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清
华
大
学
博
士
研
究
< br>生
入
学
考
试
真
题
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
(20%)
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
(10%)
?
Directions
: There are 20 incomplete
sentences in this part. For
each
sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and
D. Choose the
best one that completes
the sentence and then mark the corresponding
letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a
single line through the center.
21. The__________of the spring water
attracts a lot of visitors from
other
parts of the country
A.
clash???????????B. clarify????????????????????? C.
clarity????????????????????? D.
clatter
22. Business in this
area has been__________because prices are too
high.
A.
prosperous??????
??
B.
secretive??????
?????
C.
slack??????????
???
D. shrill
23. He
told a story about his sister who was in a
sad__________when
she was ill and had
no money.
A.
plight??????????
???
B.
polarization???????
C.
plague??????????
??
D. pigment
24. He added a__________to his letter
by saying that he would arrive
before 8
pm.
A.
presidency???????
?
B.
prestige??????????
C.
postscript????????
D.
preliminary
25. Some linguists believe that
the________age for children learning
a
foreign language is 5 to 8.
A.
optimistic???????
??
B.
optional?????????
??
C.
optimal??????????
D. oppressed
26.
It all started in 1950, when people began to build
their houses
on the__________of their
cities.
A.
paradises????????? ?????? B. omissions???????? C.
orchards????????? D.
outskirts
27.
The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the
city.
A.
presumed????????
B.
proposed?????????
C.
presented?????????
??????
D.
presided
28. The
crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand
outside.
A.
outgrew??????????
??????
B.
overthrew????????
C.
overpassed???????
D. overflew
29.
It was clear that the storm__________his arrival
by two hours.
A.
retarded
??????????
B.
retired??????????
??
C.
refrained?????????
D.
retreated
30.
This
problem
should
be
discussed
first,
for
it
takes__________over
all the
other issues.
A.
precedence??????? B. prosperity???????? C.
presumption??????? D.
probability
31.
Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her
feeling of
depression
was__________.
A.
torrent??????????
?
B.
transient??????????
C.
tensile??????????
??
D. textured
32.
Nobody
knew
how
he
came
up
with
this__________idea
about
the
trip.
A. weary?????????? ?? B.
twilight?????????? C. unanimous??????? ? D.
weird
33. The
flower under the sun would__________quickly
without any
protection.
A.
wink??????????
????
B.
withhold?????????
C.
wither??????????
??
D.
widower
34. The__________of gifted children
into accelerated classes will
start
next week according to their academic
performance.
A. segregation??????? B.
specification???????? ???? C.
spectrum??????? ??? D.
subscription
35.
He__________himself bitterly for his miserable
behavior that
evening.
A. repealed?????????? B.
resented?????????? ?????? C.
relayed?????????? ? D.
reproached
36.
Any
earthquake
that
takes
place
in
any
area
is
certainly
regarded
as a kind of a
__________event
A.
cholesterol???????? B. charcoal?????????? ??????
C.
catastrophic??????? ?????? D.
chronic
37. He cut the
string and held up the two__________to tie the
box.
A. segments?????????
?????? B. sediments?????????? ???? C.
seizures?????????? ?????? D.
secre
38.
All
the
music
instruments
in
the
orchestra
will
be__________before
it starts.
A.
civilized????????? ? B. chattered?????????? ?????
C.
chambered???????? D.
chorded
39. When the air in
a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller
space, the air is said to
be__________.
A.
commenced?????
??
B.
compressed????????
???? C.
compromised??????
D. compensated
40. She made two copies of this poem
and posted them__________to
different
publishers.
A.
sensationally????? ?? B. simultaneously???????? ?
C.
strenuously???????? D.
simply
Part Ⅲ?? Reading
Comprehension (40%)
?
Directions
:
There
are
4
reading
passages
in
this
part.
Each
passage
is followed by some
questions of unfinished statements. For each of
them there are four choices marked A,
B, C, and D. You should decide
on
the
best
choice
and
then
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
the
Answer
Sheet.
