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英语阅读理解最新详解
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如何应对阅读理解中的
细节题和推理题
一、做细节事实题的方法
在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。
这类题目相对容易一些。
这些题目有两个共同特点：
(1) <
/p>
凡属针对特定细节的考题，
其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料
中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。
这一部分可能是一个词或短语，
也可能是一个句子或相关
的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同
。
(2)
干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确
答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，
甚至真假混杂。
因此，
要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和
事实的题目，一要在文
章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。
二、做推理判断题的方法
所谓推断，
就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，
推断出未知的信息。
即把
有关的文字作
为已知部分，
从中推断出未知部分。
据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，
也可能是若干句
子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种：
1
．事实推断
这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具
体细节，
是比较简单的推断。
进行这种推断，
< br>要首先
在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的
意思。例如：
According to
the passage, which of the following can you most
possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play
football with your friends after school.
B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out
and hasn't been caught.
D. The bike in
front of your house is lost.
在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：
Secondly, a news story has
to be interesting and unusual. People don't want
to read
stories about everyday life. As
a result, many stories are about some kind of
danger and
seem to be
根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有
趣的和不平常的。因此，
正确答案应为
C
。
2
．指代推断
确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读
理解题常见的题目。
要确定指代词所指代的对象，
关
键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，
因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。
3
．逻辑推断
这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提
供的背景，
人物的表情，
动作和语言来推断出人物的
态度或感觉。
4
．对作者的意图和态度的推断
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对
论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，
如作者对所陈述
的观点是赞
同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，
还是厌恶
。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。
因此，
进行这种推断时，
我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提
，
又要注意作者的措
辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
阅读理解
10
篇
Many children use
the Internet to get useful knowledge and
information, and to relax in their free
time. But some of them are not using in
a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you
are
safe and have fun on the Internet.
Make rules for Internet use with your
parents. For example, when you can go online, for
how long
and what activities you can go
online.
Don
’
t
give
your
password
(
密
码
)
to
anyone
else,
and
never
leak
out
the
following
information---your
real
name,
home
address,
age,
school,
phone
number
or
other
personal
information.
Check with your
parents before giving out a credit
(
信用
) card number.
Never send a photo of yourself to
someone in e-
mail unless your parents
say it‘s OK.
Check with your
parents before going into a chat room. Different
chat rooms have different rules
and
attract different kinds of people. You and your
parents must make sure it‘s a right place
for
you.
Never
agree to meet someone you met on the Internet
without your parent
’
s
permission (
允许
).
Never meet anyone you met on line
alone.
Always remember that people
online may not be who they say they are. Treat
everyone online as
strangers.
If
something
you
see
or
read
online
makes
you
uncomfortable,
leave
the
site.
Tell
a
parent
or
teacher right away.
Treat
other people as you‘d like to be treated. Never
use bad language.
Remember
—
not
everything you read on the Internet is true.
(
)1.
If you want a true friend on the Internet , you
can ____________ .
A
tell the people what your name is .
B
meet the people on line alone.
C
write an e-mail about
yourself .
D
get your parent‘s
permission.
(
)2.
It
’
s good for children to
________ on the Internet.
A. give
password to others B. get useful knowledge and
information
C. give out a credit card
number D. go into a chat room as they‘d like
to
(
)3. The underlined phrase
“
leak
out
”
in the third
paragraph may mean
“
________
.
”
A. give away
B.
leave out
C. give out
D.
put away
(
)4. If your parents
don
’
t agree, never ________.
A. read
anything on the Internet
B.
relax in your free time
C. have a face-to face meeting with
anyone you met online
D. treat other people as
you‘d like to be treated
(
)5.
This passage is mainly about
“
________
”
.
A. How to use Computers B.
Surfing on the Internet
C. Information on the Internet D.
Internet Safety Rules
B
Do
you
know
why
different
animals
or
pests
(
昆虫
)
have
their
special
colors?
Colors
in
them
seem to be used mainly to protect
themselves.
Some
birds
like
eating
locusts
(
蝗虫
),
but
birds
cannot
easily
catch
them.
Why?
