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上海中考英语
A
篇阅读理解解题技巧讲解
上海中考英语
A
篇
阅读理解解题技巧讲解
一、知识框架
二、知识点梳理
Ⅰ.
细节理解题
一、解题思路
1.
凡属针对特定细节的考题，
其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验
证。这
一部分可能是一个词或短语，
也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，
但句式、用词和
表达方式不同。
2.
干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混
杂，
正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，
甚至真假混
杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，
二要排除干扰项。
【案例分析】
Lin's
enjoyment of basketball actually began in Taiwan,
where his father started watching it.
Lin's father moved to U.S., and passed
on this love of basketball to his son, the young
Lin spent
much of his youth playing
basketball for fun, learning from his father and
older brother. But his
family taught
him about more than basketball. After games, his
parents would discuss not only his
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篇阅读理解解题技巧讲
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score but also his conduct
toward other players. This taught Lin that
character was more important
than
playing well.
74. Lin’s
enjoyment of basketball started in
.
A.
Taiwan
B. the U.S
C.
Harvard University
D. NBA
【解析】
1.
断案
—extract the key word in
the question
Lin’s enjoyment
; basketball; started
2.
去案发现场寻找蛛丝马迹
—find the
original sentence in the passage
Lin's enjoyment of
basketball; began in = start
3:
找到证据
,
破解案情
—get answers near the sentence
Lin's enjoyment of basketball actually
began in Taiwan
Ⅰ.
理解推断题
一、解题思路
推断题就是根据某个事
实推断结论，
主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。
这类推断通常包
括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，
应
根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意
思，
反复比较，从而做出合乎逻辑的判断。
二、设题方式
常以
infer
（
推断）
，
imply
（
暗示）
，
suggest, conclude
（
推断）
，
learn, inte
nd
（
意指）
，
mean, describe,
purpose
等词提问
。提问方式如下：
1. We can guess the
writer of the letter may be a ______.
2. We can infer from the text that
_______.
3. From the story
we can guess ______.
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篇阅读理解解题技巧讲
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4. What would be happy if
?
5. How did the writer feel at Vienna
station?
6. The writer
writes this text to ______.
7. The writer believes that
______.
8. The writer
suggests that ______.
三、解题方法
1.
根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，
从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
【案例分析】
The continent of Africa has a long
history and a rich culture, and this is shown in
traditional
dress. You often find three
colors — red, gold and green in the clothing. The
first color stands for
the blood of
millions of people who suffered as
slav
es
(
奴隶
); the
second is for the rich resources
of the
African earth; and the third represents the
grasslands of home.
76.
According to the passage, red ________.
A) represents the setting
sun
B) stands for African
unity
C) is chosen because
it is a bright color
D) is a
reminder
(
暗示
) of the sad history in Africa
【解析】
根据文中所呈现的一句话的
意识是：
“
第一个颜色（红色）代表着成千上万的作为奴隶的人
们的血液
”
答案
A
：代表夕阳
B
代表非洲的团结
C
被选择因为他是一个明亮的颜色
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此处三个都属于不符合文章所陈述的事实，论点。
D
选项说它暗示了非洲的一段伤心的历史（从文章中的
blood
以及
suffered
as
slaves
）可以
得出答案。
2.
整合全文（段）信息进行推断
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文（段）意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，
综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。
【案例分析】
As
part
of
its
fortieth
anniversary
(
周年纪念日
),
Sesame
Street
had
a
special
guest
on
its
show.
First
Lady
Michelle
Obama
showed
a
group
of children
and
Big Bird
how
to
plant.
She
explained that the seeds would grow
into vegetables, which are healthy and good to
eat. She also
had a message to the
parents who watch the show with their children.
She said parents can help
their children do things to have
healthy lives, like getting enough
exercise.
77. On the
program’s fortieth anniversary, First Lady tried
to help parents learn ________.
A) how to grow
and eat vegetables correctly
B) to watch the show with
their children
C) to teach children to do enough
exercise
D)
the importance of a healthy life for their
children
【解析】
综合整段的含义，我们可以抓住主题内容：在
14
周年的纪念日上，这个电视节目请来一个
十分重要的贵宾，
通过这位贵宾给孩子们演示种子如何生长成为对孩子们健康有益以及很好
吃的蔬菜的同时
，
也给和孩子们一起看电视的家长传达一个信息：
父母可以帮助
他们的孩子
健康的生活。
本文中的题
干说道试图帮助父母去学习什么：
A/B
两个答案可以直接排除
，
难点就在于
C/D
的把握问题：文章
最后一句有个关键词是
“like”
后面一句只是一个举例，不
能作为一个主干
的结构去成为这题的答案，所以排除
C
，因此
D
就是最好的答案。
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篇阅读理解解题技巧讲解
3.
利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
<
/p>
认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，
了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。
【案例分析】
Fifteen is such an awful age, I should
know. I really wish I were eighteen. If you are an
adult,
you can be your own boss. People
like my parents and teachers are always telling me
what to do.
You know what I mean. “It’s
time for bed, Sally.” Or “Sally, you’ve watched
too much TV for one
night.” “Sally,
stand up straight.” “Sally,
you
must improve
your
handwriting.” Sally this. Sally
that.
No one tells adults when they go to bed or not to
watch TV. Besides, adults get to wear what
they like… Now it’s going to be great
to be an adult. Don’t you agree?
76. Sally feels __________ to be told
to do this and that.
A.
powerful
B. enjoyable
C. awful
D. strange
【解析】
方法一
:
反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子
原文
:People like my parents
and teachers are always telling me what to
do.
掌握
be always d
oing
这个词组表示有一种贬义的抱怨色彩的话
,
这是解题技巧方法之一
.