Questions 41 to 45 are
based on the following passage:
Each
year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink
ground water that
has
been
polluted
by
naturally
high
levels
of
arsenic
poison.
Finding
safe drinking water in that country can
be a problem. However,
International
Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer.
This
non-governmental organization has
developed technology to harvest
rainwater.
People
around
the
world
have
been
harvesting
rainwater
for
centuries.
It
is
a
safe,
dependable
source
of
drinking
water.
Unlike
ground
water,
rainwater contains no minerals or salts
and is free of chemical
treatments.
Best of all, it is free.
The
rainwater
harvesting
system
created
by
International
Development
Enterprises uses pipes to collect water
from the tops of buildings.
The
pipes
stretch
from
the
tops
of
buildings
to
a
two-meter
tall
storage
tank made of metal.
At the top of the tank is a so-called
“
first
-
flush”device
made
of
wire
screen.
This
barrier
prevents
dirt
and leaves in the water
from falling inside the tank.
A fitted cover sits over the
“first
-
flush” device. It
protects the
water inside the tank from
evaporating. The cover also prevents
mosquito insects from laying eggs in
the water.
Inside
the
tank
is
a
low
coat
plastic
bag
that
collects
the
water.
The
bag
sits inside another plastic bag similar to those
used to hold
grains. The two bags are
supported inside the metal tank. All total,
the water storage system can hold up to
three-thousand-five-hundred
liters
of
water.
International
Development
Enterprises
says
the
inner
bags
may
need
to
be
replaced
every
two
to
three
years.
However,
if
the
bags are
not damaged by sunlight, they could last even
longer.
International Development
Enterprises says the water harvesting
system should be built on a raised
structure to prevent insects from
eating into it at the bottom. The total
cost to build this rainwater
harvesting
system is about forty dollars. However,
International
Development
Enterprises
expects
the
price
to
drop
over
time.
The
group
says
one tank can provide a family of five with enough
rainwater to
survive a five-month dry
season.
41.
People
in
Bangladesh
can
use__________as
a
safe
source
of
drinking
water.
A. ground water??????? B.
rainwater????????? C. drinking
water????????? D. fresh
water
42. Which of the
following contributes to the low-cost of using
rainwater?
A. Rainwater is
free of chemical treatments.
B. People
have been harvesting rainwater for
centuries.
C. The water harvesting
system is built on a platform.
D.
Rainwater can be collected using pipes.
43. Which of the following actually
prevents dirt and leaves from
falling
inside the tank?
A. a
barrier?????????? B. a wire screen??????? C. a
first-flush?????????? ?????? D. a
storage tank
44.
The
bags
used
to
hold
water
are
likely
to
be
damaged
by__________.
A.
mosquito insects????????????? B. a fitted
cover
first-flush device????? D.
sunlight
???????? C. a
45. What
should
be done to prevent
insects
from
eating into
the
water
harvesting system at
the bottom?
A.
The
two
bags
holding
the
water
should
be
put
inside
the
metal
tank.
B. The
inner bags need to be replaced every two
years.
C. The water harvesting system should
be built on a platform.
D. A cover
should be used to prevent insects from eating
it.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the
following passage:
Where one
stage of child development has been left out, or
not
sufficiently experienced, the child
may have to go back and capture
the
experience
of
it.
A
good
home
makes
this
possible, for
example
by
providing the opportunity
for the child to play with a clockwork car
or toy railway train up to any age if
he still needs to do so. This
principle,
in
fact,
underlies
all
psychological
treatment
of
children
in difficulties
with their development, and is the basis of work
in
child clinics.
The
beginnings
of
discipline
are
in
the
nursery.
