大学英语四级考试题型及参考答案-(第一套)

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英语四级

真题解析及参考答案

Part I

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions

:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to

write

a

news report to your campus newspaper

on a volunteer activity organized by your Student

Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood

. You should write at least 120 words but no more

than180 words.

【参考范文】

:

On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local

Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.

The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help

elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered

to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their

meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about tho

se volunteers’

feelings

about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying

“what a wonderful practice and

I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.”

All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students

involved.

【参考范文译文】

:

6

月

14

日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老 院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其

中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。

< br>

此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。 许多学生主

动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。 问及参与此次

活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道

“

加关爱那些有困难的 人

”

总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大 成功，不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，对于参与的学生来

说也是意义良多。

Part III

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Section A

The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It

has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.

In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could

make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and

put them on the road.

“Michigan’s

29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and

countries which desire to 30

our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator

Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.

If all four bills pass as written, they would 32

a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that

allowed the testing of self- driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly

total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send

groups of self-driving cars on cross- state road trips, and even set on-demand 33 of self-driving cars,

like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.

Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of

self-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far

more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of

self-driving technology.

A) bid

B) contrast C) deputy D) dominance E) fleets F) knots G) legislation

I) replace

J) represent k) restrictive L) reward

M) significant N) sponsor O) transmitted

【参考答案】

26-30 HAGDI31-35 NJEBK;

Section B:

How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100

A.

Today in the United States there are 72,000

centenarians

（百岁老人）

.Worldwide, Probably

450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US

alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies

born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the

UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live

to 107.

B.

Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the

associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently

needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens

when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate

longevity

(

长寿

) with

issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.

C.

Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this

will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not

only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that

“70 is

the new 60”

or

“40 the new 30.”

If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you

are in some sense younger for longer.

D.

But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make

commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career.

These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of

Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that

milestone

里程碑

)had shifted to age 29.

E.

While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization

for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can

be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early

commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously

characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior

and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.

F.

Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes,

unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in

your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s,

there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s.

But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of

potential inactivity is harmful to

cognitive

(

认知的

) and emotional vitality. Many people may

simply not want to do it.

G.

And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening

that second stage of full- time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life,

but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive

skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.

H.

The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in

childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you

factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become

unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their

life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.

A.

It seems likely, then, that the traditional three- stage life will evolve into multiple stages

containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be

different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in

another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding

options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social

Contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide

Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.

J) Transitions between stages could be marked with

sabbaticals

(

休假

) as people find tim rest and

recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks

and transitions will be self- determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or

industries cease to exist.

K

）

A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also

in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and

even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is

why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will

become even more crucial skills.

L

）

These multi- stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because

there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.

M

）

With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stage life,

people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family

at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move

into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate

at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.

N

）

Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with

the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three- stage life of full-time education, followed by

continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even

grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue

of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It

is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.

36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.

37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.

38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.

39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their

parents or grandparents.

40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.

41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people

’s approach to life.

42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.

43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and

emotional well-being.

44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.

45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.

【参考答案】

36-40 IGDNA 41-45 KHFMC