-
大学综合英语
期末复习
学校：昆明理工大学
你心上
大学综合英语考试
考试时间：
2013
年
6
月
21
日下午
13
:30
—
16:00
综合部分：
（总分
< br>100
分；课内占
55%
，课外
占
45%
）
：
Part
Ⅰ
Writing
15%
以综合教材中某个单元的主题为话题写一篇作文
Part
Ⅱ
Reading
Comprehension 40%
（
4
篇文章，每篇
5
题选择，每题
2
分）其中两篇来自课外，一
篇选自综合教材
Practice Text I
（
Units
1-4
）或者
Practice Text
II
（
Units
5-8
）
，还有一篇选自蓝鸽平台
Part
Ⅲ
Vocabulary 25%
(25
题选择，
主要由由平台以及综合教程上的选词填空改编
)
Part
Ⅳ
Cloze 10%
(20
题选择，由背诵课文
Text
B
改编
)
Part
Ⅴ
Translation 10%
< br>（
5
题半句翻译，
由课后翻译练
习改编）
视听说部分：
（总分：
100
分；课内占
55%
，课外占
45%
）
1. Short Conversations: 10
题，每题
2
分，共
20
分；课外
2. Long
Conversations: 2
篇，
10
< br>题，每题
2.5
分，共
25
分；课内
3. Passages:
3
篇
15
题，每题
< br>3
分，共
45
分；课内
&
课外
4. Dic
tation
：
1
篇，
10
个空，每空
1
分；课外（
A
班及卓越班选自
VOA
）
大学综合英语
阅读理解
学校：昆明理工大学
你心上
（以下四篇为重点，
必考一篇，
由于时间关系，
我整理的阅读理解的
答案，
请大家记住答案，不要记住选项，出题老师会打乱顺序。
）
Practice Text
I
（
Units
1-4
）
Passage one
Question 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
When I was 15, I
announced to my English class that I was going to
whole class
nearly fell out of their
chairs laughing.
I was so
humiliated I burst into night I wrote a sad poem
about broken dreams and
mailed it to a
local newspaper. To my astonishment they published
it, and sent me two dollars. I
showed
the poem to my follow they laughed.
I'd
tasted success. That was more than any of them had
done, and if it was
that was fine with
me.
During the next two years I sold
dozens of poems, letters, jokes,etc. By the time I
graduated
from high school, I had
published quite a lot,but I never mentioned my
writing to my friends again.
They were
dream killers.
But sometimes you do
find a friend who supports your
dreams.
new friend told me.
I
had
four
children
at
the
time,
and
the
oldest
was
only
four.
We
lived
on
a
goat
farm
in
Oklahoma, miles from
anyone. All I had to do each day was take care of
four kids, milk goats, and
do the
cooking, laundry and gardening.
While the children napped, I typed on
my ancient typewriter. I wrote what I felt. It
took nine
months, just like a baby.
I chose a publisher at random and put
the manuscript in an empty diaper box, the only
box I
could find,The letter I enclosed
read:
A month later I received a
contract and a request to start working on another
book.
Crying Wind became a bestseller,
I appeared on TV talk shows.I traveled from New
York to
California
and
Canada
on
promotional
tours.
My
first
book
also
became
required
reading
in
schools in Canada.
People ask what college I attended,
what degrees I have, and what qualifications I
have to be
a writer. The answer is
none. I just write. I'm not a genius, and I'm not
gifted.
十五岁的时候，
我对班上同学宣布说准备写书
。
一半的学生开始窃笑，
其余的则几乎从
椅子上笑得跌到地上。
“别傻了，只有天才才能成为作家，
”一个同学对我说。
我羞愧得大哭起来。那天晚上，我写了一首关于梦想破灭的伤心短诗，并将它寄给了
< br>当地的报社。出乎意料的是，他们发表了这首小诗并给我寄来了两美元。我是作家了，
我的
作品发表了并因此而得到了报酬。我拿给老师和同学看，他们再一次的嘲笑我。
“瞎猫逮着
死耗子，
”
我的第一篇作品就卖出去了。
这比他们任何人做的都
强，
如果这是瞎猫逮着死耗子，
那
么我
不在乎。
在接下来的两年里，我卖掉了几十首诗歌、书信、笑
话和食谱。中学毕业时，我的剪贴
簿里已经贴满了我发表的作品。
我再也没有将自己的写作情况告诉朋友。
他们都是无情的摧
梦
者。
但是有时也有朋友会支持你的梦想，
“写作对你来说是简单的，
”一个新的朋友告诉我，
“你能
做到的。
”
现时我有四个孩子，
最大的只有四岁。
孩子们进入梦乡时，
我就
在那台老掉牙的打字机
前打字，我写下自己的感受，这花了我九个月的时间，就像十月怀
胎。
我随意选择了一家出
版社，将手稿用空的尿布盒子包起来。
在附信中我写道：
“
这本书是我自己写的，希望你喜
欢。
一个月后，我收到一份合同、一份预付款，
以及另一本书的约稿。
我的书
《哭泣
的风》
成了最畅销的书。白天我出现在电视上的访谈节目中，
晚
上则回家
换尿片。为了去领各种奖项，我从纽约来到加利福尼亚、
加拿大。
我的第一本书被列为加拿
大本土美语学校的必读课程
。
人们问我曾上过什么大学，
曾得过什么学位，
曾获过什么资格证书才可以成为作家。
答
案是：
“什么也不需要。
”我只是写。我不是天才。
best title of
this passage would be
Never give up.
laughing of the whole class at the
author
’
s dream implied that
they believed that she
was
too simple and naive.
authordid not
show her publications to her classmates again
because
she knew she
could
not get any encouragement from them.
author
’
s
determination
on
writing
might
come
from
the
following
EXCEPT
her
teacher
’
s praise.
author
’
s story
proves that
perseverance is essential
for one
’
s success.
Passage two
Chris Peterson was teaching a class in
psychology at Virginia Tech when he told his
students
to
fill
out
a
carefully
designed
test
that
determines
a
person’s
level
of
optimism
and
students
also
answered
questions
about
their
general
health,including
how
often
they
went to a doctor.
Peterson
followed
the
health
of
his
student
the
following
year
and
discovered
that
the
pessimists had twice as many diseases
and made twice as many trips to the doctor as the
optimists.
Later,Mattin
Seligman
of
the
University
of
Pennsylvania
and
two
of
his
colleagues,using
interviews
and
blood
tests,found
that
optimists
have
better
immune(
免
疫
的
)activity
than
?One big factor is that
“
Pessimistic
individuals
”
as Seligman
writes,
”
get depressed
more easily and more
often.
”
When
a
person
is
depressed,certain
brain
hormones
become
reduced,creating
a
chain
of
biochemical events that end up slowing
down the activity if the immune system.
Optimists also look at information in
more depth to find out what they can do about the
risk
factors,In
a
study
by
Lisa
Aspinwall,at
the
University
of
Maryland,subjects
read
health-related
information
on
cancer
and
other
discovered
that
optimists
spent
more
time
than
pessimists reading the
sever risk material and they remembered more of
it.
“
These are
people,
”
says
Aspinwall,
”
who
aren
’
t sitting around
wishing things were different
They
believe in a better outcome, and that whatever
measures they take will help them to
heal.
”
In
other
words,instead
of
having
their
heads
in
the
clouds,,for
yet
another
reason,optimists are
likely to be healthier.
The best news
is what research has shown repeatedly:Anyone can
become more optimistic
with
every
effort
you
make
to
keep
an
optimistic
attitude
will
reward
you
with
a
stronger immune
you
’
ll enjoy better health.
purpose
of
these
scientific
studies
is
to
discover
to
what
degree
one
’
s
health
is
related
to one
’
s attitude in life.
an
’
s research
suggests that
optimism helps people
become healthier.
ing to the
scientists,the reduction of immune activity is
basically caused by
one
’
s
depressed feeling.
can be
inferred from the passage that
we can
tell who is a pessimist by observing his
reading behavior.
of the
following statements is NOT true?