It
is
because
locusts change their colors together
with the change of the colors of
crops(
庄稼
). When crops are
green, locusts look green. But as the
harvest time comes, locusts change to the same
brown color
as crops have. Some other
pests with different colors from plants are easily
found and eaten by
others. So they have
to hide themselves for lives and appear only at
night.
If you study the animal life,
you
’
ll find the main use of
coloring is to protect themselves. Bears,
lions and other animals move quietly
through forests. They cannot be easily seen by
hunters (
猎
人
).
This is because they have the colors much like the
trees.
Have you ever noticed an even
stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send
out a kind of very
black
liquid
(
液体
)when
it
faces
danger.
While
the
liquid
spreads
over
(
散开
),
its
enemies
(
敌
人
)cannot find it.
And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up
to now though it is not strong
at all.
(
)
the passage we learn that locusts________.
A. are small animals
B. are easily found by birds
C. are dangerous to their enemies
D.
change their colors to protect themselves
(
)
can pests with different colors from plants keep
out of danger?
A. They run away
quickly.
B. They have the colors much like their
enemies.
C. They hide themselves by day
and appear at night.
D. They have to move
quietly.
(
) and lions can keep safe because
_________.
A. they have the colors much
like the trees
B. they move quietly
C. they
like brown and gray colors
D. they live in
forests
(
) can the kind of fish live up to now?
A. Because it is very and strong.
B. Because the
liquid it sends out can help it escape from its
enemies.
C. Because the liquid it sends
out can kill its enemies.
D. Because it
swims faster than any other fish.
(
)
is the best title for this passage?
A.
The Change of Colors for Animals and
Pests
B. Colors
of Different Animals and Pests
C. The
Main Use of Colors for Animals and
Pests
D. Some
Animals and Pests
C
In 1993
an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to
see the filmmaker Walt Disney. He
had
an unusual voice and he wanted to work in
Disney
’
s
cartoon(
动画片
) film for
children. When
Walt Disney heard
Nash
’
s voice, he said
”
Stop!
That
’
s our
duck!
”
The duck
was the now-famous Donald Duck, who first appeared
in 1934 in the firm The Wise
Little
Hen. Donald lived in an old
houseboat(
水上住家
) and wore his
sailor jacket and hat. Later
that
year
he
became
a
star after
an
eight
–
minute
Mickey
Mouse
film.
The
cinema
audience
liked him
because he was lazy and
greedy(
贪婪的
), and because he
lost his temper (
发脾气
) very
quickly. And they loved his voice when
he became angry with
Mickey
’
s eight
nephews(
侄子
).
Soon
Donald
was
more
popular
than
Mickey
Mouse
himself,
probabl
y
because
he
wasn‘t
a
goody-goody like Mickey.
In the 1930S, ? 40s and ? 50s Donald
and his friends Mickey, Goofy and P
luto
made hundreds of
Disney cartoons. He
also made educational films about the place of the
USA in the world, and
safety in the
home. Then in 1966 Donald Duck and his voice
disappeared
–
there were no
more
new cartoons.
Clarence
Nash
died
in
February,
198
5.
But
today‘s
children
can
still
see
the
old
cartoons
on
television and hear that famous voice.
(
)1.
Who made Donald Duck film? ______
A. Mickey
Mouse. B. Clarence Nash.C. Walt Disney.
D. Pluto.
(
)2.
When was the first Donald Duck film made? ______
A. In 1933.
B. In 1934.
C. In 1966. D. In 1930.
(
)3.
Who was Clarence Nash? ______
A. A cartoonist. B. Donald
Duck‘s voice.C. A film
-maker.
D. A film star.
(
)4.
Where do today
’
s children
see Donald Duck ? ______
A. In new film. B. At the cinema. C. On
television. D. At concerts.
(
)5.
The underlined word
”
audienc
e
”
in the second
paragraph means______ .
A. reads
B.
formal interview C. law freedom
D. the people who watch a
film at a cinema
D
There
once lived in China a very foolish king and queen.
One day the queen had a baby daughter.
When they saw their baby, they both
cried out, ―My goodness! How small it is! It‘s
hairless and
toothless! It‘s a
monster!‖ They sent for all the doctors in the
country and ordered them to prepare
some medicine for her.
