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(完整版)情态动词的用法和练习题

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2021-02-01 15:00
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2021年2月1日发(作者:fman)


情态动词的用法和练习题




















情态动词的用法和练习



< p>
1



can


< p>
could (could



can


的过去式


)



的基本用法



(1)


表示能力,如:


He can speak English better than you.


< br>(2)


在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:


Can


this


green


bike be Liu Dong's?


< br>(3)


表示“许可”时


can


可 以和


may


换用,如:


You can (may) go home now.



(4)


如果要表示语气婉转,


可用


could


代替


can


,这时


coul d


不再是


can


的过去式,

< p>
如:


Could you come again tomorrow?



(5)can



be able to


都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是


can


只能有现


在式和过去式,而


be able to


则有更多的形式,如:


He will be able to do the work better.






2



may



might (might



may


的过去式


)


的基本用法






(1)


表 示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:


You may use my dictionary.



在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不 可以做某事”时,一般多不用


may




may


not


,以

< br>避免语气生硬或不容气。


而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。


如:


---- May I use this dictionary?


----


Yes,


please.





----


Certainly.



在请求对方许可时,如果


Might


I



?


就比用


May


I



?



语气更婉转些,


如:


May I have a look at your new computer?


< p>
但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”


对方做某事时,


要用


must not


代替


may not



如:


---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you


mustn



t. It



s too dangerous.



(2)may



might


都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用


might


表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:


T hey



may (might) be in the library now .



3


、< /p>


must


的基本用法


< br>(1)must


表示“必须”、


“应该”之意,


其否定式



must not


,缩写形式为



mustn't




示“不应该”,

< br>“不准”、


“不许可”或“禁止”之意,


如:

< p>
We must study hard and make


progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.



(2)


对以


must


提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用

needn't


或用


don't


(doesn't) have


to


(





)


来回答,而不用


mustn't


,因为


mustn't


表示的是“禁止”或“不 许可”之意,


如:


---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must


finish




it in three days. (3)


在肯定句中


must


可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之


意,如:


---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just


bought him a new one.



4



can, could, may, must


后接完成式的用法



1


/


8


情态动词的用法和练习题



(1)can, could


后接完成式的用法:


①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的


“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态 度,


Could he have said so?


②在肯 定句中,可以表示过去可能


做到而实际并没做到的事情,


有“劝 告”或“责备”的语气。


如:


---- When did you answer


her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.



(2)may, might


后接完成式的用法



①表示 对过去某事的推测,


认为某一件事情在过去


可能发生了。


如果使用


might



语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,


如:


Mary might have learned


some Chinese before.


②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实



际 没有做到的事情,


有“劝告”


或“责备”的语气,如:


You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.



( 3)must


后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到



了,


如:


Liu Dong isn



t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.



5



have to



的基本用法:


have to< /p>



must


的意义相近,只是

< p>


must


侧重表示说话人的

主观看法,而


have to


则表示客观需要,如:


I must study hard. I had to give it up because of


illness.

















































6



ought to


的基本用法



(l)


表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,


语气比


s hould


强,


例如:


Everyon e ought


to obey the traffic regulations.




(2)


表示推测,注意与


must


表示推测时 的区别:


He must be home by now .(


断定他已


到家


)


< br>He ought to be home by now .(


不十分肯定


)



This is where the oil must be.(


比较直



)




This is where the oil ought to be. (


比较含蓄


)< /p>




(3)



ought + have+



过去分词”表示过去应做某事而



实际未做。例如:


You ought to


have helped him. (but you didn



t)


这时,


ought



< p>
should


可以互相换用。注意,在美国英


语中


ought


to


< br>用于否定和疑问句时


to


可以省略。例如:


Ought


you


smoke


so


much?


You


oughtn



t smoke so much.








7



dare


的基本用法


(l)dare (dared


为其过去式


)



作情态动词用时,


主要用于否定句,


疑问句和条 件从句中,


如:


Dared he break the traffic regulations again?



( 2)


在现代英语中


dare


常用作行为 动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:


She dares


to stay at home alone at night.



8


< br>need


的基本用法



(1)n eed


作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:


He


needn't


worry


about


us now.



(2)need


也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问 句中,其后可接名词、


代词、


动名词或带


to



的动词不定式为其宾语。


如:


You need to practise reading aloud every


2


/


8


情态动词的用法和练习题



day. (3)needn't


后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:


---- Did you


answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn



t have answered it.



9



shall


的基本用法



(1)sha ll


用作情态动词时,


用于第二、


三人 称,


表示说活人的意愿,


可表示“命令”、

“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:


He shall go first, whether he wants


to or not.



(2)


在疑问句中,


shall


用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示 ,


如:


Shall I open the door?



10


< br>should


的基本用法



(1 )should


作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:


You


should learn from each other.



(2)should


后 接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做


的事情。如:


You should have give him more help.



11


< br>will


的基本用法



(1)< /p>


用于各人称,


可以表示“意志”或“决心”,

如:


I have told him again and again to


stop smoking, but he will not listen.



(2)


在疑问句中用 于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,如:


Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will


可以表示一种习惯性的


动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意,如:


Every morning he will have a walk along this river.


12



would


的基本用法



(1)would


作为

< br>will


的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”,


如:


He promised



he would never smoke again.





























(2)


在 疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,


比用


will


的气更加婉转,如:


Would you like some more coffee?




(3)


在日常生活中,


学用“


I would like to


…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意 ,



使语气婉转,如:


I would like to do Ex.2 first.



(4)w ould


可以表示过去的习惯动作,比


used to


正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含


义。如:


L ast year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. /


During the vacation he would visit me every week.




(5)


表料想或猜想,如:


It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be


doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.



3


/


8


情态动词的用法和练习题



13



used to, had better, would rather


的用法



(1)used to


表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存 在,在间接引语中,其形式可不


变,例如:


He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young.



在疑问句、否定句、否


定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。疑问句:


Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same


school as your brother?



否定句:


I usedn



t to / didn



t use to go there. (usedn



t


< br>也可写作


usen



t)


;否定疑问句:


Usen


< br>t you to/ Didn



t you use to be interested in the theatre?



强调


句:


I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.



其反意疑问句或简略回


答中 ,也有两种形式:


She used to be very fat. didn



t she?/ use(d)n



t she? Did you use to


play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.



(2)had better


意为“最好”,后接不带


to


的不定式,例如:


---- We had better go now .


---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn



t we better stop now? (Had we better not


stop now?)/ I think I



d better be going. (


用于进行时态,表“最好立即”


)/ You had better


have done that (


用于完成时态,表未完成动作


)



注:


had better


用于同辈或 小辈,对长辈不


可用。



(3)would rather


意为“宁愿”,


表选择,


后接不带


to


的不 定式,


例如:


I


d rather not


say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn



t you rather stay here? ---- No,


I would not. I



d rather go there.



由于


would rather


表选择,



< p>
而后可接


than



例如 :


I would


rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I


would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I



d rather you


didn



t talk about this to anyone. (


句中的



'd rather


不是情态动词,


w ould



在此是表愿望的


实义动词< /p>


)



情态动词练习



1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.





A. were










B. should








C. will









D. can



2.



I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a







business conference.






A. should have sent













B. were going to send






C. should be sending












D. should send



3. Let's take a walk, ________?













A. will we





B. don't we





C. do we





D. shall we



4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.





A. could
















B. might











C. should











D. was able to



5.



I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see



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