Pessimists have no hope of making a
change in their attitude.
Practice Text
II
（
Units
5-8
）
Passage
one
My
observation
is
that
many
instructors,
from
elementary
school
through
undergraduate
college courses, have a standard,
conventional, only
student
who
does
it
differently
from
the
instructor
is
labeled
I
believe
that
such
an
approach is often the
result of the limited intellectual ability of the
instructor, who only knows one
reliable
technique.
As
a
simple
example
of
rigidity
(
僵化
),
when
I
was
a
pupil
in
elementary
school,
the
textbook and instructor
taught that the definition of a noun was
thing.
name of
anything
a noun. But I was marked wrong
for not using the official definition, although
the definition I gave
on the
examination was equivalent.
Students
who are both intelligent and highly creative often
make average grades in school,
because
these
creative
students
see
issues
and
vagueness
in
examination
problems
that
the
instructor did not intend. Creative
students
conventional
instructor.
This
problem
is
particularly
severe
on
multiple
choice
examinations
where a creative student can quickly
find situations in which either all or none of the
answers are
correct,
whereas
a
noncreative
student
who
knows
the
material
in
a
conventional
way
simply
selects the best answer and gets marked
correct.
Children
seem
to
have
an
innate
sense
of
curiosity,
enthusiasm,
and
imagination.
Mature
adults generally lack
these qualities. Where did these qualities get
lost? I believe that teachers and
industrial managers beat these
qualities out of people, in order to make them
easier to control and
manage. In my
experience, both as a student and professor,
organized education - as a bureaucracy
(
官僚机构
) - actively
discourages creativity. I believe that creativity
can be taught and encouraged
in a
master-apprentice setting, such as a student
working in a research laboratory.
57. According to the author, what is
the problem with school education?____
[A]The techniques used in teaching are
out of date.
[B]Teachers
are trying to teach their students in their own
way.
[C]Students are
encouraged to solve a problem in a fixed way.
[D]Schools do not provide
students with proper learning materials.
58. The author
points out that the problem is caused by the
following EXCEPT ____.
[A]teachers' poor qualities
[B]the lower academic levels of schools
[C]teachers' lack of
instructive skills
[D]the
lack of learning materials
3. By taking his / her early experience
in education as an example, the author intends to
____.
[A]illustrate how
teachers are too rigid
[B]remind us of the importance of early
education
[C]criticize the
unqualified teachers in his elementary school
[D]appeal for a
comprehensive reform in higher education
4. Creative
students are more likely to make mistakes in
examinations because ____.
[A]they misread the questions in the
examinations
[B]they find
that some problems in the examinations are not
clear
[C]they tend to
understand a question in a vague way
[D]they don't like to take direct
approaches to examination problems
5. In order to keep
children curious and creative, the author suggests
____.
[A]instructors make
an effort to give clear instructions
[B]schools provide students with
interesting materials
[C]students be trained in a master-
apprentice relationship
[D]teachers change their instructive
approaches
Passage two
Your moral
values are your beliefs about what is important in
life. Some values refer to how
one
should act (be honest, unselfish, self-
disciplined) while other values refer to what one
wants to
accomplish or obtain in life
(a lot of money, fame, a family, friendships,
world peace). Because a
person cannot
priorities often leads to value
conflicts. You may want to be successful in your
career, but you may
also
want
a
more
relaxing
lifestyle
and
more
time
to
spend
with
friends
and
family.
Here,
the
value of success may come into conflict
with the value of family. Some examples of moral
values
are:
integrity,
respect,
caring,
justice
and
openness.
There
are
many,
many
moral
values;
thus,
these represent only a
very few.
To understand and solve a
moral dilemma, you must figure out which values
are involved in
the conflict,
prioritize them, and act upon the primary value.
The act must be grounded in a moral
rule.
What is a moral rule?
A moral rule is very specific; it is action
guiding. It tells you what to do
in a
specific situation. Moral rules are quite specific
about what should be done. V
alues are
general
beliefs or attitudes about
something we desire or like. Our values very often
underlie our moral
rules.
If
my
moral
rule
is
be
honest,
then
my
value
is
Values
only
express
what it is that we
believe has value.
Being
a
moral
person
requires
our
knowing
how
to
make
good
moral
decisions
by
using
ethical standards and
critical thinking. Sometimes we must choose
between what we want to be
and what we
want or desire. Very often what we have the right
to do is not identical with what the
right thing to do is. There is not one
single decision making procedure which works.
62. According to the
passage, life is full of value conflicts because
____.
[A]we find it hard to
make a choice between different things
[B]there are too many things we don't
know how to obtain
[C]money, fame, family and friendship
are all valuable for us
[D]people have different standards of
values
63. The
author describes moral values as ____.
[A]the way one behaves
[B]the purpose of life
[C]the belief one has about what is
valuable in life
[D]the
things one has to choose in life
64. When solving a moral
problem, the author suggests ____.
[A]we take moral value as the rule
[B]we consider our choices
in accordance with our social values
[C]we take into account both values and
value rules
[D]we base our
decision on a moral rule
65. In the third paragraph, the author
intends to ____.
[A]emphasize the importance of values
in our everyday life
[B]explain the difference between
values and moral rules
[C]define the role of moral rules when
we make a choice
[D]describe what is a moral rule in
detail
66. We
can infer from the last paragraph that ____.
[A]making a moral decision
is a complex process
[B]our
desires are the causes of moral conflicts
[C]moral values are the
basic standards of decisions
[D]making good moral decisions requires
critical thinking
< br>（鉴于上个学期的期末考试中，
考了蓝鸽平台的阅读理解
“
Hypnotism
催眠术”
，我整
理下本学期蓝鸽平台上的阅读理解，附上标准答案和
翻译，由于时间关系，我并没有逐篇
翻译。请大家好好复习。
）
Passage 1
American society is not friendly to
nap. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep
specialist at the
University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
need
sleep.
wants
to
be
caught
napping
or
found
asleep
at
work.
To
quote
a
proverb:
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at
work is to take naps when you need them.
totally change our attitude toward
napping,
godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national
commission led by Dement identified an
one member said was as important as the
national debt. The commission was concerned about
the
dangers of sleepiness: people
causing industrial accidents or falling asleep
while driving. This may
be why we have
a new sleep policy in the White House. According
to recent reports, President
Clinton is
trying to take a half-hour nap every afternoon.
About 60 percent of
American adults nap when given the opportunity. We
seem to have
mid afternoon quiet
phase,
in the early afternoon can reduce
stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were
born to nap.
We don't nap to
replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night
shift. Rather, we
sleep, whenever,
wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I
myself have napped in buses,
cars,
planes and on boats; in floors and beds; and in
libraries, offices and museums.
【短文大意】
本篇为说明文。
美国人对午睡一向不屑
一顾，
甚至认为那是懒惰大逆不道的表
现。然而事实使他们改变
了看法，午睡不仅仅是一种习惯，它能够消除紧张，恢复精力，所
以美国人意识到了睡眠
欠帐带来的诸多问题。
1. It is commonly
accepted in American society that too much sleep
is ____.
[A]unreasonable
[B]criminal
[C]harmful
[D
costly
【答案与详解】
A<
/p>
。该题为细节判断题。根据第一段第一句，“American
society
is
not
nap
friendly”，此处的
not nap friendl
y
意为“不接受午睡，不支持午睡”。选项
B“犯法
的，犯罪的”；选项
C“有害的”；选项
D“昂贵
的，代价高的”，均与上述表达不符。选
项
A“没道理的，讲不
通”，所以选
A
。
2. The research done by the
Dement Commission shows that Americans ____.
