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舟楫英语课堂
精通句子结构
非谓语动词(一)
动
词
不
定
式
的
功
能
不定式作
主语
as
the subject
['s
?<
/p>
bd
?
ikt]
不定式短语
+
谓语
动词
It's +
形容
词
+ for/of+
逻辑主
语
+
不定式短语
(
It
作形式主语)
To know
oneself is difficult. / It's difficult to know
oneself.
了解自己很困难。
To
go to school on foot every day takes me half an
hour. / It takes me half an hour to go to school
on foot every day.
我每天步行上学花费半个小时。
To
read this book through will require time and
patience. / It will require time and patience to
read this book
through.
读完这本书需要时间与耐心。
It's +
形容词
(附表
1
)
+ of
逻辑
It's very nice of you to
be so considerate.
你太好了想得这么周到。
(
可改写为:
) You are
nice to be so considerate.
主语
+
不定式短语
It's unwise
of them to turn down the proposal.
他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。
They are unwise to turn down the
proposal.
It's +
形容词
< br>(附表
2
)
+
for
逻辑
主语
+
不定式短语
It's not
easy for you to get him to change his mind.
你要说服他改变主意是不容易的。
It's impossible for him to
give up smoking.
要他戒烟是不可能的。
不定式作
宾语
as
the object
['
?
bd
?
ikt]
It's +
名词
+ for
+
逻
It is a great honor for us
to be present at this rally.
我们来参加这个大会是很荣幸的。
rally ['r?li] n.
集会
patience
['pei
?
?
ns] n.
耐心
,
忍耐
,
毅力
辑主语
+
不定式短
It will be a mistake for
us not to help him.
我们不帮助他们将是一个错误。
require
[ri'kwai
?
] v.
要求
,
需要
proposal [pr
?
p>
'p
?
uz
?
p>
l] n.
求婚
,
建议
,
提议
语
It is a
pleasure
(
for
me
)
to work with you.
和你一起工作真是件乐事。
有些动词
(附表
3
)
常
用动词不定式作
We agreed to meet here but so
far she hasn't turned up yet.
我们约定在这里见面,但是到现在她都还没露面。
宾语
He undertook
to finish the job by
Friday.
他答应星期五或之前完成这一工作。
He offered to help us.
他提出要帮助我们。
主语
+
谓语动词
+
it(
形式宾语
) +
形容
词
/
名词
/
代词(作补语)
+
不定式(作
真正宾语)
We think it wrong to tell a lie.
我们认为说谎是不对的。
I felt it
useless for us to say anything further.
我觉得我们再说下去也没有用。
I made it a rule to get up early, take
a cold bath, and then do some running.
我已经养成习惯,早早起床,洗个冷水澡,然后去跑步。
They found it impossible to get
everything ready in time.
他们发现不可能把一切按时准备好
。
I consider it better not to go.
我认为还是不去为好。
I
shall try to persuade her< to see the doctor>.
我将尽力劝她去看病。
I shall have to ask her to
我只好请她离开这个公司。
The villagers didn't allow
them
村民们不允许他们这样做。
We know her
我们知道她很诚实。
I now call upon the chairman
现在请主席向大会致辞。
不定式作
宾补
as
主语
+
谓语动词
(附表
4
)
+
人
+
不定
the object
式
(
作宾补
)
complement
['k
?
p>
mplim
?
nt]
主语
+
谓语动词
(附表
5
)
+
宾语
+
不
带
to
的不定式
(
作宾补
)
不定式作
定语
as
不定式短语作定语
the
attributive
时,必须放在中心
[
?
'tribjutiv]
词的后面,作后置
定语
I felt someone
我觉得有人在拉我的衣袖。
I noticed them
我注意到他们进来了。
We sat outside a cafe,
watching the world
我们坐在一家小餐馆外面,
望着眼前来来往往的人们(静观众生百态)。
Let
me
告诉我你在想什么。
Do
you have anything more (to say)?
你还有什么话要说吗?
It's time (to start spring
sowing
['s
?ui?
])
.
春播的时间到了。
That's the best way( to
solve the problem).
这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
You have no right (to talk
like that).
你没有权利那样说话。
Perhaps in
years( to come) we shall meet again.
或许在未来的岁月中我们还会见面。
如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词
,
后面必
I need a chair (to sit
on).
我需要一只椅子来坐。
Mary needs a friend ( to play with)
玛丽需要一个玩伴。
须加上介词。使之能和它的逻辑宾语搭配。
She's the nice person ( to work with).
她是一个很好共事的人
There's nothing
(to be worried about).
没有什么事值得发愁
不定式作
表语
as
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语
The purpose
of new technologies is to make life easier, not to
make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐。
the predicative
的内容,这时主语通常是表示目的愿望
Her wish is
to become a singer.
她的愿望是当一名歌手。
[']
一类的名词
(附表
6
< br>)
。
Our plan is
to finish the work in two weeks.
我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。
不定式作
状语
as
作目的
They ran
over [to welcome the delegates].
他们跑过去欢迎代表们。
We must do everything we can[to help
them].
我们要尽一切力量帮助他们。
the
adverbial
状语
They
went there [to visit their teacher].
他们去那里拜访他们的老师。
[To
explain more clearly], I'll show you the pictures.
为了解释得更清楚,我给你们看一些图片。
< br>[
?
d'v
?
< br>:bi
?
l]
in order to/ so as
to
也可以用来引起目的状语
Tom
kept quiet about the accident, [so as not to lose
his job].
为了不至于丢掉饭碗,汤姆闭口不谈事故的事。
作结果
What have I said [ to
make you so excited]?
我说了什么使你这么激动?
He woke up [to find everybody gone].
他醒了过来,结果发现大家都走了。
以下结构,可以用来引
起结果状语:
so...as to/ such... as to/ enough to/
only to/ too...to
状语
Would you be
so kind
[
as to do me a
favour
]
?
请你帮我一下好吗?
Her
madness is not such
[
as to
fill her mother with
despair
]
.
她还没有疯到令其母亲绝望的程度。
The boy is
old [enough to take care of himself].
这个男孩够大了,可以自己照顾自己。
She
returned [only to find that no one was at home].
她回到家,才发现家里没有一个人。
作原因
We all
rejoiced
[ri'd
??
isd]
[
to hear of your
success].
听说你们成功了我们很高兴。
He shuddered
[to think of his bitter past].
他每当想起辛酸的过去就不寒而栗。
状语
主语
+ be
动词
+
形容词
+
不定式
这种句型中的主语通常是人,
形容词
(附表
7
)
多半是描述此人的
态度或情感状况
。
I'm glad to meet
you.
见到你很高兴。
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