-
江苏
2020
高考英
语阅读理解
--
细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）
阅读理解解题指导
阅读
理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、
区分度最高的题型，
它
要求考生理解文章的
主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理
解文章的基本结构；理
解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解
的解题思路。
阅读理解
----
【细节理解题】
细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。
它的
设题方式主要有以下两种：
1.
以
what, who, which, when,
where, why, how
等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章
中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因
(
目的
)
、方式等来设问考查。解这类题时，大家可
以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用
“
对号入座
< br>”
的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后
确定出正
确答案。如
:
真题摘选【
1
】
(
2020
江苏卷
D
篇
)
I say clever because anti-
slavery fiction had been the important part of the
literature in the years
before the
C
ivil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
is only the most famous example.
These
early stories dealt directly with
slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his
attacks on
slavery and prejudice into
tales that were on the surface about something
else entirely. He drew his
readers into
the argument by drawing them into the story.
65. How do Twain’s novels
on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
A. Twain was more willing to deal with
racism.
B. Twain’s attack on racism was
much less open.
C. Twain’s
themes se
emed to agree with plots.
D. Twain was openly concerned with
racism.
解析：
根据文中信
息，
Stowe
的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克
?
吐温则通过故事来抨击
奴隶制和种族歧视，可见
马克
?
吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。
【实战演练】
阅读理解
Part of a research
study
，
by scientists at
McMaster university
，
which is
ongoing into the influence of
drinking
milk after heavy
weightlifting
，
has observed
that milk helps exercisers burn more fat.
< br>第
1
页（共
14
页）
The
scientists took three groups of young men 18 to 30
years of age,56 in total
，
and
put them through
a strict
，
five-
day-
per-
week weightlifting program over a
12-
week ing their
workouts
，
study participants
drank either two cups of skim milk (
脱脂奶
)
，
or a soy
beverage with equivalent
amounts of
protein and energy
，
or a
carbohydrate beverage (
碳酸饮料
)
with an equivalent amount of
energy.
Upon the study’s conclusi
on<
/p>
，
scientists observed
that
：
the milk drinking group
had lost nearly twice as
much
fat
—
two
pounds
—
as those in the
carbohydrate beverage
group
，
who lost one pound of
drinking soy lost no the same
time
，
the gain in muscle was
much greater among the
milk drinkers
than either the soy or carbohydrate beverage
participants.
As published in the first
stage of the study
，
the milk
drinking group came out on top in terms of
muscle gain with an estimated 40
percent or 2.5 pounds more muscle mass than the
soy beverage
addition
，
this group gained
63 percent or 3.3 pounds more muscle mass than the
carbohydrate beverage drinkers.
“I think the evidence is beginning to
increase
，
”says Stuart
Phillips—the leader of the study.“Milk
may be best known for its calcium
(
钙
) content in supporting
bone health
，
but our
research
，
and later
others’
，
can
continually support milk’s ability to aid in
muscle growth and also promote body fat
is the ideal post-
workout
drink for recreational exercisers and athletes
alike.”
1
．
According to
the study
，
which is the best
drink for exercisers to lose weight?
A
．
Fruit juice.
C
．
Skim milk.
解析：
细节理解题。根据第三段可知。
答案：
C
2
．
From the
passage we can learn that milk has a good effect
on all of the following
EXCEPT________.
A
．
muscle gain
C
．
bone health
B
．
brain
development
D
．
fat
loss
B
．
Soy
beverage.
D
．
Carbohydrate
beverage.
解析：
细节理解题。根据前三段可知，牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose fat
，故
A
、
D
正确；
根据
最后一段中的
“Milk may be best
known for its calicium content in supporting bone
health”
可知
C
也
正确，所以答案为
B
。
答案：
B
3
．
According to
the passage
，
we can know
that________.
A
．
the scientists
chose people aged 18,30 and 56 as participants of
the research
第
2
页（
共
14
页）
B
．
the
weightlifting program which study participants
attended was 84 days in total
C
．
people who
drink milk every day are always healthier and
thinner than others
D
．
soy beverages
are better than carbohydrate beverages for
exercisers to gain muscle
解析：
细节理解题。根据第二段中的
“The scientists
book three groups of young men 18 to 30
years of age,56 in total
，
”
可知
A
错误；
根据第二段中的
“put them through a str
ict
，
five-
day-
per-
week
weightlifting program over a 12?week pe
riod.”