[A]don't like to take naps
[B]are terribly worried
about their national debt
[C]sleep less than is good for them
[D]have caused many
industrial and traffic accidents
【答案与详解】
C
。该题为细节判断题。根据第三
段第一句，“Last year a national
commission led by Dement identified an
?American sleep debt
?
which
one member said
was as
important as the national debt.”，该委员会发现
睡眠欠帐问题，美国人睡眠普
遍比身体所需少。表达了上述含义，所以选
C
。
3. The purpose of this article is to
____.
[A]warn us of the
wickedness of napping
[B]explain the danger of sleepiness
[C]discuss the side effects
of napping
[D]convince the
reader of the necessity of napping
【答案与详解】
D
。该题为主旨题。从语篇角
度分析，作者意在指出午睡是消除紧张，恢复
精力的需要，而不仅仅是一种习惯。选项<
/p>
D“使读者相信午睡的必要性”为正确答案。
4. The
[A]the traditional misconception the
Americans have about sleep
[B]the new sleep policy of the Clinton
Administration
[C]the rapid
development of American industry
[D]the Americans' worry about the
danger of sleepiness
【答案与详解
】
A
。该题为细节推理题。结合原文细节可以判断：选项
B
和
D
表达的内容与
American sleep debt
< br>毫不相干，应当排除。本文并未提及睡眠不足与工业发展的关系，因
此
C
不对。
作者在第一段和第二段指出了美国社会看
待午睡的种种错误观念，
第三段指出了
美国人有睡眠欠帐，这两
者之间有因果关系，所以选
A
。
5. The second sentence of
the last paragraph tells us that it is ____.
[A]preferable to have a
sound sleep before a night shift
[B]good practice to eat something light
before we go to bed
[C]essential to make up for lost sleep
[D]natural to take a nap
whenever we feel the need for it
【答案与详解
】
D
。该题为细节判断题。原文句意为“在任何时候，在任何地
方我们想睡就
睡”。选项中只有
D
与该
句意思接近。
Passage 2
It was a bright sunny
afternoon. A middle-aged businessman, elegantly
dressed, stood there
under that green
tent in the cemetery looking at an expensive
casket that held the lifeless form of
the
lovely
woman
he
had
been
married
to
for
over
30
years.
He
would
stare
at
the
casket
and
occasionally
touch
it,
and
he
would
blink
back
the
tears.
The
funeral
service
was
over,
but
he
could not
leave. He could not walk away.
Family members and friends came and
said,
now to go to the
car.
loved her so much.., and once I
almost told her!
It's
tragic
to
go
through
life
and
never
feel
love.
It's
a
second
tragedy
to
go
through
life
loving someone and never getting around
to telling them.
I
hope that each of you will be a great success in
your career, whatever it may be, but please
don't lose your family and friends in
the process. What's the good of gaining the whole
world and
lose your family and your
friends?
One of the sad
things in our society today is that
many people have no real
friends
. Oh,
they have
acquaintances, buddies, co-workers, but no real
friends, because they are scared to death
of intimacy. Serious involvement is a
trap, they think.
It limits
your options. Caring leaves
you
vulnerable. Don't get
too close to people, they say, because you may
have to compete against them
one day.
Stay cool, stay in control, stay detached.
Psychologist Herbert Hendin
described it like this:
years
ago,
detachment
and
inability
to
feel
pleasure
were
considered
signs
of
schizophrenia(
精神分裂
). Today, people believe that
emotional involvement invites
disaster
and
detachment
offers the best means of survival.
In our work, in our play, even in our
love life,
we want to be like
machines
(we even speak
of
being
people
who
live
in
a
success-at-all
cost
world
tend
to
see
every
person
they
meet
as
either
a
potential customer or as a potential
rival, so they tend to give in to plastic emotion-
afraid to feel,
afraid to commit,
afraid to
be vulnerable, afraid to let
other people into their lives, afraid to be
intimate. The motto is,
这是一个阳光明媚的下午。
一个中年商人
,<
/p>
穿着优雅的站在那里
,
在那绿色的帐篷在
墓地
看一个昂贵的棺材
,
举行了无生命
的形式的可爱的女人他已经娶了
30
多年。他会盯着棺材
,
偶尔碰它
,
他会闪
烁的泪水。葬礼服务已经结束
,
但是他不能离开。他不能走。<
/p>
家人和朋友们赶来
,
< br>说
:
“来吧
,
< br>约翰
,
服务结束。现在是时候去的车。”约翰说
,
“我爱
她那么多。她是我生命的快乐与力量。
我爱她那么多…
,
一旦我几乎告诉她
!
”
这是悲惨的经历生活
,
从不感到爱。
它的第二个悲剧一生去爱一个人
,
从不绕过来告诉他
们。
< br>
我希望你们每个人都将是一个巨大的成功在你的职业生涯中
,
不管它是什么
,
但请不要
失去你的家人和朋友在这个过程中。有什么好获得整个世界
,
失去你的家人和你的朋友吗
?
伤心的事情之一
在我们今天的社会
,
很多人没有真正的朋友。
< br>噢
,
他们有熟人、
朋友、
同
事
,
但没有真正的
朋友
,
因为他们是被吓死的亲密感。严重的参与是一个陷阱
,
他们认为。它
限制了你的选择。
关心让你脆弱的。
不要太接近的人
,
他们说
,
因为你可能要与他们竞争一天。
保持冷静
,
保持控制
,
保持分离。
心理学家赫伯特描述如下
:
“二十年
前
,
超然和无法感到快乐被认为精神分裂症的迹象
(
精神分裂
)
。
今天
,
人们相信
情感卷入
邀请灾难和超然的生存提供了最好的手段。”
在我们的工作<
/p>
,
在我们玩
,
甚
至在我们的爱的生活
,
我们要像机器
(
我们甚至说“打开”
),
表演得冷淡<
/p>
,
但并不在乎太深。你看
,
问题是
,
人生活在一个世界上成功的成本往往看到每
个
人他们满足
,
可以是一个潜在的客户
或作为一个潜在的竞争对手
,
所以他们往往屈服于塑料
情绪害怕感
,
害怕承诺
,
害怕被脆弱
,
害怕让别人进入他们的
生活
,
害怕被亲密。的座右铭
是
,
“别让他们看到你流汗
!
< br>”
1. According to the
passage, what did the businessman, John, most
regret about?____
[A]
He lost his beloved
forever.
[B]
He could not give his wife a decent
funeral.
[C]
He bad never told his wife his love for
her when she was alive.
[D]
He had never been a loving
husband to his wife.
1
、根据短文
,
什么了商人
,
约翰
,
最后悔
? ___
[A]
他永远失去了他心爱的妻子。
[B]
他不能给他的妻子一个体面的葬礼。
[C]
他从来没有告诉他的妻子他对她的爱，在她还活着
的时候。
[D]
他从来不是一个爱他
的妻子的丈夫。
2.
According to the passage, which of the following
can NOT indicate the relatively short life span
of technology?____
[A]
People have
no real friend.
[B]
People think serious
involvement is a trap.
[C]
People want to live like
machines.
[D]
People's emotion is genuine.
2
、根据原文
,
下列哪项不能表明相对较短的寿命技术
? ___
[A]
人没有真正的朋友。
[B]
人认为严重的参与是一个陷阱。
[C]
人们想活得像机器。
[D]
人们的情感是真实的。
3. According to the
passage, which of the following is the reason that
people keep as their motto
[A]
They will
not look decent when they sweat in front of
others.
[B]
Others may regard them as blue collar
workers.
[C]
They tend to see every person they meet
as either a potential customer or as a potential
rival.
[D]
None of the above.
< br>根据课文
,
下列哪个是原因
,<
/p>
人们保持作为他们的座右铭“不让我看到你出汗”
? ___ <
/p>
[A]
他们不会看起来体面当他们汗水在别人面前。
[B]
其他人可能视它们为蓝领工人。
[C]
他们倾向于看到每个人他们满足
,
可以是一个潜在的客户或作为一个潜在的竞争对手。
[D]
以上都不是。
4. The author's purpose of
quoting the story of John, the businessman is ____
[A]
to indicate the extent to which people
are detached from others and its harm
[B]
to inform
people of the significance of expressing love in
time
[C]
to instruct people to care about those
around them
[D]
to illustrate the pain of losing one's
beloved
作者的目的引用约翰的故事
,
这个商人
___
[A]<
/p>
表明在何种程度上人们远离其他人及其危害
[B]
通知人表达爱的意义在时间
[C]
指导人们去关心身边的人
[D]
说明对损失自己的爱人
5. The author's attitude
towards businessmen like John can best be
described as ____.
