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常用的数学符号英文读法
一、一般符号对应的英文单词
．
period
句号
，
comma
逗号
：
colon
冒号
；
semicolon
分号
！
exclamation
惊叹号
？
question mark
问号
─ hyphen 连字符
’
apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号
—
dash
破折号
‘’single
quotation marks 单引号
“”double
quotation marks 双引号
( )
parentheses
圆括号
[
] square brackets
方括号
《
》
French quotes
法文引号；书名号
...
ellipsis
省略号
¨
tandem colon 双点号
同上
‖
parallel
平行
双线号
／
virgule
斜线号
＆
ampersand = and
～
swung dash
代字号
§ section;
division 分节号
→ arrow
箭号；参见号
＋
plus
加号；正号
－
minus
减号；负号
? plus or
minus 正负号
× is multiplied by
or
cross
叉乘
÷ is divided by 除号
＝
is equal to
等于号
≠ is not
equal to 不等于号
≡ is
equivalent to 全等于号
≌
is equal to or
approximately equal to
等于或约等于号
≈ is
approximately equal to 约等于号
＜
is less than
小于号
＞
is more than
（
is greater
than
在数学中更常用）
大于号
≤
is not less
than
不小于号
≥
is not more
than
不大于号
? is
less than or equal to 小于或等于号
? is more than or equal to
大于或等于号
％
per cent
百分之?
? per mill
千分之?
1
∞ infinity 无限大号
∝
varies as
与?成比例
√ (square)
root 平方根
∵
since;
because
因为
∴
hence
所以
∷
equals, as (proportion)
等于，成比例
∟
angle
角
?
semicircle
半圆
≦
circle
圆
○ circumference
圆周
π
pi
圆周率
△
triangle
三角形
≧
perpendicular to
垂直于；另外
normal
to
，
right
to
也都有垂直的意思。
∪
union of
并，合集
∩
intersection of 交，通集
∫ the
integral of ?的积分
∑ (sigma)
summation of 总和
? degree
度
? minute 分
? second 秒
＃
number
?号
℃
Celsius
system
摄氏度
＠
at
单价
∏
pi
. dot
(
点乘就是
centered dot)
?
：偏微分符号
,?
读作
round
法国人发明的
.
偏导数英文翻译为
partial derivative,<
/p>
因此有时读为
partial.
还有一种
读法
,
念成
round
?
：是希腊字母
δ
的古典写
法
,
数学里只用作表示偏导数的记号
,
在表示偏导数的时候
,
一般不
念字母名称
,
中国人大多念作
< br>“
偏
”,(
例如
z
对
x
的偏导数
,
念作
“
偏
z
偏
x”.)
(
简单的把
?y/?x<
/p>
读成偏
y
比偏
x
)
倒三角符号
▽读
“
Nabla
”
,
奈不拉
,
也可以读作“Del”，读
nabla
的居多，
Del
在某些英文书里会见到。<
/p>
nabla
符号本身具有不同的功能，当它按不同的乘法规
则作用于函数时会分别得到
f’ f prime f
撇
A
上面一个横杠：
A bar
A
上面一个星星
*
：
A asterisk
A
上面一个波浪线～：
A tilde
A
的厄米共轭（注意不是加号，那个竖比横长）
：
A dagger
（
dag
ger
：短剑，匕
首）
梯度：
grandient
符号为<
/p>
grad
，散度：
divergence
符号为
div
。此时可直接读
作
grandient
（
divergence
）
of ...
2
逻辑
?
?
p
?
q
p
?
q
x
∈
A
x
?
A
A
?
B
A
?
B
A
∩
B
A
∪
B
AB
A×B
there exist
for all
p implies q / if p, then q
p if and only if q /p is equivalent to
q / p and q are
equivalent
x belongs to A / x is an
element (or a member) of A
x does not
belong to A / x is not an element (or a member)
of A
A is
contained in B / A is a subset of B
A
contains B / B is a subset of A
A cap
B / A meet B / A intersection B
A cup
B / A join B / A union B
A minus B /
the diference between A and B
A cross
B / the cartesian product of A and B
3.
Real
numbers
x+1
x-1
x?1
xy
x plus one
x minus one
x
plus or minus one
xy / x multiplied by
y
(x
-
y)(x
+
x minus
y, x plus y
y)
x
y
=
x = 5
x≠5
x
≡
y
x
≡
y
x > y
x?y
x < y
x?y
x over y
the equals sign
x equals 5
/ x is equal to 5
x (is) not equal to
5
x is equivalent to (or identical
with) y
x is not equivalent to (or
identical with) y
x is greater than y
x is greater than or equal to y
x is less than y
x is less
than or equal to y
3
0 < x <
1
0?x?1
| x |
x 2
x 3
x 4
x n
x
?
n
x
x 3
x 4
x n
zero is less than x is less than 1
zero is less than or equal to x is less
than or equal to
1
mod x / modulus x
x
squared / x (raised) to the power 2
x
cubed
x to the fourth / x to the power
four
x to the nth / x to the power n
x to the (power) minus n
(square) root x / the square root of x
cube root (of) x
fourth root (of) x
nth root (of) x
( x+y ) 2
x plus y all squared
( x y
) 2
x over y all squared
n!
x ^
x ?
x ?
x i
n factorial
x hat
x bar
x
tilde
xi / x subscript i / x suffix i
/ x sub i
the sum from i equals one to
n a i / the sum as i runs from
∑ i=1 n
a i
1 to n of
the a i
4.
Linear
algebra
‖
x
‖
OA
→
OA ?
A T
A
?
1
f( x )
f:S
→
T
x
→
y
f'( x )
f''( x )
the norm (or modulus) of x
OA / vector OA
OA / the
length of the segment OA
A transpose /
the transpose of A
A inverse / the
inverse of A
fx / f of x / the
function f of x
a function f from S to
T
x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped)
to y
f prime x / f dash x / the (first)
derivative of f with
respect to x
f double-prime
x / f double-dash x / the second derivative
4
5. Functions
of f with respect to x
triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the
third derivative of
f'''( x )
f with respect to x
f (4) ( x )
f four x / the
fourth derivative of f with respect to x
?
f
?
x
1
∫ 0 ∞
the
partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
the integral from zero to infinity
?
2 f
?
x 1 2
the
second partial (derivative) of f with respect to
x1
lim
?
x
→
0
the limit
as x approaches zero
lim
?
x
→
0
+
the limit as x approaches zero from
above
lim
?
x
→
0
the limit as x approaches zero from
below
?
log e y
Ln y
log y to the base e /
log to the base e of y / natural log
(of) y
log y to the base e /
log to the base e of y / natural log
(of) y
二、一些函数关系的读法
A
与
B
的乘积
the
___ product of A and B
（
___<
/p>
中填乘积的性质，例如外积就填
outer
，内积就填
inner)
A
乘以
B A times B or
A is multiplied by B
A/B A over B B
分之
A
的最普通读法
f(x) f of x
函数
f(x)
exp(n) e
to powers of n
e
的
n
次幂
三、
Pronunciation
of Numerals
数词的读法
als and Ordinals
基数和序数
(1)100
以内的数词
基数
序数
Roman Arabic
Numerals Numerals
罗马数字
阿拉伯数字
读法
数码
读法
I
1 one 1st the first
II 2 two 2nd the
second
III 3 three 3rd the third
IV 4 four 4th the fourth
V
5 five 5th the fifth
VI 6 six 6th the
sixth
VII 7 seven 7th the seventh
VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth
IX 9 nine 9th the ninth
X
10 ten 10th the tenth
5