可知
B
错误；
文章提到喝牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose
fat
，但是并没有提到每天喝牛奶的人会比其他人健康、苗条，故
C
也错误。
答案：
D
4
．
What does
Philips want to tell us?
A
．
More evidence
is needed to strengthen their research.
B
．
Milk has more
calcium than soy or carbohydrate beverages.
C
．
The calcium in
milk can also help gain muscle and lose fat.
D
．
Athletes should
be forbidden to drink other beverages except milk.
解析：
细节理解题。
由
“...but
our research
，
and later
others’
，
can continually
support milk’s ability
to
aid in muscle growth and also promote
body fat loss.”
可知答案。
答案：
A
5
．
What does the
passage mainly talk about?
A
．
What exercisers
should do to lose weight.
B
．
How milk
influences people’s health and figure.
C
．
The differences
between milk and soy or carbohydrate beverages.
D
．
A research on
the effect of drinking
milk
—
gain muscle and lose
fat.
解析：
主旨大意题。通读
全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于喝牛奶的最新研究成果，即喝牛奶
可以
< br>gain muscle
和
lose fat
，所以答案为
D
。
答案：
D.
真题摘选【
2
】
(2020
课标卷
I A
篇
)
Some
people will do
just
about
anything to
save money. And
I am one of
them.
Take
my family
’
s last
vacation. It was my six-year-old
son
’
s winter break from
school,
and we were heading home form
Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight
was
第
3
页（共
< br>14
页）
overbooked, and Delta, the airline,
offered us $$400 per person in credits to give
up
our
seats
and
leave
the
next
day.
I
had
meetings
in
New
York,
so
I
had
to
get
back.
But
that didn
’
t mean my husband
and my son couldn
’
t stay. I
took my nine-month-old
and took off for
home.
56. Why did Delta give the
author
’
s family credits?
A. They took a later
flight.
B. They had early
bookings.
C. Their flight
had been delayed.
D. Their
flight had been cancelled.
解析：
本文为夹叙夹议文。
作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，
即如何获取金钱的
最大利用价值，从而理性消费。利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找
到
The flight was
overbooked,
and Delta, the airline, offered us $$400 per person
in credits to give
up our seats and
leave the next day
这些相关信息。由该句可知，因为航班超员，航
空公
司
(Delta)
以信用卡的形式
补偿我们每人
400
美金，要我们放弃座位，第二天再离开。故
选
A
项
(
他们
乘坐了较晚的航班
)
。
【实战演练】
【
2020
届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选
择最佳答
案填空。
C
You use
her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back
with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is
only a virtual chatbot.
Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial
intelligence robot, was briefly released
in 2014, and
returned to
WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit.
Millions of young Chinese now exchange
messages with her daily, The New York
Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official
account.
After following it, users can
start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.
“Her incredible learning ability was
why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,”
Li
u Jinchang, a
researcher
at High-tech Research and Development Center under
the Ministry of Science and
Technology,
told China Daily. Apart from her ability to
identify photos and send emojis
(
表情符号
)
in
conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her
knowledge from interacting with users, China
Daily reported.
第
4
页（共
14
页）
Chatbot programs first
appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top
tech companies,
they are becoming
smarter and more common.
For instance,
IBM’s latest artificial intelligence
program served as an academic
consultant
at Australia’s Deakin
University, answering
student
s
’
questions about course schedules and
financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa
have been
used as voice assistants who
can read news, play music and even make jokes for
their users.
These programs are expected
to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars
and living
rooms, The New York Times
pointed out. However, it may take decades before
scientists develop a
“Samantha”, the
advanced chatbot seen in the fiction
fi
lm Her. In the film, Samantha sparks
a
romantic relationship with her user
played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers
were
enthusiastic about this fantasy of
virtual soul mates.
1. What does the
underlined part in paragraph two mean?
A. She became a best
seller.
B. She
became very powerful.
C. She became a money maker.
D. She became
very popular.
2. Which of the following
can Xiaoice do?
A. Do housework.
B. Spread messages.
D. Read news to its users.
C. Identify various photos.
3. Which
company
’
s chatbot program
can act as an academic consultant?