[A]
understanding
[B]
critical
[C]
indifferent
[D]
supportive
作者的态度
商人喜欢约翰的最佳描述是
____
。
[A]
理解
[B]
批评
[C]
冷漠
[D]
支持
Passage 3
Four Easy Tips to
Find a New Job Faster
Job
listings
only
represent
about
15
percent
of
the
overall
job
market.
The
remaining
85
percent makes up the hidden job market.
To be effective in today's highly competitive job
market,
you have to get out there and
strategically promote yourself to employers who
can appreciate your
value and are able
to hire you.
Having a great resume is
not enough. You must take initiative and package
yourself favorably
to attract the best
employers, and that means getting out there and
promoting yourself.
Self-promotion
can
be
a
huge
challenge
for
many
job
seekers.
Here's
how
to
simplify
the
process and accelerate
your progress to lessen this burden and find your
next challenge swiftly.
1. Prepare for
the project.
Understand
that there is work to be done and no easy way out
of it. Ideally, a headhunter
(
猎
头
)
would
do
the
work
and
find
you,
but
don't
count
on
this
happening,
especially
in
today's
environment,
where
more
and
more
companies
are
handling
employing
in-house
(
内部地
)
to
reduce expenses. You have
to rely on your own personal initiative to open
doors. It's up to you to
put your best
forward by preparing for the meeting: research the
company and the individual you
are
meeting and figure out how you can add value to
the company by solving problems with your
unique skills and characteristics. Even
if the employer seeks you out, you still need to
demonstrate
that you can deliver what
they expect from a winning candidate.
2. Don't overextend yourself.
Do this and you're likely to be
ineffective. The key to success is focusing your
job search on a
limited number of
target companies that you determine need your
talents; then figuring ways to
inside
these
organizations
to
present
yourself
as
a
prospective
employee.
But
this
kind
of
campaign
is
based
on
quality,
not
quantity,
so
make
sure
that
each
approach
is
targeted
and
thorough, so that you don't wear
yourself out spinning your wheels pursuing lost
causes.
3. Be generous.
In
today's job market, doing a sample project is one
of the most effective ways to establish
credibility (
可信性
)
and gain an element critical to hiring decisions:
trust. Allowing an employer
to
see
the
quality
of
your
work
before
making
a
hiring
decision
decreases
the
employer's
risk,
increases goodwill, and often
accelerates the hiring process.
4. Be
pound wise, not penny foolish.
If you
are questioned about your salary, put your pride
aside for a moment and think dollars
and cents. Once you are working, you
stand a better chance of proving that you are
worth more.
Be sure to keep your eye on
your bigger financial picture, and keep in mind
how much each day of
unemployment is
costing you.
By following these tips
and pacing yourself through the challenge of a job
search, you'll be
interviewing with
hiring managers in no time. Stay focused and best
of luck in the job search.
1. It can be
inferred from the first sentence that ____.
[A]
most employers like to
advertise their job vacancies in a job listing
[B]
the job listings cover
almost all of the job market
[C]
you can find all kinds of jobs in the
job listings
[D]
it is not
enough for a job seeker to focus on job listings
2. The phrase
[A]
to make the first move
towards a certain target
[B]
to be in a better position to attack
others
[C]
to do something
without an order or a suggestion
[D]
to have the capacity to see what needs
to be done
3. According to
the passage, to prepare for a meeting, you should
____.
[A]
research the
target company and the employers you will meet
[B]
point out what you have
done before
[C]
show off
your own special experience
[D]
connect with a headhunter who will find
you a job
4. According to
the passage, to avoid overextending yourself, you
should ____.
[A]
not base
your job search on your qualities only
[B]
pay attention to your
lost causes
[C]
not focus
on too many companies in hunting for a job
[D]
make sure you can get
the position before an interview
5. If you are questioned about your
salary, you should ____.
[A]
not talk about the salary you made
before
[B]
speak frankly
about what you expect
[C]
not care too much about how much you
will initially earn
[D]
show your generosity and try to prove
you are worth more in your working
Passage 4
DNA and Ancestry
Every
cheek
cell,
like
all
cells
in
the
body,
contains
genetic
information
about
a
person's
heritage. Mitochondrial
(
粒线体的
) DNA, found in the
cells of both males and females, is passed
down through the mother's lineage.
Y-chromosomes (
染色体
), which
are found only in the cells of
males,
can be used to trace the roots of the father's
side of the family. By comparing cheek-cell
DNA
to
a
worldwide
database
of
ethnic
groups,
Jackson's
team
can
reveal
the
donors'
links
to
Africa.
But
Africa has the longest and most diverse genetic
history of any continent, which makes
pinpointing
a
person's
specific
region
of
origin
using
only
the
cheek
cell
an
extremely
difficult
task. And Jackson warns against
overrating the DNA-reading process in general.
be the most powerful technology for
identifying human beings, but it was never meant
to be used
as a stand-alone
tool,
mitochondrial
DNA,
for
example,
Jackson
had
the
benefit
of
a
strong
oral
history
from
his
mother's side as well as a long record
of his father's family at St. Luke's Episcopal
Church
—
both
of
which made piecing together his lineage easier.
Still,
DNA
technology
might
be
an
innovative
tool
when
it
comes
to
luring
African
Americans to the
field of biology.
want to use the
project as a way of interesting young kids of
color during the years when they're
establishing for themselves what they
want to be in life,
being a scientist
peaks by the fifth grade.
on their
radar screen.
No one expects
the Roots Project to turn all children into
scientists, but Jackson is confident
that
it
will
spark
students'
interest
in
science,
biology,
and
the
genetic
underpinnings
of
their
ancestry.
31. Which of the following exists only
in the cells of males? ____
[A]
Mitochondrial DNA.
[B]
X-chromosomes.
[C]
Y-chromosomes.
[D]
Check cell.
32.
The word
[A]
putting too high a value on
[B]
failing to
see or notice
[C]
setting something aside
without consideration
[D]
making something weak
33.
According to Jackson, DNA technology can be used
to ____.
[A]
trace the roots of the father's side
only
[B]
help identify the origin of different
people
[C]
reveal the doner's link to
their mother's side only
[D]
examine
African-Americans' oral history
34. By saying
[A]
DNA is not a
powerful tool to solve every problem
[B]
DNA is not a
bullet used by a magician
[C]
DNA is not
applicable to all persons in the world
[D]
DNA is not a
useful tool at all
35. Which of the following is true in
Jackson's opinion? ____
[A]
The aim of the Root Project
is to turn every child into a scientist.
[B]
The number of African American
scientists is small because of their DNA.
[C]
DNA technology will control children's
life plan.
[D]
DNA technology can make children
interested in science.
Passage 5
To
Win at Marriage, Learn to Lose
Having
been
married
for
more
than
40
years,
I
can
attest
to1
the
truth
of
the
following
statement: To excel2 in the art of
argument in the home, one must master the art of
losing.
Modern
psychologists are taken with3 the
more
in
losing gives a gift that always
returns.
One day soon
after my wife and I were married, we set about
picking new wallpaper from a
book of
samples5. My taste and hers were at odds6.
can
you
say
that?
This
is
a
classical8
pattern
that
goes
all
the
way
back
to
the
Venetians9
page?
As the argument
went on, my wife suddenly slammed12 the book shut.
hundred samples in this
book,
both, instead of bickering13 over
the ones we don't like.
And
that's how we settled it. Eventually we found a
pattern we both liked. The
book
we couldn't agree on
furniture or a place to vacation,
book.