Even
the
youngest
baby
is taught by gradual stages to wait for
food, to sleep and wake at
regular
intervals and so on. If the child feels the world
around him
is
a
warm
and
friendly
one,
he
slowly
accepts
its
rhythm
and
accustoms
himself to
conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for
things,
particularly
for
food,
is
a
very
important
element
in
upbringing,
and
is
achieved
successfully
only
if
too
great
demands
are
not
made
before
the
child can understand them.
Every parent watches eagerly the
child's acquisition of each new
skill
—
the first
spoken words, the first independent steps, or the
beginning of reading and writing. It is
often tempting to hurry the
child
beyond
his
natural
learning
rate,
but
this
can
set
up
dangerous
feeling
of
failure
and
states
of
anxiety
in
the
child.
This
might
happen
at
any
stage.
A
baby
might
be
forced
to
use
a
toilet
too
early,
a
young
child
might
be
encouraged
to
learn
to
read
before
he
knows
the
meaning
of
the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if
a child is left
alone too much, or
without any learning opportunities, he loses his
natural
zest
for
life
and
his
desire
to
find
out
new
things
for
himself.
Learning together is a fruit source of
relationship between children
and
parents. By playing together, parents learn more
about their
children and children learn
more from their parents. Toys and games
which both parents and children can
share are an important means of
achieving
this
co-operation.
Building-block
toys,
jigsaw
puzzles
and
crossword are good examples.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of
strictness or indulgence
towards
their
children.
Some
may
be
especially
strict
in
money
matters,
others
are
severe
over
times
of
coming
home
at
night,
punctuality
for
meals or personal
cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed
represent
the needs
of
the
parents
and the
values
of
the
community
as
much as the child's own happiness and
well-being.
46. The
principle underlying all treatment of
developmental
difficulties in
children__________.
A. is to
send them to clinics
B. offers
recapture of earlier experiences
C. is
in the provision of clockwork toys and
trains
D. is to capture them before they
are sufficiently experienced
47. The
child in the nursery__________.
A. quickly learns to wait for
food
B. doesn't
initially sleep and wake at regular
intervals
C. always accepts the rhythm
of the world around them
D.
always feels the world around him is warm and
friendly
48. The
encouragement of children to achieve new
skills__________.
A. can
never be taken too far
B. should be
left to school teachers
C. will always
assist their development
D. should be
balanced between two extremes
49. Jigsaw
puzzles are__________.
A. too difficult
for children
B. a kind of building-block
toy
C. not very entertaining for
adults
D. suitable exercises for parent-
child cooperation
50. Parental controls
and discipline__________.
A. serve a
dual purpose
B.
should be avoided as much as possible
C.
reflect the values of the community
D.
are designed to promote the child's
happiness
Questions 51 to 55 are based
on the following passage:
More
than
half
of
all
Jews
married
in
U.
S.
since
1990
have
wed
people
who
aren't
Jewish.
Nearly
480,
000
American
children
under
the
age
of
ten
have
one
Jewish
and
one
non-Jewish
parent.
And,
if
a
survey
compiled
by researchers at the University of
California at Los Angeles is any
indication, it's almost certain that
most of these children will not
identify themselves as “Jewish” when
they get older.
That survey
asked college freshmen, who are usually around age
18,
about
their
own
and
their
parents'
religious
identities.
Ninety-three
percent of those with two Jewish
parents said they thought of
themselves
as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the
number
dropped
to
38
percent,
and
when
the
mother
wasn't
Jew,
just
15
percent
of the
students said they were Jewish, too.
“I think what was surprising was just
how low the Jewish
ide
ntification was in these
mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is
a professor of education at UCLA. She
directed the survey which was
conducted
over the course of more than a decade and wasn't
actually
about religious identity
specifically. But Professor Sax says the
answers to questions about religion
were particularly striking, and
deserve
a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that
interfaith
marriage works against the
development of Jewish identity among
children, but says it's not clear at
this point why that's the case.
“This
new
study
is
necessary
to
get
more
in
-depth
about
their
feelings
about
their
religion.
That's
something
that
the
study
that
I
completed
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