方法二
:
了解主人公的心理特点及发
展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处
原文：
No one tells adults when
they go to bed or not to watch TV
.
Besides, adults get to wear what
they
like… Now it’s going to be great to be an adult.
Don’t you agree?
Ⅲ
.
猜测词义题
一、出题趋势
考察单词或者句子在语境中的含义
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【案例分析】
But slowly, the excitement wore
off(
逐渐消失
) and was replaced
by anxiety. Lin was afraid
of playing
badly. He always compared himself to other players
and gave himself no time to rest up.
For the first time in his life, he no
longer enjoyed playing basketball.
78. The underlined words “anxiety” in
paragraph 4 probably means
A).
joy
B). surprise
C).worries
D).excitement
【解析】
定位到原文的那句话
But
slowly,
the
excitement
wore
off(
逐渐消失
)
and
was
replaced
by
anxiety.
根据语境分析
，
这句话前半句表面激动逐渐消失后；
再看后半句有个词组
be replaced
by
可以推断
出激动没了，
被
_________
所
取代
,
按照逻辑思维来看
,
这个词一定是和
excitement
意思相反的
一个词。所以答案呼之欲出了选
C
。
【案例分析】
The Internet is full of false
information. It is important
for us all
to avoid being fooled by
such
information.
Here are three
examples of Internet
hoaxes
.
69. The underlined word
means_______.
A) games
B)
websites
C) lies
D) stories
【解析】
句中
false information
意为
“
错误信息
”
，
下文告诉我们
avoid being
fooled by such information
，
避
免被骗，因此可猜测
hoaxes
为谎言。
Ⅳ
.
主旨大意题
一、考查形式
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：
The text is mainly about
____.
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解
The main idea/The general
idea/The main purpose is ______.
What’s the main point the writer is
trying to make in the last/xx
paragraph?
What would be the
best title /headline for the text?
This article mainly tells about the
story of ____.
What is the
topic of the text?
The
subject discussed in this text is ____.
What does the second paragraph
discuss?
The paragraph
(passage) deals with _____.
What is mainly discussed in the text?
二、解题方法
1.
以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见
，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。
2.
答案是比出来的。
答案要看对的，
更要看更合适的，因为有时候四个答案都是对的，
只能
选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的＞不知道的；不知道的＞不对的。<
/p>
3.
注意绝
对化的词。
如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，
比如：
all, always, never, nothing, every
等等，除非文章中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。
4.
答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全
。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，
要注意选择最符合题目要求的一
个。
5.
“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当不知道，不要瞎猜，一切以文章内容为准。
【案例分析】
The Internet is full of false
information. It is important
for us all
to avoid being fooled by
such
information.
Here are three
examples of Internet
hoaxes
.
69. The underlined word
means_______.
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篇阅读理解解题技巧讲
解
A) games
B) websites
C) lies
D) stories
【解析】
句中
false information
意为
“
错误信息
”
，
下文告诉我们
avoid being
fooled by such information
，
避
免被骗，因此可猜测
hoaxes
为谎言。
【课堂小练】
A. Choose the best answer (
根
据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案
):
Dear Addie,
Greetings from New Jersey, how is New
Zealand? I’m very excited to have you as my pen
pal. I guess it’s my turn to tell you
about myself.
First
off,
I
live
with
my
parents,
two
sisters,
and
our
pet
dog
Brighty.
Our
town
is
called
Whippangong. It is
only about a half
-
hour away
from New York City. My oldest sister, Ingrid, just
turned 17, that means she now has a
driver’s license. She drives us to the mall. Do
you have a mall
near you in Te Awamutu?
My other sister is 11 and her name is Lucy. I
guess I would say that she
is
my
best
friend.
We
still
fight,
though.
She
rides
horses
and
takes
lessons
every
Saturday
morning. I have to
go with her sometimes, and that is truly the most
boring thing in the world. Do
you like
horses?
I take
tap dancing classes. I like to practice in the
food store. The sound of my feet stepping
on the hard floors
echoes(
发出回声
). I play scores
in the fall; I’m on the swim team during the
summer.
I like swim, but
I
am really looking forward
to diving this
year. Next year I
will
start
music
lessons in school. I think I am going to play the
piano.
Our house has eight
rooms and a small backyard where every year we try
to grow vegetables.
We mostly get
zucchini because the rabbits eat everything else.
I guess rabbits don’t like zucchini.
I
have a bike and mum allows me to ride up and down
our street, but nowhere else. I hope that I
will get to ride it to school someday.
Right now I ride the crowed and yucky
bus.
Well, that is enough
about me for now. I look forward to hearing from
you again soon. I hope
your surfing
lessons went well. And I hope your mum dose let
you learn to play the drums.
Write soon
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篇阅读理解解题技巧讲
解
Love,
Jessica
1. In
this letter, Jessica doesn’t talk about
.
A) her family
numbers
B)her spare
time
C) her house
D)her ambition
2. What does the underlined word “fall”
mean here?
.
A)
跌倒
B)
降落
C)
秋天
D)
瀑布
3. Jessica thinks riding horses is very
.
A)
different
B)
fool
C)exciting
D)frightening
4.
Zucchini is likely to be a kind of
.
A) animals
B)vegetable
C)flower
D)fruit
5. Which of the following is TURE?
.
A) Jessica
likes Lucy very much but they don’t always get
along.
B) People below 18
can’t get driving licenses in New
Jersey
C) Jessica usually
goes to school by bike, but sometimes by
bus.
D) Ingrid gets to take
riding lessons and Jessica wishes she could,
too.
6. What might be
Addie’s problem?
A) She
can’t take surfing lessons.
B) She wants to play the
drums.
C) There are no malls
near her house.
D) She has
no family.
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