The
issues
that
people
argue
over
most
in
marriage,
such
as
how
to
spend
money,
often
aren't the real ones.
The key issue is: Who is going to be in control?
When I was younger, my need
to control
arose out of fear, a lack of trust, and
insecurity. The day I finally realized I didn't
need to
control my wife-that, indeed, I
ought not to control her, and that if I tried to,
I would destroy our
marriage-was the
day our marriage began.
Giving up control is often confused
with weakness. But the winner in a domestic
argument
is
never
really
the
winner.
When
you
win
a
battle
and
your
partner
submits15,
you
have,
paradoxically16 lost.
What is it we want most
from a marriage? To love and be loved. To be happy
and safe. To
grow
and
to
discover.
A
loving
relationship
is
the
garden
in
which
we
plant,
cultivate17,
and
harvest the most
precious of crops, our own self, and in which our
spouse is given the same rich
soil in
which to bloom18.
We
cannot obtain what we want unless our partner also
gets what he or she wants. A woman
may,
for
instance, want to go to the
symphony19. Her husband might hate symphonies. But
by
spending a few hours listening to
music he doesn't care for, he can bring joy to his
partner. That's a
pretty cheap price to
pay for joy, isn't it?
But
what if a husband wants to go on a fishing trip
with friends? Suddenly there aren't a lot
of samples in the wallpaper book. His
wife either agrees or not.
Already you can hear the usual power
strategies:
Instead of such strategies, he might
try empowering21 his partner:
a fishing
trip with the boys. What do you think?
New
England.
Such a dialogue, as idealistic as it
sounds, is born of a marriage of mature adults.
But what if she says,
some excuse. I think you owe23 me a
trip first?
Now he must
decide. Is she right? She could be, you know. When
the couple arrives at this
juncture24,
it's time for him to listen.
When anger is hurled25 at us, it hurts
us. If it were a pistol, anger and control should
be
checked at the door. But anger can
also be a response to pain. So when your spouse
responds in
anger, you must end the
argument. It's that simple; the argument must end
because another person
may be in pain.
Try this: Let a little
space occur between you. Let the storm recede26 a
little. Then, tell your
partner you
understand that when a person is angry, it means
she's been hurt, and that you want to
do something about it because you love
her.
Perhaps
she'll
tell
you
why
she's
hurt
and
angry.
Try
not
to
be
put
off27,
but
to
hear
the
anger as sounds of hurt. When you
discover the pain, you can address its cause, and
the anger will
begin to fade.
You're
allowed
to
get
angry
too.
But
dumping
anger
on
your
partner
is
a
poor
way
to
soothe28
your
hurt.
When
you
are
hurt
without
anger,
a
response
that
is
free
of
anger
usually
comes.
So
remember: If you want to overcome anger in your
relationship, search for the hurt. If you
want
to
feel
loved
and
respected,
give
up
control.
And
if
you
want
to
win
arguments
at
home,
learn to
lose them.
赢得美满婚姻
,
要学会认输
做为一个结婚
40
余年的人，
我可以证明下面这个说法完全正确：
想要在家庭争执中得满
分，首先要掌握认输的艺术。
现代心理学家们都醉心于
“一赢再赢”的解决办法，
而在婚姻里头，
成功往往在于采取
“一输再输”的策略
。因为这样，双方都可以是赢家。在爱情的天地里，认输实际上永远是
一份有回报的礼物
。
婚后不久的一天，
我和妻子着手从
一本样品手册中挑选起居室的壁纸。
我们的爱好有了
矛盾。
“我喜欢这一张。
”
“这张简直就像一块有病的猪肝。
”
“你怎么能这样说？这可是一幅古典的古威尼斯风格的图案。
”
“威尼斯人都瞎眼了，后来的瞎子也都是因威尼斯人得名，记
得吗？我喜欢这一张。
”
“我死也不会挂那一张的。
”
在争吵中，
我妻子突然用力把书一合，大声说：
“这本书中有
200
张样品，
我们应
该把精
力用在找到一张我们都喜欢的样品，而不是用来争吵那些我们不喜欢的。
”
我们就这样解决了争执。
< br>最后我们终于找到了一个我们共同喜欢的图案。
壁纸样品手册
成了我们解决婚姻中遇到的无数争执的一个象征。
当我们在要什么家具或去什么地方
休假的
意见不一时，我的妻子就说：
“在壁纸样品手册里有的是
样品呢！
”
人们在婚姻中争吵的那些
事情诸如怎样花钱之类，
往往并不是争执的真正所在。
争执的<
/p>
关键是谁来控制。
当我年青的时候，
我想
去控制是因为出于恐惧，
是缺乏信任和安全感。当
我终于认识到
我不必控制我的妻子的时候，
我们的婚姻才算真正开始。
确实，
我不应该控制
我的妻子，我也不能去控制她，如果我要这样去做
，我就会毁坏我们的婚姻。
放弃控制对方常常与软弱相混淆。
其实家庭内争吵的赢家永远不可能是真正的赢家。
当
你赢得了一场口角，使你的另一半屈服了，你其实恰恰相反，是输家了。
我们在婚姻中最想得到的是什么？是爱与被爱，是幸福与安定，是不断的成长与发现。<
/p>
爱情的关系就是一个花园，
在这个花园里我们种植、
培养和收获最宝贵的庄稼，
这就是我们
自己；在这个
花园里，我们要给我们的爱人提供同样肥沃的土壤，让她茁壮成长。
< br>我们不可能得到自己想要的东西，除非我们的配偶得到他（或她）想要的。例如：一个
女人想去听一场交响乐，
而她的丈夫却讨厌交响乐，
只要丈
夫宁愿花几个小时去听一下他不
喜欢的音乐，就可以给他的配偶带来快乐，难道这不是一
个很廉价的换取快乐的办法吗？
但是如果丈夫想要和他的朋友
们一起去钓鱼呢？这时妻子就面临同意或不同意的抉择，
就像墙纸样手册中突然没有许多
样纸可供挑选了。
你也许已听说过这样的权力策略：
“我可以随意花我自己的钱。
”
或：
“你怎么这样麻烦？
吉姆的妻子就高兴他随便去哪儿。
”
不采用这种办法，丈夫可以把事情让妻子自己决定：<
/p>
“亲爱的，我想和小伙子们一块去
钓鱼，你看怎样？”
“我想还是我们一块出去吧。
”
“今年秋天再去怎样？我一直想跟你去新英格兰看一看
秋天的落叶。
”
“好吧。你去钓鱼而我回家看母亲。
”
这样的对话，听起来是最理想的了。它只能发生在很成熟的成年人配偶之间。
但如果妻子说：
“你从不信守诺言。到今年秋天
你又会有别的借口。我想是你首先欠我
一次出游，对吧？”这样丈夫就必须决定，他的妻
子是否正确。要知道，他的妻子可能是正
确的。当双方到了这样一个关键时刻，丈夫就应
该听从了。
如果激愤在我们之间爆发，
它会伤害我们的感情。
如果激愤是一把手枪，
我认为也要像<
/p>
对待控制他人的欲望一样，
要在一开始就不让它发射出来。
但是愤怒可以是内心伤痛的一种
释放。当你的配偶释放愤怒的时候，你
就必须停止争吵。道理很简单，争吵必须终止，因为
其中一人可能已被触动内心的痛处。
不妨这样试一下：
让你们之间的紧张
松弛一下，
让你们之间的风暴平息一点。
告诉你的
妻子你理解她的激愤，你知道她内心有伤痛，你愿意为此做点什么，因为你爱她。
也许她会愤怒地告诉你她为什么受伤，
不要拖延，
只管倾听她激愤的表达。
当你发现她
的痛处是
什么时，你可以说出它的原因，这样激愤就可以平抚。
你自己
也可以表示愤怒，但是对你的配偶宣泄你的激愤不是一个抚平内心伤痛的好办
法。你如心
平气和地说出你的隐伤，你会得到心平气和的理解。
所以请记
住：
如果你要想在你们的关系中克服激愤，
那么就要找出内心的
伤痛；
如果你
要想得到爱和尊重，
就必
须放弃对伴侣的控制；
如果你想要赢得家中的口角，
就先学会认
输
吧！
1. What
problem did the author and his wife have in
choosing wallpaper? ____
[A]
They liked
everything in the wallpaper book.