“
When she drinks your
medicine, she must grow to the right size and have
hair and teeth,‖ the
king said, ―If you
don‘t do this, you‘ll have a beating.‖
The doctors thought it impossible, but
they dared not say anything against the king‘s
order
. Just
then
and old
doctor
stepped
forward.
―Oh,
we
shall
certainly
obey
your
order,‖
he
said,
―but
it
takes time. We have to dig a mineral
from the KunLun Mountains when the snow melts for
the
second
time.
The
snow
melts
on
those
mountains
only
once
in
six
years.
So
we
need
twelve
years.‖
At last
the king agreed and the doctors took away the
little princess. On her twelfth birthday, they
brought her back to her parents with
long black hair and beautiful teeth. The king and
queen were
very happy and gave the
doctors expensive presents.
(
)
of the following words makes the sentence untrue?
The baby was ______.
A. ToothlessB.
hairlessC. unusual
D. small
(
) doctors would be beaten
if ______.
A. the baby daughter didn‘t
drink their medicine
B.
they refused to obey the king‘s order
C. the baby daughter grew to the right
size
D.
the baby daughter became a monster
(
)
old doctor wanted to keep the
king
’
s daughter for twelve
years because ______.
A. they needed a
lot of different plants
B. they need a lot of different
minerals
C. this would give the baby
time to grow up
D. they had
to dig a mineral the snow melted for the second
time
(
) doctors thought it impossible ______.
A. for them to change the king‘s
order
B. for them the
prepare the medicine in twelve years
C.
for the small baby to drink the medicine
D. for them to make the baby have teeth
and hair or grow teeth at once
(
)5.
______ the
king wouldn
’
t have given
them expensive presents.
A. Had the
doctors not brought back a beautiful girl
B. If the doctors hadn‘t found the
minerals
C. Had the doctors
not been able to prepare the magic medicine
D. If the daughter were still a monster
twelve years later
E
Long
ago ,there lived in Greece a learned man. He was
so well known for his good knowledge of
almost everything that lots of people
from all over the country came to learn from him.
The great
man taught his students
whole-heartedly and answered their questions with
great patience.
One day a student asked
him, ― My dear teacher, didn‘t you say you
yourself have many ,many
more questions
about things than we do? But I think we students
have far more than you.‖
With a smile on his face, the teacher
drew two circles ,one as large as a big cake, the
other smaller.
Then he said , ―Of
course, I have learned much more. But it‘s wrong
to think that a teacher has
fewer
questions than his students. Now, look at these
two circles. The inside of the bigger one is
my knowledge of things, and the inside
of the smaller one is yours. Out of the circles is
what is
still unknown to us. Since mine
is larger, I have to use the longer line to draw
the bigger circle.
That means I have
more opportunities to face what is still unknown.
And that‘s why I myself have
more
questions than you do. The more you learn , the
more questions you have. You will never
learn enough ,you know.‖
(
)1.
The learned man drew two circles to show _____.
A. he was good at drawing circles
B. his knowledge had something to do
with the circles
C. why he had more
questions than the students
D. how he could get more knowledge
(
)2.
The student didn
’
t agree
that ______.
A.
the teacher had so many questions as a learned man
B. the teacher
had so many questions
C. the students
had fewer questions than the teacher
D. the students had more
questions than 0the teacher
(
)3.
The teacher was famous for his ______.
A. kindness
B.
knowledge
C. patience
D. questions
(
)4.
From the passage we can learn that_____.
A. the more
questions we have, the more knowledge we may get
B. it‘s never
too old to learn
C. every one of us should
try to be a learned man
D. a teacher should have many questions
(
)5
．
Which of the
following shows us what the teacher drew?
F
Many
people
go
to
school
for
an
education.
They
learn
languages,
history,
politics,
geography,
physics,
chemistry and mathematics. Others go to school to
learn a skill so that they can make a
living.
School
education
is
very
important
and
useful .Yet,
no
one
can
learn
everything
from
school. A teacher, no matter how much
he knows, can not teach his students everything
they want
to know. The teacher‘s job is
to show his students how to learn. He teaches them
how to read and
how to think. So, much
more is to be learned outside school by the
students themselves.