(完整版)第一讲_高中英语阅读理解-事实细节题.doc

阅读

第

1

讲

事实细节题

理解

是高考英

理解中占比重最大的一

型

也可能涉及若干个

。

,

旨在考

考生

事

的理解。

主要

who, what, which, why, how, when, where

等来提

,

可能只

文章中某一特定的

,

【考纲解读】

1.

从近几年

施

的考

来看，不

是数量增加，而且

度也稍有增加，表

：答案

需要跨段落搜集信息；

目

置

序与全文

序不一致；

目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。

2.

以考

言运用能力

主，考

言知

，考

的

重点将向

篇能力的运用方面

斜，要求考生运用自

己的

合能力和知

构去解

。

【命题规律】

考

理解文章主要

的

，

命

人一般都是通

文章

加以改写来考

准确理解

的能力。

有可能是直接理解

，

但多数情况下是

接理解

。

要求在理解的基

上，

通

思

将理解的内容系

化，条

理化，比如

算，排序，

等。

【命题趋势】

事

呈增多

。

目将由

的

找信息

向多

次

推理

合，

答案需要跨段落搜集信息，

考

事

的

不

太多。

【常考点清单】

of the following is true/false/mentioned?

does the writer pay least attention to?

the right order of the events given in the passage?

of the following statements may be true/false except

of the following is not the result of

?

.?

?

..

【重点难点】

1.

语义转换

[

技巧点

]

然

的答案一般可以在文章中直接或

接地找到

确

是几乎没有的。而是用不同的

或句型表达相同的意思

以下几点：

1.

序性原

：

一般

来

,

序与其

眼在文章中的

序相同。

如第

53

的答案信息会在第

52

的

答案信息之后。

2.

定位信息点：

通

法

(scanning),

用

干中的关

在文中搜索

,

迅速确定相关

句或

,

但是与

材料一模一

的正

,

即

意

。解

注意

- 1 -

信息点所在的位置

,

词、实体名词

,

以及这些词的同义表达等。

3.

理解信息点：在找到关键词句后

,

要仔细阅读

,

准确理解

,

对照选项

,

看哪个选项的意思与之最

接近。

4.

排除干扰项：在作出选择的过程中

,

要善于辨别真伪

,

排除干扰

,

不断缩小范围

,

选出正确答案

,

这就是我们常说的排除法。干扰项一般具有以下特征：

(1)

杜撰事实

,

无中生有。文中根本找不到任何相关信息

,

完全由命题人所捏造。

(2)

偷梁换柱

,

以假乱真。采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇

,

但换了个别词

,

改变了原意或范围。

(3)

半真半假

,

虚虚实实。干扰项与原文相关细节部分相同

,

部分相悖。

(4)

文不对题

,

滥竽充数。干扰项是文中的事实细节

[

经典例题

] ----

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes

happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.

I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on

my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because

those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don

pretending. But only when we stop pretending we

the kindness that

A. they offer their help

B. they receive others

C. they feel others

’

help

’

kindness

’

s in them.

,

但与题干要求不符。

’

t get to see this soft side o

others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of

strongre

’< /p>

bravedoweorallow people to show

1. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ____.

2.

The author feels sad sometimes because ____.

A. he has a soft heart

B. he relies much on others

C. some people pretend to be kind

D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

2.

是非判断

[

技巧点拨

]

这里的是非判断题

,

主要是指

true

或

not true,

以及含

except

等词的这类题。

解答这类题

,

一定要看清

,

是选与文章内容相符的选项还是选不相符的选项

,

或是选文中没有谈及的内容。

特别注意：

NOT true

这类题，要求选出一个错误选项

考生千万不要看到一个正确选项时

,

也就是说

,

有三个选项是正确的。

,

就以为这是要选的正确答案呀

,

这点非常容易出错。

Not

true

这类题涉及的信息点跨度大

[

经典例题

]--

,

要注意作记号。

Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an

illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.

The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever

is one of the most common symptoms.

Certain microorganisms(

微生物

)cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other

microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body,

these tiny living things release (

释放

)poisons that make people sick.

Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being

grown, processes, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds

and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.

Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include

certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.

When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small...

of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Food poisoned can make people sick.

B. Food poisoning means death.

C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.

D. Food poisoning can be serious.

2.

Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT ____.

A. some chemicals

B. low temperatures

C. some tiny living things D.

certain natural materials

【课堂练习】

【

1

】

For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without

any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is

about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?

A. Both can continue for generations

B. Both are about where to draw the line

C. Neither has any clear winner

D. Neither can be put to an end

【

2

】

The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by

recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they

observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful,

disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial

expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. What were the people asked to do in the

study?

A. To make a face at each other.

B. To get their faces impressive.

C. To classify some face pictures.

D. To observe the researchers

’

faces.

【

3

】

After World War

Ⅱ

, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the

population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where

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