[B]
There were
not enough choices in the wallpaper book.
[C]
They wanted a classical Venetian style
of wallpaper.
[D]
It was difficult for them
to find the wallpaper that they both liked.
2.
According to the passage, what is the issue that
people argue over most in marriage? ____
[A]
How to spend money.
[B]
Who is to
take care of the housework.
[C]
Who is going
to be in control.
[D]
How to
educate the children.
3. According to the author,
what is giving up control mistaken for? ____
[A]
Loving his/her partner.
[B]
Feeling
hurt.
[C]
Being weak.
[D]
Winning an argument.
4.
Which of the following statements about
relationship can be inferred from the passage?
____
[A]
A love relationship can grow with care
from either side.
[B]
There is no real winner in
husband-wife arguments.
[C]
Never force your wife to
argue with you because you are fated to be the
loser.
[D]
One's giving up can bring joy to his
wife.
5. Which of the following reactions
causes problems when anger arises in an argument?
____
[A]
Speaking louder than your partner to
show you are right.
[B]
Ending the argument to help
both sides calm down.
[C]
Telling your partner that
you understand how she/he feels.
[D]
Finding out
and addressing the cause of the anger.
Passage 6
The Olympic
Spirit
There are few
sporting events that can compare with the Olympic
Games. Athletes1 spend
four years
anticipating and fearing this event; it produces
athletic displays to
marvel at2; and it
pushes competitors to their physical
and mental limits. Through it all, they are
expected to believe
in an ideal which
has been at the heart of the modern Olympic Games
since they began 100 years
ago: Taking
part is more important than winning.
When the French educator Baron de
Coubertin revived3 the ancient Greek concept of
the
Olympic
Games
and
organized
the
first
event
in
Greece
in
1896, he
also
set
out4 to
revive
the
Olympic ideal of friendly and fair
competition between amateurs5. Since then, the
International
Olympic Committee (IOC)
has had the difficult job of upholding6 these
principles as the Games
have expanded
and developed.
The
Games
have
also
created
a
new
type
of
contest:
competition
between
countries
and
cities to win the chance of organizing
the event. China won the honor to host the 2008
Olympic
Games in its capital, Beijing.
In 1936, Adolf Hitler had
his own ambitions7 for the Olympics. He wanted to
use the Berlin
Games
of
that
year
to
prove
that
the
Germans'
success
in
sporting
activities
and
the
country's
growing military power were based on
racial superiority8. That dream was shattered9 by
the great
success of black American
runner Jesse Owens who won the 100 meters, the 200
meters, and the
long jump (he was also
a member of a record-breaking team).
The Olympics were used to make a very
different political statement in 1968, when
leading
American sprinters Tommie Smith
and John Carlos raised salutes10 from the medals
podium11
following the 200 meters.
Theirs was a demonstration in support of the civil
rights12 campaign
against racial
segregation in the USA, but the two were condemned
by the IOC.
Arguably, the
darkest days in the history of the Olympics were
in Munich in 1972, when
Palestinians13
extremists14
killed
two
members
of
the
Israeli15
team,
and
took
nine
other
hostages16. All nine were later killed.
The political tensions of
the Cold War also had an influence on the
Olympics. In 1980, the
USA led other
countries in refusing to attend the Moscow
Olympics in protest against the Soviet
invasion17
of
Afghanistan18
in
the
previous
year.
Four
years
later,
the
countries
of
the
former
USSR stayed away from
the Los Angeles Games. Damage was done to the 1976
Games when 30
countries refused to
attend in Montreal in protest against New Zealand
which had broken sporting
sanctions19
against South Africa.
In
more
recent
times,
the
IOC
has
had
to
deal
with
another
problem:
drugs.
The
IOC's
President, Juan Antonio Samaranch, is
proud of the fact that the dangers of athletes
using drugs to
improve their
performance were first recognized 30 years ago.
Now the IOC has a strict system
for
testing
competitors
and
some
of
the
most
advanced20
scientific
equipment
was
at
use
in
Atlanta
and Athens.
So
far,
the
most
famous
example
for
illegal
drug
use
was
that
of
Ben
Johnson
in
Seoul,
Korea.
He had his gold medal for winning the 100 meters
taken away after he was found using
drugs that were not allowed. According
to Juan Antonio Samaranch,
was a black
day for the Olympic movement. But we thought it
was an important day, because it
was a
turning point against doping21.
The IOC is also becoming stricter about
general discipline. Competitors at this year's
Games
have signed an agreement
governing22 their behavior. Opponents of this
policy have attacked the
scheme
as
a
restriction23
of
human
rights,
but
officials
are
determined
that
the
Games
are
not
spoilt24 by bad conduct.
They argue that competitors must set an example to
the world's public.
But, in spite of the political
challenges faced by the Olympics over the last 100
years, the
Games
are
more
popular
than
ever
before
and
can
still
command
the
best
performances
from
competitors. One of the nations taking
part for the first time this year is Palestine,
and according to
a leader of the
Palestinian team, attending is more important than
winning. He told reporters that
his
athletes did not expect to win prizes, but are
pleased that they have at last
received
official
recognition from the IOC.
几乎没有一场体育赛事能和奥林匹克相提并论了。
运动员们花费四年的时
间准备，
对这
场体育盛事的焦虑。
奥林
匹克激发了运动员们的各种惊叹，
将运动员的潜力激发到一种生理
和心理上的极限。
在这整个过程中，他们必须信奉现代奥林匹克运动会诞生
100
多年来的核
心理念——参与比获胜更重要。
法国教育家顾拜旦男爵复兴了古希腊奥林匹克理念，并组织了
1896
年希腊的第一场赛
事，
他还着手振兴奥林匹克友好公平竞争的的主题。
从那刻起，
随着奥林匹克的扩大与发展，
国际奥委会一直从事着坚持奥林匹克原则这项
艰巨的工作。
奥林匹克还创造了一个新的竞争项目：
一个国家或城市之间的竞争，
竞争奥运会的举办
权。中国十分荣幸地获得了
2008
年北京首都奥林匹克的举办
权。
1936
年，
< br>阿道夫希特勒对奥林匹克拥有自己的野心。
他妄想通过当年的柏林奥运会来证
明德军在体育赛事上的胜利和德国军事力量的崛起是基于种族优势。
这一美梦被美国黑人赛
跑运动员杰西欧文斯所取得的巨大成功击得粉碎。欧文斯赢得了<
/p>
100
米、
200
米和跳远
等比
赛的胜利。
（他也是在那届赛事中破纪录的美国接力队的成员之一。
）
1968
年，
奥运会曾被
借以发表政治声明。
当美国短跑运动员托米史密斯和约翰卡洛斯从
颁奖台上获得致敬和
200
米奖牌是，他们证实了自己支持民
权运动，反对美国的种族歧视，
但是他们俩遭到国际奥委会的谴责。
可以说，
历史上奥运会最黑暗的一场是
< br>1972
年的慕尼黑奥运会，
当时巴勒斯坦的极端分
子
杀害了以色列队中的两名成员，并劫持
了九名人质。后来九名人质都被杀害了。
冷战时政治上的紧张
关系也影响了奥林匹克。
1980
年，
美国领导它的随从国家拒接参加
莫斯科奥运会以抗议苏联在前一年对阿富汗的军事侵略。
四年后，
前苏联的国家拒绝参加洛
杉矶
奥运会。
30
个国家拒绝参加
1976
年的蒙特利尔奥运会，
因为这届奥运会打破了对南非的
体育制裁，而新西兰也因此受到损害。
在近代
，国际奥委会面临了另一个新问题：毒品。国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇，对于
30
年前
首次得以验证的毒品被运动员用于提升成
绩的危害性感到自豪。现在国际奥委会成立
了一
套很严格的系统用于测试选手，另外还有最先进的科学设备被用于亚特兰大和雅典。
< br>
迄今为止，
最出名的服用违禁药物事件是韩国汉城奥运
会的参赛选手本约翰逊，
在被查
出服用违禁药物后，他的
100
米金牌被回收。
萨马兰奇说，有些人会
觉得这是奥林匹克最黑
暗的一天，但我们却认为这是很重要的一天，因为这是一个反兴奋
剂的转折。
国际奥委会对于常规更加的严格了。今年的奥运会
选手都签订了协议以规范他们的行
为。
反对者抨击该政策限制了
人权，
然而官方坚信奥运会不该被这些不良行为所玷污。
他们<
/p>
认为，
奥运选手应该向世界做出榜样。
然而
，尽管
100
多年以来奥运会一直面临这政治因素的考验，
但它比以往任何时候都更
受欢迎，并且能始终呈现选手们最完美的表
现。巴勒斯坦是第一次参与奥运会的国家之一，
巴
勒斯坦队的领导人表示参与比获胜更重要。他表明他的运动员们不会强求获得奖牌，但
他们会为得到国际奥委会的肯定而感到欢欣鼓舞。
1. Athletes fear the Olympic Games
because ____.
