-
第三讲
细节理解题
一、提问方法
1.
问对错
Which of the
following is true/ not true? All the statements
are true
except
_
_______
Which of the following statements is
(not) mentioned in the passage?
2.
问细节点
Who, what,
which, when, where, why, how
3.
问加工细节
in the
passage?
的提问。
排序题
:
：
Which is the right order of
the events given
计算题：
对门票、学费等进行简单的计算。
图形题：
二、
解题方法
1.
审题——找到问题中的关键词；
1.
定位——回到文章中进行定位；
(
注意：在阅读文章时要对关键词事先进行标
记，以便审题后迅速定位
)
找关键词：
关键词一般是
醒目的词汇及实词
，比如：数字、大
写、人名、地名、时间状语、复合词、中文解释，标点
符号
(
“”，—，下划线等
)
找关键词三原则：
(1)
尽量避免用中心词和常用词作关键词。
(2)
答案
ABCD
里有
3-4
个相同的词，
一般是关键词。
(3)
用关键词在文章中找到问题的出处，可能是关键词的重复或者是同反义词的转述。
< br>
出题点：
强转折：两个虽然
(
although, while
)
三个但是
(
but, yet,
however
)
两个事实
(
in fact,
actually
)
两个尽管
(
despite, in spite of
)
强对比：
other, on the other hand, today, now
强因果：
because,
since, for, so, thus, therefore, conclude
序数词、最高级
并特别注意宾从、定从和状从！
细节
事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、
补语等，这些成分都是出题者常
进行误导的落脚点。
2.
分析理解，选项是哪个——排除法
错误选项有哪些？陷阱大揭密
陷阱一
：偷换
数量
较多量：
many, most, lots of
较少量：
little,
few
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陷阱三：偷换确定性和不确定性表达
原文中可能本是推测、可能、也许，而题干中换成
必然、绝对
（
possibly, can,
maybe
——
must, can
'
t,
never
）
或者在题干中加入了否
定
前缀。例如：文章中
是
happy,
而题干中换成了
unhappy
。
（
2012
唐山）
Some children feel it is very difficult
to do their homework, because they
can
'
t understand their teacher
clearly, and can
'
t follow
their teacher
'
s
teaching process
（
过程
）
.
Maybe there is something wrong with their
intelligence.
But some
children
'
s intelligence is
normal. They are even cleverer, but they don
'
t
listen to the
teacher carefully .It is hard for them
to
sit well and pay
attention to anything .It needs to carry on the
attention centralized
（
集中注
意力
）
training to help the
children.
Some children find the
homework difficult .Which reason is NOT right?
A.
They
can
'
t understand their
teacher clearly B.
teacher
'
s teaching process
They
can
'
t follow their
C. The intelligence of all
the students isn
to the teacher
carefully
陷阱四：偷换逻辑
'
t normal
D. They
don
'
t listen
◆因果倒置
◆充分条件和必要条件混合
◆并列混淆成因果关系
陷阱五：偷换时态
警惕
完成时，文章中可能是即将完成，题干中偷换成了已经完成。
2013
江西）
DNA is the whole
“
map
”
of the human body. It is something that
all humans have,
and it tells the body
what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like
our parents, because we
get some of
their DNA to make our own.
People have
been trying to understand the human body for a
long time.
In I860, Mr. Mendel
discovered why we look the same as other people in
our family. It is
because of small
things called
“
genes
< br>”（基因）
in our body. In
1953, two scientists,
Watson and Crick,
found out that those small parts are really
messages. They
'
re written
in
the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found
the first
“
word
”
that they could understand in
that language. It shows how DNAt ells
the cell
（
细胞）
to build its parts, so far scientists
have found all the words in the DNA
map, but we still do not understand what they all
do. By
understanding what just one
“
word
”
means, we can help to save people from
several
illnesses. So the more we
understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to
make better medicine and help sick people: Other
people worry that when we can learn
more
“
words
”
and
find out more information, we will use
it in the wrong way, just to make people more
attractive
（
有吸引力的
）
, or stop sick people
getting jobs.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答
案。
1.
When did Mr. Mendel
discover why we look the same as other people in
our family?
1961. C. In
1953.
2.
D. In 1860.
What did the two scientists find in
1961? They found
____ .
B.
small things called
A. all the words in
the DNA map
in our body
C.
the first
“
genes
”
“
word
”
they could understand in that language
D. those small parts are written in the
DNA with a special language
3.
How can we help sick people if we
understand more
“
words
”
in the DNA map?
A. Make
better medicine. B. Make them get jobs. C. Make
maps for them.
D. Make them
attractive.
4.
Which one is not true according to the
article?
A. We look like our parents
because of
“
genes
”
in ou r body.
B.
We have understood what all the words
in the DNA map do.
C.
DNA is
the whole
“
map
”
of the human body.
D.
DNA tells the cell to build its parts.
5.
What do
people think about this research about DNA?
A. In 2000.
A.
It can be only bad.
won
'
t work.
B. In
B. It can
be only good. C. It can be good but
D.
It can be good and bad.
（
2013
江西）
Should we be
afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the
reasons