-
宾补的定义
语法
2008-10-13 20:57:03
阅读
816
评论
2
字号：大中小
订阅
有些
及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足
语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。主要有下面几种类型：
1.
名词（或代词）
+
名词
She found
him a very clever boy.
2. <
/p>
名词（或代词）
+
形容词
He had a strange way of making his
class lively and interesting.
3.
名词（或代词）
+
副词或介词短语
Last Sunday I
saw you out with your sister.
To her surprise, she found
herself in a different world.
4.
名词（或代词）
+
分词（分词短语）
I saw him
doing his homework when I passed his window.
I was absent-minded when I
heard my name called.
注意：
在用现在分词或不定式作宾语
补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不
定式作宾语补足语；
还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：
1<
/p>
）、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：
catch,
keep, mind, prevent, stop(
阻止
)
等。
She caught
her son smoking a cigarette.
His words
started me thinking.
2
）、只能用不
定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
wish, desire, expect,
love, prefer, trust, encourage, let,
allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put,
hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request,
worry, advise,
persuade, call on, tell,
order, command, require, make, force, drive,
forbid, warn, help, teach, show,
assist, report, bear, wait for, think,
take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe,
allow, prove, declare
等。
Their parents don’t allow him to stay
out late.
他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。
3
）
、
既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾
语补足语的动词有
：
see, watch, notice,
look at, observe, listen
to, hear,
feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want,
understand, hate, get, set,
leave
等。
She was
seen running away from the scene of the crime.
有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开。
I
saw you put the key in your pocket.
我见你把钥匙放进了口袋。
5. <
/p>
名词（或代词）
+
不定式
1).to do
The villagers
did not allow them to build a factory there.
（
ask tell beg
force wish
want expect
advise permit order
persuade
）
2)
省略
to
的不定式
使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号
to
的取舍问题：
1
）
、在
hear,
listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice,
observe
等动词后的不定式需省去
to
。
2
）、
feel
一词，跟
to be
型不定式带
to
；跟
to do
型不定式不带
to
。
3
）、
help
一词后的不定式，可带
to
，也可以不带
to
。
6.
名词（或代词）
+
从句
We will make our hometown what
your hometown is now.
7.
常见<
/p>
with+
复合宾语有下列几种形式：
1
）
with
＋名词／代词＋形容词
It is not good manners to
speak with your mouth full
．
满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。
2
）
with
＋名词／代词＋副词
The city looks more beautiful with all
the lights
on
．所有的灯亮起来，这城市看起来更漂亮了。
3
）
with
＋名词／代词＋介词短语
The woman with a baby on
her back lives downstairs
．
这个背着婴儿的妇女住在楼下。
4
）
wit
h
＋名词／代词＋不定式，不定式表示主动、将来的动作。
With you to help us, we are sure to
finish the work on
time
．有你来帮忙，我会按时完成任务的。
With so much work to do, we can’t kill
any time by playing cards
．
有这么多工作要做，我们没有时间打扑克。
< br>5
）
with
＋名词／代词＋<
/p>
-ing
形式，
-ing
形式表示主动或动作正在进行。
With a
boy leading the way, they started towards the vill
age
．由一个男孩带路，他们朝那个村子走
去。
6
）
< br>with
＋名词／代词＋过去分词，过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。
With the problems settled, we
all felt very happy
．
问题解决了，我们都感到很高兴。
7
）
with
＋名词／代词＋名词
China is a great country, with
its capital Beijing.
中国是一个伟大的国家，首都是北京。
8.
结构：主
+
谓语
+ it +
宾补
+
真正宾语
I found it
pleasant to be with your family.
We
think it out duty that we should help the poor.
在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或
that
从句来充当。这时，应使用先行
it
代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：
I felt it necessary to speak about our
shortcomings.
Do you consider it any
good trying again?
We all thought it a
pity that you couldn’t join us.
注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：
feel, find, think,
make,
take, judge, consider
等。
5
．名词
(
或代词
)+
分词
(
分词短语
)
[
举例
](1)we saw the
puples playing
basketball
．我们看见学生们在打篮球。
(2)we mustn’t leave the
work half done
．我们不要让这工作半途而废。
[
辨析
]
现在
分词和不定式作宾语补足语的意义有些不同。后者指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发
生了这事；前者指正在进行的动作的一部分，目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前，相当于
进行时态。
[
举例
](1)I saw him
go upstairs
．我看见他上楼去了。
(
强调上楼的全过程
)
(2)I saw him going upstairs
．
我看见他在上楼。
(
强调上楼的动作进行
)
6
．如果宾语不是一个
名词或代词，而是一个从句，不定式或动名词，这时通常要用一个
it(
形式宾
语
)
代替它，把从句、
不定式，或动名词放到句子后部去。
[
举例
](1)They found
it strange that no one would like to answer the
question
．
他们觉得很奇怪，竟然没有人愿意回答这个问题。
(2)I feIt it my duty to report it to
the police
．我觉得有责任把这事报告给警察。
(3)I think it unwise going on with the
work
．我认为继续干是不明智的
.
