江苏高考英语：专题限时检测(十九) 阅读理解B篇保分练(二)

)

(

共

4

篇，限时

28

分钟

)

A

(2019 ·

南京、盐城模拟

)That competition keeps prices down is well known. But it is hard to

measure by just how much, because prices vary for all sorts of reasons, from differences in labour

costs and rents to taxes. Rising to the challenge is a new paper in The Economic Journal by Giacomo

Calzolari,

Andrea

Ichino,

Francesco

Manaresi

and

Viki

Nellas

，

economists

at

the

European

University Institute, Bologna University and the Italian central bank. They looked at pharmacies (

药

房

) and specifically at customers who may be particularly easy to rip off: new parents.

Using

data

for

2007

to

2010

covering

about

a

fifth

of

pharmacies

in

Italy,

the

researchers

measured the way in which prices of hygiene products for babies changed as the number of babies

varied. They took advantage of a peculiar law from the 1960s, according to which regions with at

most 7,500 people are allowed just one pharmacy (supposedly to keep the quality of services high).

They compared prices in places with populations just below this threshold, and just above.

The

products

studied

included

some

3,000

varieties

of

shampoos,

bath

foams,

baby

wipes,

creams and so on. Many are also used by adults on themselves. Some people, for example, prefer

suncream

labelled

“for

children”

because

of

its

high

level

of

protection.

When

raising

prices

for

these products, even a pharmacist

with a

monopoly (

垄断

) must consider the risk that adult users

will switch to products that are not aimed at children. But a rise in the number of babies, and hence

buyers

who

are

parents, could

tip_the_scales_towards price

increases. By

contrast,

the

pharmacist

should already be charging as much as parents are willing to pay for products without adult users,

such as nappies.

The

scholars

found

that

pharmacists

raised

prices

when

there

were

more

new

parents

—

but

only in regions with a single pharmacy, and not for nappies. In monopoly areas a doubling of the

number of babies from one month to the next (not unusual in a small population) coincided with a

5% increase in the price of the basket of baby-

hygiene products.

The study is timely. Italy's government has started to loosen some of the many restrictions that

stop competition in the pharmacy sector (though not yet the one that the researchers relied on). But

such regulations are plentiful in many other lines of business, and not just in Italy. The consumers

who pay the price are often those who find it hardest to travel to shop around

—

for example, people

with crying babies on their hands.

语篇解读：

研究人员发现竞争有利 于降低价格。但是在一些人口比较少，只有一家垄断的药

店的地方，儿童用药价格就比较 高，所以文章建议政府放宽医药行业准入门槛，多增加一些

药店，这样可以减轻新手父母 的负担。

1

．

What's the purpose of the study?

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A

．

To review the function of the special law for pharmacies.

B

．

To make clear the relation between competition and prices.

C

．

To collect the information on pharmacy business in Italy.

D

．

To gather the data on hygiene products for babies in Italy.

解析：

选

B

细节理解题。

根据第一段第一、

二句< /p>

“

That competition keeps prices down is well

known. But it is hard to measure by just how much ...

”

可知，

大家都知道竞争会导致价格下降，

但 是很难具体测量竞争到底影响了多少价格，所以研究的目的是为了搞清楚竞争和价格之

间 的关系。

2

．

The underlined phrase“tip the scales”in Paragraph 3 means “________”

．

A

．

push the move

C

．

control the rise

B

．

keep the level

D

．

break the balance

解析：

选

A

词义猜测题。

根据本文的主题以及常识可知婴儿多了，

家长

(

要扩大购买

)< /p>

会推

动价格上涨。画线词意为

“

推动价格上涨

”

，

A< /p>

项与之表达的意思一致，故选

A

。

3

．

The government's new measures will greatly benefit ________.

A

．

pharmacy owners

C

．

new parents

B

．

local merchants

D

．

adult users

解析：

选

C

推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，怀抱婴儿的家长不方便到远的地方

去买儿童药品，

所以在药店比较少的地方容易被欺诈。

放宽一些禁止医药行业竞争的政策，

同一个地方会有更多的药店，有利于降低药价，所 以刚做父母的人会受益。

B

(2019·

南通七市模拟

)We

all

have

defining

moments

in

our

lives

—

meaningful

experiences

that stand out in our memory. Many of them owe a great deal to chance: a lucky encounter (

相遇

)

with someone who becomes the love of your life. A new teacher who spots a talent you didn't know

you had. These moments seem to be the product of fate or luck. We can't control them.

But is that true? Not necessarily. Defining moments shape our lives, but we don't have to wait

for them to happen. We can be the authors of them. It is possible to create defining moments if we

understand more about them. Our research shows that they all share a set of common elements. We

start by asking: why do we remember certain experiences and forget others? In the case of big days,

such as weddings, the answer is pretty clear

—

it's a celebration that is grand in scale and rich in

emotion. No surprise that it's more memorable than a maths lesson. But for other experiences in life

—

from holidays to work projects

—

it's not so clear why we remember what we do.

Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to submerge (

浸入

) their hands for 60

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seconds in buckets filled with 14

℃

water. (Remember 14

℃

water feels much colder than 14

℃

air.)

They were then asked to submerge their hands for 90 seconds instead of 60, but during the final 30

seconds, the water warmed up to 15

℃

. The participants were then given a choice: would you rather

repeat the first trial or the second?

Psychologists

have

explained

the

reasons

for

this

puzzling

result.

When

people

assess

an

experience, they tend to forget or ignore its length. Instead they seem to rate the experience based on

two key moments: the best or worst moment, known as the peak, and the ending.

In

the

participants'

memories,

what

stood

out

for

them

was

that

the

longer

trial

ended

more

comfortably

than

the

shorter

one.

So

when

we

assess

our

experiences,

we

don't

average

our

minute-

by-

minute feelings. Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits (

低谷

)

and the transitions. What we don't remember are the bits in between

—

sometimes there is little to

distinguish one week from the next.

Partly this is because there may be only a dozen moments in your life that show who you are

—

those

are

big

defining

moments.

But

there

are

smaller

experiences,

too,

in

the

context

of

a

memorable

holiday,

romantic

date

or

work

achievement.

Once

we

understand

how

we

remember

certain moments and why, we can start to create more moments that matter.

语篇解读：

本文主要阐述了人生的关键时刻最 容易被记住，对一个人的影响也是最大的。对

于这些关键的时刻，我们不应被动地等，而 是可以积极地去创造的。

4

．

How does the author understand defining moments?

A

．

We can create defining moments in our lives.

B

．

Defining moments are just out of our control.

C

．

No similarities exist between defining moments.

D

．

Defining moments consist of smaller experiences.

解析：

选

A

推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第四、五句

“

We can be the authors of

them. It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them.

”

可知，

作者认

为决定性的时刻不必等待，我们自己可以创造这样 的时刻。

5

．

We can learn from the experiment that ________.

A

．

the striking moments are more likely to be remembered

B

．

the length of an experience determines our memory of it

C

．

it is meaningful to distinguish the pits in between flagship moments

D

．

all the components of an experience should be equally remembered

解析：

选

A

细节理解题。

根据第五段第三句

“

Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments:

the peaks, the pits (

低谷

) and the transitions.

”

可知，我们倾向于记住最重要的时刻：人生巅

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峰、低谷和转折点。

the striking moments

与

flagship moments

含义一致，都是指人生最重要

的时刻。

6

．

What would probably be discussed in the following part of the text?

A

．

What to prepare for life's trials.

B

．

Why to create defining moments.

C

．

Whom to owe our good fates to.

D

．

How to create life's big moments.

解析：

选

D

推理判断题。最后一段指出当我们知道了如何记住那些确定的时刻，我们就

可以去创造更多重要的时刻，由此可推测，接下来就应该要说怎么去创造重要的时刻。

C

(2019·

南京模拟

)Like a lot of healthcare professionals, Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely

difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives.

“

There's this view that you should

suck it up and do one more thing

，

”

says the ER physician and host of CBC's

White

Coat, Black

Art

.

But that “one more thing” often c

omes at Goldman's expense.

“

You're exhausted and a patient or their family look at you with begging eyes

，

”

he says.

“

So

you have this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give until you're totally spent

？”

Goldman's

work stress combined with family tension after his mother was diagnosed with dementia 20 years

ago.

Caring

for

her

over

a

decade

was

difficult,

as

was

dealing

with

his

father's

grief.

“

When

someone else is drowning you, you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself

，

”

says Goldman.

Setting

boundaries

isn't

just

important

for

busy

professionals;

everyone

can

benefit

from

managing situations that cause undue stress or pain. Here are some tips.

First

，“

If someone's behavior makes you unhappy

—

and it could be anything from the way

they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stick to their promise

—

then there's room to set limits

，”

says Patrick Keelan, a Calgary psychologist. We often avoid setting limits because we prioritize the

happiness

and

comfort

of

others

over

ours.

In

order

to

control

this_impulse,_Goldman

suggests

framing the development of boundaries as a form of self-

kindness. When facing an overwhelming

situation like the one he was in with his father, Goldman suggests reflecting on what is making you

feel uncomfortable, unhappy or unappreciated.

“

You can't relate to others or be kind to others if you

aren't kind to yourself

，”

he says.

Second, once you've become aware of your needs, setting and maintaining boundaries requires

clear verbal communication. There are three obstacles to enforcing boundaries in a relationship: fear,

guilt and selfdoubt, says psychologist Nicole McCance. We often fear that if we set limits, the other

person will reject us, or we feel bad claiming our needs. Keelan proposes setting ground rules before

relationships become tense. Start by cooperatively listing values

—

like mutual respect, support, and

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