-
名词对应。
（
Kinesics
）
：
the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body.
< br>（身势）
：非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。
（
etiquette
）
：
it refers to manners and
behavior considered acceptable in social and
business situations.
(
礼仪
):
它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的
,
在社会和商业管理硕士
学位。
(pragmatics)
：
it
is the study of how speakers use the language to
reach successful communication, and the study of
the effect that language has on human
perceptions and behaviors.
(
语用学
):
它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际
,
而且该研
究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。
(power
distance):the degree to which power differences
are expected and accepted by society.
(
权力距离
):
在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。
(Values): a learned organization of
rules for marking choices and for resolving
conflicts.
(
价值观
):
学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。
（
reverse culture
shock
）
:it
refers
to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to
one’s home culture after growing
used
to a new one.
(
反向文化冲击
):
它指的是
“
震惊
”
一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的家居文化体验。
(Recovery stage):a stage of culture
shock characterized by gaining some understanding
of the new culture.
(
恢复期
):
一阶段的文化冲击获得一些新的文化的理解的特点。
(Semantics): it is the
study of the meaning of words, a system that
relates words to meaning.
(
语义
):
这是含义的话，一个系统，涉及词意义的研究。
(Memo):it is a hard-copy document, used
for communicating inside an organization, usually
short.
（备忘录）
：这是一个硬拷贝文件，供组织内，
通常短暂交流使用。
(proxemics):the
study of people’s perception and use of
space.
(
空间关系学
):
人们的看法和空间利用研究。
(uncertainty avoidance):the degree to
which the society is willing to accept and deal
with ambiguity and uncertainty.
(
不确定性规避
):
在何种程度上愿意为社会接受和处理模糊性和不确定性。
(Individualism):the
degree
to
which
individual
decision-making
and
action
is
accepted
and
encouraged
by
the
society.
(
个人主义
):
在何种程度上个人决策和行动是社会所接受和鼓励。
(taboos):practices or verbal
expressions considered by a society or cultures as
improper or unacceptable.
（禁忌）
：方式或一个社会或文化视为不当或不可接受的口头表达。
(superstitions):beliefs that are
inconsistent with the knows laws of science or
what society considers to be true and
rational.
（迷信）
：信仰
与科学规律的认识还是什么社会认为是真实和理性的不一致。
(culture shock):this term expresses the
lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what
to do or how to do things in
a new
environment, and not knowing what is appropriate
or inappropriate.
（文化冲击）
：这个词
表达了缺乏方向，在不知道该怎么做或如何在新的环境的东西，不知道什么是适当或不适当的
感觉。
(rejection): a coping
mechanism against culture shock in
w
hich we think we don’t need anybody,
and we are coping
fine alone.
（拒绝）
：一对文化的冲击中，我们认为我们不需要任何人，我们是很好应付独自应
对机制。
(customs):they are
behaviors generally expected in specific
situations and are established, socially
acceptable ways
of behaving in given
circumstances.
（习俗
,
）
：他们普遍预计的具体情况和建立行为，在一定情况下
表现为社会接受的方式。
(personal
territory):it refers to the space that people have
for their own activities.
(
个人领域）
：它指的是空间，人们为自己的活动
二．正负判断。
（
< br>F,T
）
三，名词解释。
（一）
Hofstede's four cultural
dimensions (please provide examples if possible)
霍夫斯泰德的四个文化维度（请提供例子，如果可能的话）
答案：
mean: Hofstede developed
a model that identifies four primary dimensions
for diferentiating cluture .is:
1.
Power Distance
:include 1.
small power distance cluture.
2. large power distance cluture .
2. Individualism Versus Collectivism
3. Masculinity versus Femininity
4. Uncertainty
Avoidance
For
example, the power of the United States views with
the views of Arab countries there is a big
difference to the
U.S. power is not
very fancy, they pay more attention to personal
ability to play, the pursuit of power to be a lot
less
than the Arab countries; Arab
countries due to national Institutional relations,
focusing on the power of binding, thus,
the Arab countries, institutions,
whether government departments or enterprises are
more or less with the power of
color. <
/p>
（比如，美国对权力的看法跟阿拉伯国家的看法就存在很大的差异，美国不是很看中权力，
他们更注重个人能力的发
挥，对权力的追求比阿拉伯国家要逊色不少；阿拉伯国家由于国
家体制的关系，注重权力的约束力，由此，阿拉伯国
家的机构，不管是政府部门或者企业
都多多少少带有权力的色彩。
）
(
二
) low context
culture (please provide an examples if possible)
低语境文化（请提供一个例子，如果可能的话）
答案
the low
context culture is the listener knows very little
and must be told practically everything.
低语境文化就是听众知道很少，几乎一切都必须被告知
)
Example:1: A German, an American, a
Japanese to the same restaurant, ordered a
hamburger are the result of the
negligence of the cook the meat of the
three have burned the hamburgers, and asked the
three people would say
German paste directly criticize the
meat, criticized the chef;
Americans said that although the meat
tastes very good, but bread, salad, shallot taste
pretty good;
The Japanese
would say, bread, salad, onion is delicious.
(
一个德国人，一个美国人，一个日
本人到同一家餐厅，
都点了一个汉堡，结果由于厨师的疏忽把三个汉堡中的肉
都烤糊了，问，三个人会对此次说什么
:
德国人会
直接批判这个糊了的肉，批评这个厨师；美国人会说，虽然肉的口味
不太好，但是面包，
沙拉，香葱的味道还不错；
日本人会说，面包，沙拉，香葱的味道不错。
)
2. American contracts are usually about
ten times longer than French contracts. Americans
like to have a lot of the
context
stated French don’t care very much about the
explanation,as much of the information is taken
for granted.
（三）
high context culture
(please provide an examples if possible)
答案：
the high context culture
is listener is already
‘contexted’ and
so does not need to be given much background
information.
（在高语境文化监听器已经
'contexted'
等并不需要给予太多的背景资料。
）
两个题目的例子可以用上一个来解释
4.
｛企业文化
(corporate
culture)
（请提供一个例子，如果可能的话）
｝
答案：
In
simple term, corporate culture is
如果记不住
,
主要这一句就可以
了
).Corporate culture is the individual
consciousness and the meaning of the general, the
energy embodied in the
enterprise
organizational behavior. Specifically
refers to the entire
staff in
the
business operation
process
of the
formation
of
training,
organizational
behavior
and
business
associate,
and
in
fact
become
the
mainstream
consciousness of
all employees to abide by the highest goals, value
system, the basic beliefs and the organization
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