A.
Microsoft.
B. IBM.
C. Apple.
D. Amazon.
4.
What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones
now.
B. It
’
ll
take decades to apply chatbots to cars.
C. Samantha is played by a US actor in
the film.
D. The film Her
doesn
’
t interest many
audience .
参考答案、
DCBA
第
5
页（共
14
页）
2.
以不完整的句子形式，针对文章的某个细节设题，考查考
生对此事实细节的认定和理
解能力。如：
真题摘选【
1
】
(2020
课标卷
I B
篇
)
Or do newborns simply prefer more to
fewer? The same experiment, but with three
spots shown before two, shows the same
return of interest when the number of spots
changes.
Perhaps
it
is
just
the
newness?
When
slightly
older
babies
were
shown
cards
with pictures of
objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on),
changing the number
of objects had an
effect separate from changing the objects
themselves. Could it be
the pattern
that two things make, as opposed to three? No
again. Babies paid more
attention to
squares moving randomly on a screen when their
number changed from two
to three, or
three to two. The effect even crosses between
senses. Babies who were
repeatedly
shown two spots became more excited when they then
heard three drumbeats
than when they
heard just two; likewise
(
同样地
) when the researchers
started with
drumbeats and moved to
spots.
61. Babies are sensitive to the
change in ______.
A. the
size of cards
B. the colour of pictures
C. the shape of patterns
D. the number of objects
解析：
本文为科普类说明文，
主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题
。
根据第二段中
When
slightly older babies were shown cards
with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an
orange
and
so
on),
changing
the
number
of
objects
had
an
effect
separate
from
changing
the objects themsel
ves
可知，卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生
了影响，故选
D
。
【习题选编】
阅读下列短文
,
从给的四个选项
(A
、
B
、
C
和
D)
中
,
选出最佳选项。
体裁：记叙文
话题：公共服务
时间：
7
分钟
The world of taxi drivers is dominated
by there is one small taxi company in
Delhi
，
where all
第
6
页（共
14
页）
the drivers
and passengers are 's safety is a hot topic in
India at the moment
，
so it's
proving a very popular service.
“When I'm on the road
drivi
ng our taxi I feel very
proud
，
because this is the
first taxi service only for
women
，
”says
31?year?old Shanti
Sharma
，
who is one of eight
female drivers with a taxi service called
Cabs for Women by Women.
The
last couple of months
，
since
the rape and murder in the city of a college
student travelling on a
bus
，
have been
particularly busy for her and her colleagues.
“After this
case
，
our workload has
increased so much
，
” says
Sharma.“Women who used other cab
services are also turning to us
now.”
Most women in Delhi
say they routinely face harassment(
骚扰
)
，
and
worse
，
especially on public
transport.
Sharma
，
a single
parent with three
daughters
，
has been working
as a taxi driver since
2011
，
when the
service was first set
up
，
and it has changed her
is the first time that she has earned
enough
—
about
250 a
month
—
to support her family.
Of course
，
she and
the other female taxi drivers are completely
outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I
park somewhere there are always men
there and inevitably five or six of them get
together and hang
out
，
” she
says.“I'm usually the only woman in the parking
lot
，
so I just stay inside
the car.”
It's not much
better when she is out on the says the male
drivers give her a hard time.“As
soon
as they see a woman at the wheel they start
honking(
按喇叭
) for no 'll try
to
overtake you.I'm always worrying
about how to avoid getting hit by
someone.”
The company behind
Cabs for Women by
Women
，
Sakha Consulting
Wings
，
had a number of goals
when it set up the wanted to give
women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn
putting women in charge of
technologies
，
it also wanted
to change people's
attitudes
，
and
open up boundaries for women.
【语篇导读】
德里一家出租车公司专
门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的
Cabs for
Women by Women
出租车业务。生意异常火爆。
1
．
The taxi
service Cabs for Women by Women ______.
A
．
is greatly
needed at present in India
B
．
causes a hot
debate in India
C
．
was set up in
2012
D
．
is free of
charge for women
解析
< br>细节理解题。
根据第一段第三句中的
“it's
proving a very popular service”
可知，
这项女性出
第
7
页（共<
/p>
14
页）