-
French gesture for 'I don't believe you'
guess what this
gesture means?
?
Praise/ for me/ Good luck
/
screw you
Who
won the game of one-on-one basketball?
?
a.
The man on
the left
?
b.
The man on the right
?
a.
She will ask them to sit somewhere else.
?
b. She will
stare at the space
?
c. She
will leave, saying nothing to the three people who
invaded her personal space.
?
Two business people are
sitting at a negotiation table. One is from Africa
and one is from Europe.
The African
businessman is putting his index finger to his
temper, which means he is thinking how to
start negotiating with has counterpart.
The gesture seems to annoyed the European
businessman, who
has got impatient and
stands up and shouts, “Why do you say at the
beginning of our negotiation that
I?m
crazy?” The African, himself, is confused and is
at a loss as to what has gone wrong.
Intercultural
Non-verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
More than 55% messages are communicated
nonverbally!
People turn to believe
nonverbal codes when they contradict the verbal
ones!
tion:
?
Nonverbal
communication
involves
all
nonverbal
stimuli
in
a
communication
setting
that
is
generated
by
both
the
source
and
his
or
her
use
of
the
environment
and that
has
potential
message
value for the source
or receiver. (Samovar and Porter, 2004)
?
Nonverbal
communication
is
the
communication
using
our
bodies,
gestures
and
tones
of
voice
—
everything
except the actual words we use.
Definition: (2)
?
“Metacommunication
(beyond
the
usual
communication),
paralinguistics,
second
-order
messages,
the silent
language, and the hidden dimension of
communication.” (Hal
l, 1959)
Definition in Chinese
?
一个人（或多个人）不利用言语形式或只利用副语言形式所传达的信息被另一个人（或多个
人）接收的交际行为。
?
非言语交际包括在交际中认为的和环境产生的对于传播者或受传者含有潜在信息的
所有的刺
激，简单地说就是
“
不用语言
的交际
”
，被称作
”
< br>无声的语言
“
。非语言交际在人类交际中非常重
要。因为它最能反映一个人的情感或情绪状态。
Overview of
Nonverbal Communication
2. Different
categorization
安德逊（
Andersen
，见
Samovar et al
．
，
1991
：
287)
的分类系统
:
（
1
）时间学
(chronemics)
——
研究人们利用时间的方式及其意义。
（
2
）空间学（
< br>proxemics
）
——
研究
人际距离及空间使用方式及其意义
m
（
3
）
身势学
（
kinesics
）
——
研究人们的
面部表情
（
facial expression
）
、
身体动作
（
body movements
）
、
手势（
gestures
）等。
（
4
）体触学（
haptics
）
——
研究身
体接触所传达的信息。
（
5
）外表（
physical app
earance
）
——
研究人们的肤色
、衣着打扮及身体形态等。
（
6
）目光
学（
oculesics
）
——
研究人们通过目光接触（
eye contact
）
，眨眼（
blinks
）
，眼珠
转动（
eye
movements
）及瞳孔放大（
pupil
dilation
）等所传达的信息。
（
7
）副语言
（
paralanguage
／
vocalics
）
——
研究声音的非言语成分
（
nonverbal
elements
）
所传达的信息。
（
8
）嗅觉学（
olfactics
）
——
研究人们如何通过气味来传达信息。
Act
out the following ideas:
?
Me?
?
Stop.
?
No.
?
Come here.
?
I?m full.
?
It?s smelly
here.
?
I don?t
know.
?
Go away.
?
I can?t hear
it.
?
I am
surprised.
?
We share a
secret.
?
Everything is fine.
?
I?m warning you.
?
I feel embarrassed.
?
I cannot believe this
nonsense.
?
Oops, I forgot
it.
1. Repeating:
using verbal message to
repeat a point one tries to make.
?
e.g. knocking
the table while saying, “silence,
please.”
2.
Complementing:
closely
related
to
repeating.
Although
messages
that
repeat can
stand
alone,
complementing generally adds more
information to messages.
?
e.g. Smiling and saying,
“Welcome!”
3. conveying:
convey our emotions and our attitudes towards the
people we are communicating with.
4.
Substituting:
we
use
substitution
in
nonverbal
communication
when
we
perform
some
action
instead of speaking.
5.
Regulating:
we
often
regulate
and
manage
communication
by
using
some
form
of
nonverbal
behavior. Our nonverbal behavior helps
us control the situation.
6.
Contradicting:
on
some
occasions,
our
nonverbal
actions
send
signals
opposite
from
the
literal
meanings contained in our verbal
messages.
1.1
Body Language
?
Body language refers to all
nonverbal codes which are associated with body
movements.
?
Body
language includes gestures, head
movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors,
postures and
other displays that can be
used to communicate.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U5
下一篇：雅思阅读同义词替换表