-
英汉篇章翻译
课时安排:
2
节
教学目的要求:
了解如何使用各种技巧进行篇章的翻译。
教学重
点:
把握在语篇翻译中使用各种翻译技巧,
了解科技语篇翻译的
特点、
难点及其处理。
教学难点:
科技用语的翻译。
教学内容:
Spaceships of the Future
1. The furthest
we have been is the Moon. If we want to travel
into deep space, beyond our
own
backyard, the Solar System, w
e’ll never
need a new breed of spacecraft.
(省略)
我们迄今所到过最远的地方是月球。要想穿越地球的后院
p>
—
太阳系,进入外层空间,我
们需要一种新
型的宇宙飞船。
2. It may be the oldest
cliché
in town, but in the not too
distant future science fiction will turn
into science fact. The fantastic
spaceships of
sci-fi comic
books and novels will no longer be a
figment of our creative imagination;
they may be the real vision of our future.
p>
飞天,也许是城里人老掉牙的传说。
(也许是老生常谈)
。但在不久的将来,科幻小说将
变成科学事实。
科
幻连环图画杂志和小说中各种奇特怪异的宇宙飞船,
将不再是人类创造性
的一点空想,它们可能是将来的真实情景(景象)
。
[
技巧点拨:缩略词的翻译
]
1)
首字母缩写
acronym
PC
personal
computer
个人电脑
IDDD international direct distance
dialing
国际长途直拨
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
脱氧核糖核酸
DOS
disc operation system
磁盘操作系统
CPU
central processing unit
中央处理器
Telecom
telecommunication
电信
2)
拼凑法
Sicom
situation comedy
情景喜剧
Psywar
psychological war
心理战
Biorhythm
biological rhythm
生物节奏
Comsat
communication satellite
通信卫星
Minicom
miniature computer
微型电脑
Telecon
telephone conference
电话会议
(以上例子出自陈秋劲,<
/p>
P119
,
郭著章,
P
231
)
3.
Engineers
and
designers
are
already
designing
craft
capable
of
propelling
us
beyond
the
Earth’s orbit, the Moon and the
planets. They’re designing interstellar spaceships
capable of travel
across the vast
emptiness of deep space to distant stars and new
planets in our unending quest to
conquer
and
discover.
Our
Universe
contains
over
a
billion
galaxies;
star
cities
each
with
a
hundred billion
inhabitants. Around these stars must exist planets
and perhaps life. The temptation
to
explore these new realms is too great.
工程师和设计者已在着手进行飞船
的设计工作,这种飞船能将人类送离地球的轨道,月
球甚至是(九大)行星之外的太空。
他们正在设计能穿越浩瀚的外层空间,
到达遥远的恒
星和新的行星,
以助人类实现不断征服和揭开宇宙奥秘的追求。
整个宇宙拥有十几亿个星系,
每个星系就是一座星城,上有
“
居民
”
千亿颗。这些恒星
周围必定有行星,也许有生命存在。
探索这些未知(新)的领域(王国)实在太具吸引力
了。
4. First things first---
we’ll have to build either a giant
orbitin
g launch platform, far bigger
than
the International Space
Station(ISS), or a permanently manned lunar base
to provide a springboard
for the stars.
Some planners feel we should limit ourselves to
robotic probes, but others are firmly
committed
to
sending
h
umans.
“There’s
a
debate
right
now
about
how
to
explore
space”,
says
astronaut Bill Shepherd, destined to be
the first live-
board Commander of the
ISS. “Humans or
machines
—I
think they’re complementary”.
重要的
事情先来。
我们必须建造一座巨型的轨道发射台,
其规模要远远
大雨国际空间站,
或者,
建立一个永久性有人入驻的月球基地,
作为飞往周围恒星的
“
跳板
”
。
一些设计者认为,
我
们应该控制在机器探测的限度内,而其他设计者则坚决主张将人送入太空。
“
目前正在就
如何探索太空的问题展开辩论,
”
p>
宇航员比尔
谢
泼得如是说。他被任命为国际空间站的首
任驻站指挥官,
“
p>
人或机器
——
我们认为两者是相辅相成的。
”
The human problems
5.
Space
is
the
most
hostile
environment
we
will
ever
explore.
Even
a
single
five-hour
spacewalk requires months of training,
and a vast technical backup to keep it safe. The
astronauts
and
cosmonauts
who live aboard the ISS will
be there for only a few weeks or
months; if we
want to travel
into
deep space it could take years.
First we’ll have to find out just how long the
human body can survive in a weightless
environment. In zero gravity, four pints of body
fluid rush
from the legs to the head
where it stays for the duration of the mission.
Astronauts often feel as if
they have a
permanent cold, and disorientation can become a
major problem. In space there’s no
physical sensation to let you know when
you’re upside down and astronauts have to rely on
visual
clues from their surroundings. A
few hours after reaching orbit, one in three of
all astronauts will
experience
space
sickness---a
feeling
rather
like
carsickness.
And
weightless
conditions
lead
to
calcium being leached
from the bones, and problems with the astronauts’
immune systems.
Astronaut:
person who travels in a
spacecraft
宇航员、航天员、太空人
Astronomy: scientific study of the sun,
moon, stars, planets etc.
天文学
Cosmonaut:
Russian
astronaut
(
俄罗斯的
)
宇航员
,
太空人
;cosmology
scientific
study
of
the
universe
and its origin and development
宇宙学
Taikonaut:
中国太空人
太空是
人类探索的最为恶劣的环境。即便是一趟
5
小时的太空行走,也
需要数月的强化
训练,
以及庞大
(大量
)的技术支持来确保安全。居住在国际空间站的美苏宇航员将只在太
空中逗留几周或几个
月;但假使我们想要进入太阳系外的外层空间,则需要好几年。首先,
我们得确定人体在
失重的情况下能坚持多久。
在零重力(失重)的环境中,有将近
4
品脱的
血液会从腿部流向头部,
并且
,
这种状况一直会持续要太空任务结束为止。
宇航员会有一种<
/p>
持久的寒冷感,
搞不清方向将是他们遇到的最大问题。
在太空中,
你无法从生理上感知自己
是倒立还是站
着,宇航员只能通过观察周围的环境以作出判断。在进入轨道后的几小时内,
三名宇航员
中便会有一人会出现宇宙病(太空病)
——
一种类似晕车的感觉
。同时,失重的
环境会导致钙质从骨骼中流失,并引起宇航员免疫系统紊乱。
[
技巧点拨:搭配与对策
]
有些短语在一种语言中搭配完全没有问题,
但到另一种语言中,
如果死译过去,
会出现搭配
不当问题。
1) Space is the most
hostile
environment we will
ever explore.
Hostile: showing strong dislike or
enmity, very unfriendly
显示极厌恶的,含敌意的,极不友好的