[A]
they are afraid of failure
in the competition
[B]
it's very difficult for
them to win gold medals
[C]
they fear that they would
not fulfill their ambition in the Games
[D]
the Games push them to their physical
and emotional limits
2. In the Berlin Games, Adolf Hitler
schemed to prove that ____.
[A]
sports can
be used as a tool for politics
[B]
Germans are
born to be excellent sportsmen
[C]
Germans are
a superior race
[D]
no country can compare with
Germany in sports
3. Tommie Smith and John
Carlos were condemned by the IOC because ____.
[A]
they had used drugs to help themselve
win
[B]
they organized a demonstration against
racial segregation
[C]
they refused to take part
in the 200-meter match because of racial
discrimination
[D]
they used the Olympic Games
to support the civil rights campaign in the USA
4.
Thirty countries refused to attend the Olympic
Games in 1976 as a result of ____.
[A]
the protest
against the Los Angeles Games
[B]
the Soviet
invasion
[C]
racial discrimination in South Africa
[D]
New Zealand's breaking sporting
sanctions against South Africa
5. ____ has
been a challenge faced by the Olympic Games over
the last century.
[A]
Politics
[B]
Drug use
[C]
Finance
[D]
Management
Passage 7
Do American and British
People Speak the Same Language?
It
was
said
by
Sir
George
Bernard
Shaw
that
and
America
are
two
countries
separated by
the same
language
when
I worked as a
camp counsellor1 for two months in 2000
in a summer camp run by the Boy Scouts of America,
as
part of an international leader
exchange scheme. Before I went, all the
participants2 in the scheme
were given
a short list of words that are in common use in
the UK but would either confuse or
even
offend Americans. I remembered the words and
thought,
When I finally
arrived in the States three months later, I
realised that perhaps a lifetime of
watching American television was not
adequate3 preparation for appreciating and coping
with the
differences between American
and British speech. In the first hour of arriving
at the camp I was
exposed4 to High
School American English, Black American English,
and the American English
spoken by Joe
Public, all very different from each other.
Needless to say, I did cope in the end.
The Americans I met were very welcoming
and helpful, and I found they were patient with me
when I made a social mistake by using
an inappropriate word or phrase.
Upon my return I began to wonder
whether anyone had recorded the differences
between
American and British English. I
found several books on the subject but often these
were written in
a dry way. I felt that
I could do better and use my sense of humour and
personal experiences to
help people
from both sides of Atlantic to communicate more
effectively when they meet.
My research into the subject led me to
several conclusions. Firstly, American English and
British English are converging5 thanks
to increased travel across the Atlantic and the
media. The
movement
of
slang6
words
is
mostly
eastwards,
though
a
few
words
from
the
UK
have
been
adopted
by
Ivy
League
fraternities7.
This
trend
is
a
recent
one
dating
from8
the
emergence
of
Hollywood as the important film making
centre in the world and also from the Second World
War
when large numbers of American GIs
were stationed in the UK. This trend was
consolidated9 by
the invention of
television. Before then, it was thought that
American English and British English
would diverge as the two languages
evolved10. Words and expressions returned from the
America
and joined the mother tongue,
but very few people in Britain realise how many of
the words they
use
are
of
American
origin.
Often
this
introduction
of
American
words
has
encountered
a
linguistic11
snobbery12
by
the
British,
which
showed
the
cultural
snobbery
that
bedeviled13
Anglo-American relationships for a long
time. This is not, thankfully, the case now.
Secondly, there are some
generalizations14 that can be made about American
and British
English which reveal the
nature of the two nations and their peoples.
British speech tends to be
less
general,
and
directed
more
at
a
subgroup15
of
the
population.
This
has
become
a
kind
of
code16, in which few words are spoken
because each carries a wealth of shared ideas and
attitudes.
In other words, the British
care much about their social status within society
and speak and act to
fit into the
social class they aspire17 to. This is
particularly obvious when talking to someone from
or
now living in
a
of the Opposition18, Tony Blair, were
talking about capturing the
vote19
American
speech
tends
to
be
influenced
by
the
overheated
language
of
much
of
the
media,
which
is
designed
to
attach
an
impression
of
exciting
activity
to
passive,
if
sometimes
insignificant
events. Yet, curiously, really violent activity
and life-changing events are hidden in
bland20 tones that serve to hide the
reality. British people tend towards
understatement21 whereas
Americans
towards hyperbole22. A Briton might respond23 to a
suggestion with a word such as
to express polite agreement.
美国和英国人说的是相同的语言吗
?