[
例
1]You’ll find
this map of great ____in helping you to go round
London.
A
．
price
B
．
cost
C
．
value
D
．
usefulness
思路分析
< br>本题考查的是
of+
形容词
+<
/p>
抽象名词结构
。
这种结构的词义相当于其
中抽象名词的形容词意义
。
如
：
of
great
，
value=valuable
of great use=useful
of great help=helpful
of little hope=hopeless
[
答案
]C
2007-09-17 21:
18
有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句意完整，这个补足成分
就叫做宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成
复合宾语。
复合宾语主要有下面几种类型：
1
．名词
(
或代词
)+
< br>不定式
[
举例
](1)The doctor
advised me to stop
smoking
．医生劝我戒烟。
(2)She told to me to finish the work as
soon as possible
．
她告诉我要尽快完成工作
。
宾
语
补足语
(3)I feel my
heart beat fsst
．我感到心跳得快。
[
拓展
]
在被动语态的句子中，宾语补足语就变成了主语的补足语。
[
举例
](1)We are
advised to wait
．有人劝我们等着。
(2)They are allowed to talk in the
classroom after class
．
课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。
[<
/p>
注意
]
在动词
m
ake
，
hear
，
< br>listen to
，
feel
，
see
，
watch
，
look at
，
noti
ce
，
observe
，
have
，
let
等
后的补足语中，不定式不带
to
。
[
举例
](1)Nobody saw
him come in
．没人看见他进来。
(2)Look at the horse
run
．看那匹马跑。
[
注意
]
当这些动词在被动语态中作谓语时，后面的
不定式就不能省去
to
。
[
举例
]They were
heard to sing a
song.
有人听到他们唱了一首歌。
2
．名词
(
或代词
< br>)+
名词
[
举例
](1)The
government appointed her chief delegate to the
conference
．
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。
(2)we all call the boy
Da Mao
．我们都称那男孩大毛。
3
．名词
(
或代词
)+
形容词
[
举例
](1) He proved
himself worthy of
confidence
．他证明他是值得信任的。
(2)I hope to see you
well soon
．我希望你的病早些好。
4
．名词
(
或代词
)+
介词短语或副词
[
举例
](1)Please
make yourself at home
．请随便一点。
(2)He ordered them
away
．他命令他们离开。
（六）不定式作宾语补足语
1.
常接带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
ask, tell, want,
teach, wish
等；
2.
接不带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
see, watch, hear,
make, let advise, allow, ask,
beg,
command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help,
encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request,
order,
warn,
cause
等。
I often see him play football.
She often asks me to help
her.
We don't allow such
things to happen again.
Most of the
parents agree to forbid their children to
smoke.
She asked me to answer the
phone in her absence.
Please remind
me to leave her this note.
She requested
him to go with her.
3.
用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明：
①
help
后面作宾语补足语的动词不
定式可以带
to
也可以不带
to
。
如：
I often help my mother(to)
do some housework.
②在使役动词后作
宾语补足语，不定式不带
to
。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语
时省去了
to
，这些
动词有：
一感二听三让四观看。
这类动词有：
make, let, have
等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带
to
的不定式<
/p>
(have
没有被动语
态
)
。
What would you have me
do?
你要我做什么？
She made him give up
smoking.
她让他戒了烟。
Let him do whatever he
wishes to do.
他想干什么就让他干吧。
Though he had often made his little
sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little
sister.
虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了
3.
掌握
“
使役动词
have +
宾语＋过去分词
”
的几种含义
在
“ have
＋宾语＋过去分词<
/p>
”
结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，
have
也可用
get
。这一结构具有
以下几种含义：
①意为
“
主
语请别人做某事
”
。例如：
He wants to have his eyes
examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼
睛。（
“
检查
”
的动作由医生来进行）
②意为<
/p>
“
主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情
”
。例如：
Be careful, or you'll have your hands
hurt.
当心，否则会弄伤手的。
③意为
“
使完成某事
”
，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。
He had the walls painted
this morning.
他今早把墙漆了。
（主语自己可能参与）
④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。
I'm waiting for James to
arrive.
我正等着詹姆斯的到来。
He's arranged for a car to pick them up
at the station.
他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
The UN has called on both sides to
observe the cease
fire.
联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。
（七）分词作宾语补足语
用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示
宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1.
跟分词作宾补的动词有
：
catch,
have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make,
want, start, notice,
observe, watch,
set
等。例如：
There was so much noise that the
speaker couldn’t make himself heard.
由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found
himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
2.
几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明：
①表示
“
意
欲；命令
”
的动词如
like, want, wish, order
等，可用过去分词
作宾语补足语。例如：
The father wants his daughter taught
the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
②感官动词
see, hear,
notice, observe, watch, feel, find
等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
I saw an old man knocked
down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
③使役动词
have, get,
make, leave, keep
等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
Have you got your films
developed?
你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
④
“ with
< br>＋宾语＋过去分词
”
结构中，过去分词用作介词
with
的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句
中
作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
The murderer was brought
in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）
With water heated, we can
see the steam.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：期末考试高2-2015
下一篇：SHL Verbal Reasoning备考题集