托福阅读易错点深度解析之细节为王

ETS

往往会在选

项中放置这样一类答案“请问 你几岁啊

?

”“我今年读高二。”虽然回答的也都

是事实，但其实答非所问。这道题我们回过头去看题目，问的是“为什么关于这

些画的问题从来没有被回答过

?

”问的是原因，那么我们就去 精准定位找原因，

问题对应到原文的’

there will never be satisfactory answers to the cave

images

’

,

< br>在这句话的前半部分，有这样一个词组

so...that...,

于是我们就应该

知道原因就在这里了。

【例题

2

】

【

Paragraph 1

】

Since 1980, the use of wind to produce electricity has

been growing rapidly. In 1994 there were nearly 20,000 wind turbines

worldwide, most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively

produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity. Most were in Denmark (which

got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and California (where

17,000 machines produced 1 percent of the state

’

s electricity, enough to

meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco). In principle,

all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting

the wind potential of just three states

—

North Dakota, South Dakota, and

Texas.

【

Paragraph 3

】

Wind power has a significant cost advantage over

nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants

in many places. With new technological advances and mass production,

projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world

’

s

cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from

large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas

from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for

electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system

and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is

needed.

【

Paragraph 4

】

Wind power is most economical in areas with steady

winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a

utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary.

Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar

cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient

natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include

visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by

improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.

Online Test: Electricity from Wind

Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can

be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas

mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?

○

They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.

○

They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.

○

Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by

wind farms.

○

Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power

needs of the United States.

【正确答案】

B

【经典错误】

D

【错误原因】这道题选择

D

对于很多同学来讲，也是无奈之举。因为出题

段落实在太长了，短时间内 根本无法找到正确的出路去解答这道题。于是

D

这

个看起来最符合文章大意，最像答案的选项就自然成为同学们的第一选择了。

【正确解析】其实，如果同学们仔 细审题就会发现，题干里对大家的提示还

是挺明显的。首先从

i nfer

看出这是一道推理题，而推理的对象来自文章的第一

段 ，

但是答案应该得出自文章的第三和第四段。

于是我们就自然地 找到这样一条

解题路径：第一段定位推理对象—明确推理对象性质或特点—第三、四段综 合

寻找有关细节—将所有细节结合推论。

按照这个思路，

我们从第一段得知这些州

都是适合风力发电的地方，然后到三、四段找 到适合风力发电的地点具备

in

remote areas

和

with steady winds

(

文中都有表示地点的词作提示

)

，

最后将两个信息点结合起来就可以推断出< /p>

B

选项了。

细节处理之指代

【例题

1

】

The United States in the 1800

’

s was full of practical, hardworking

people who did not consider the arts

—

from theater to painting

—

useful

occupations. In addition, the public

’

s attitude that European art was

better than American art both discouraged and infuriated American

artists. In the early 1900

’

s there was a strong feeling among artists that

the United States was long overdue in developing art that did not

reproduce European traditions. Everybody agreed that the heart and

soul of the new country should be reflected in its art. But opinions

differed about what this art would be like and how it would develop.

OG

According to this paragraph, all of the following were true of

American art in the late 1800

’

s and early 1900

’

s EXCEPT

○

Most Americans thought art was unimportant.