萧伯纳爵士曾说过：
“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家。
”我对此话的第一
次亲身感受是在
2000
年，
当时作为国际领导人交换项目的一部分，
我在美国
男童子军组织的
夏令营活动中担任了两个月的营地辅导员。
在我
动身之前，
此次项目所有的参与者每人得到
一份简短的单词表、
上面列出了在英国通用、
在美国则可能引起意义含混甚至会冒犯
他人的
词汇。我把这些单词记了下来，并认为自己“能够应付”。
3
个月后我终于来到美国，我这才意识到，或许用一辈子的
时间来观看美国电视，也不
足以让我充分准备好来领略和应对英美两国语言的差异。在到
达营地后的第
1
个小时里，我
就大大地
领教了美国中学生英语、
美国黑人英语及美国普通老百姓所说的英语，
< br>它们之间差
异很大。不用说，我最终都一一应付了过来。
我所遇到的美国人都十分热情且乐于助人，当
我因为不恰当地使用了某个单词或短语而失
礼时，他们对我很耐心。
回国后，我便开始琢磨，
对于英美两国语言间的差异，是否有人曾做过记载。关于这方
面的书，
我找到了几本，
但这些书常常写得枯燥无味，
充满学究气。
我认为，
我能做得更好，
我能用我的幽默感及亲身经历帮助大西洋两岸的人们在见面时，更加有效地交流。
我对这个问题的研究，使我得出了几条结论。
首先，
由于跨洋交往的增加和新闻媒体的作用，
美式英
语和英式英语正在相互靠拢。
俚
语词汇的流向主要是向东的，<
/p>
尽管少数源自英国的词汇已被常青藤院校所接受。
这两种语言
的会聚趋势刚刚才显露出来，
它开始于好莱坞作为世界主要电影生产
中心的倔起，
以及大量
美国士兵驻扎在英国的二战时期。电视的
出现使这种趋势得到了增强。
此前，人们认为，随
着两种语言的
演化发展，英式英语和美式英语间的差异会增大。在
1789
年
，诺·韦伯斯特，
一位直到今天美国的字典还以其名字出版发行的人物，
就曾说过：
“许多地方性的原因，
例
< br>如：
一个新的乡村的出现、
人际新的联系、
艺术中各种思想的新组合及与一些欧洲人从未有
过见闻的部落间的交往，
都会为美语引人新的词汇。
”韦伯斯特是正确的，
< br>但那之后他的下
一句话已被证明是不正确的。
“随着时间
的推移，
这些原因将使北美大陆上产生一种与今后
的英国语言不
同的语言，
这二者间的差异将与现代荷兰语、
丹麦语、
瑞典语同德语之间或这
几种语言相互间的差异一样大。”
韦伯斯特低估了英国和其前属殖民地间社会交往的频度。甚至在他开始编纂字
典之前，
就有一些来自美国的单词和表达方法已经渗入了英国英语中，例如“独木舟”和
“短柄小
斧”。没有多少英国人清楚，在他们所使用的词汇中，有多少是源自美国的。常
常是，这种
美国词语的输入会遭遇到英国人语言上的鄙夷，
这种
态度是长期以来给英美关系添了不少麻
烦的文化势利行为的一种表现。还好，现在情况不
是这样了。
第二，
就英式英语和美式
英语而言，
人们可以作出一些归纳，
这些归纳能够揭示两国及<
/p>
两国人民的特质。
英国人倾向于用相对具体、
意义细腻而直接的语言去针对人群中的某一个
亚群体。这已经成为了一种社会规范，
人们说的话不多，
因为每一个词，随着与其相伴的沉
吟与停顿，
都承载着丰富的共享假定与态度。
换句话说，
< br>英国人的心思都放在了对其在社会
中地位的关注上，
其一
言一行都是为了适应他们所心仪的社会阶层的需求。
这一点最为突出
的表现就是当你在同一个来自“中产阶级”的人土交谈时，他会指出他是“中上层阶级”，
< br>而不是“普通的中产阶级”或是“中下层阶级”。
约翰·梅杰
(
英国前首相
)
可能曾说过我们<
/p>
现在生活在一个“无阶级的社会”里，但是阶级体制依旧流行。当时，他和反对党领袖托<
/p>
尼·布莱尔都在谈论抓住“英国的中部地区”、
赢得“英国中产阶
级的选票”乃是争取下次
大选胜利的关键。
美语易于受大部分新
闻媒体的极富夸张力语言的影响。
这类语言在设计时
往往赋予那
些消极的、有时是没有意义的活动以一种热热闹闹的印象。
然而，奇怪的是，真
正的暴力行为和改变命运的事件却隐藏在平和、
冷静的用以隐匿真情的语
调之下。
两个例子
立即浮现在脑海中，
如美国军方使用的“友好火力”和“间接损害”，
以及商界使用的“精
< br>简”。
英国人倾向于言而不过，
而美国人则倾向于言过其
实。
在对一条建议作出反应时，唯
有当英国人表达一种极为喜悦
的热情时，
才会说像“棒极了”这样的词；
而美国人在使用这<
/p>
个词时，可能只是想表达一种有礼貌的同意。
< br>第三，
美语没有英语那样注重语法形式。
美语会像推土机
一样在语言的差异间从一边到
另一边快乐地推出一条路，
而不会
在差异间独辟一条路径。
美式英语会很随意地把一种词性
用成另
一种词性，例如把名词用成动词，或把动词和名词用成形容词。
1. In order to avoid making ____
mistakes in America, all the camp participants
were given a short
list of words that
are in common use in the UK.
[A]
spelling
[B]
grammatical
[C]
social
[D]
pronunciation
2. The Americans were ____ when the
author used an inappropriate word or phrase.
[A]
offended
[B]
patient
[C]
confused
[D]
concerned
3.
What
did
the
author
say
about
the
books
on
the
differences
between
American
English
and
British English? ____
[A]
They were written a long time ago.
[B]
They were written with a sense of
humor.
[C]
They were written in an uninteresting
way.
[D]
They were written in an
informal way.
4.
Which
of
the
following
statements
gives
a
reason
for
the
differences
between
British
and
American English? ____
[A]
British people are influenced by social
class.
[B]
British people are influenced by
leaders such as John Major and Tony Blair.
[C]
British people are influenced by
Hollywood.
[D]
British people are influenced by Ivy
League universities.
5. According to the author,
how are Americans influenced by the media? ____
[A]
Americans tend to believe everything
that is said by the media.
[B]
Americans
tend to speak honestly about violence and
important events.
[C]
Americans tend to describe
insignificant events with much enthusiasm.
[D]
Americans tend to use slang.
Passage8
I don’t ever want to talk about being a
woman scienti
st again. There was a time
in my life
when people asked constantly
for stories about what it’s like to work in a
field dominated by men.
I was never
very good at telling those stories because
truthfully I never found them interesting.
What I do find interesting is the
origin of the universe, the shape of space-time
and the nature of
black holes.
At 19, when I began
studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the
least to be the only
woman
in
the
classroom.
But
while
earning
my
Ph.D.
at
MIT
and
then
as
a
post-doctor
doing
space
research,
the
issue
started
to
bother
me.
My
every
achievement
—
jobs,
research
papers,
awards
—
was viewed
through the lens of gender
(
性别
) politics. So were my
failures. Sometimes,
when I was pushed
into an argument on left brain
versus
(
相对于
) right brain, or nature
versus
nurture
(
培育
), I would instantly
fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then
one
day
a
few
years
ago,
out
of
my
mouth
came
a
sentence
that
would
eventually
become my reply
to any and all provocations:
I don’t
talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years
to get back the confidence I had at 19
and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with
gender issues.
Why should curing sexism
be yet another terrible burden on every female
scientist? After all, I
don’t
study sociology or political theory.
Today
I
research
and
teach
at
Barnard,
a
women’s
college
in
New
York
City.
Recently,
someone asked me how many of the 45
students in my class were women. You cannot
imagine my
satisfaction at being able
to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry
how they will manage
their scientific
research and a desire for children. And I don’t
dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t
tell
them
“war”
stories.
Instead,
I
have
given
them
this:
the
visual
of
their
physics
professo
r
heavily
pregnant
doing
physics
experiments.
And
in
turn
they
have
given
me
the
image
of
45
women driven by a love of
science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
1
. Why doesn’t
the author want to talk about being a woman
scientist again?____
[A]
She feels unhappy working
in male-dominated fields.
[B]
She is fed
up with the issue of gender discrimination.
[C]
She is not good at telling stories of
the kind.
[D]
She finds space research more
important.
【题目解析】
：问题问为什么作者不愿意再谈论作为一个女科学家的话题了。作者在文章第
一段第三
句话指出“我从不擅长讲那些故事
(
作为：女科学家的故事
)
，因为，说实话，我从
来不觉得这些有趣
”
。作者在整篇文章中都表现出对人们谈论她作为女科学家时那种潜在的
性别偏见的厌倦。这也是她不愿再谈的原因。凶此，
B
项“她非常厌倦性别歧视的话题”正
确。
A
项“在男人为主导的领域工作，她感到很不开心”不符合文章本意。作者并没有因为
在男性占多数的科学研究领域工作而感到不开心，
令作者不开心的或者说厌倦的是在这里
工
作而感受到的人们的性别偏见。
C
项
“她不擅长讲此类故事”使用了第一段文章的原话，具
有一定的干扰性。选择
C
项的同学没有真正理解文章的含义，其实，作者说自己并不擅长
讲此类故事，
实质上正是表达对这些话题的一种厌倦之情，
而并不是真正要说明自己不擅长
讲故事
(
作者能写出这么好的文章来，难道说她还不擅长讲此类故事吗
?)D
项“她发现太空
研究更重要”
并没有真正回答
作者不想再谈论这些活题的原因。
作者对性别偏见话题根本就
是
小屑一顾，根本谈不上重不重要，也就不存在何者
(
性别偏见与
空间研究
)
更重要了，如果
说空问研究
更重要正确的活，那么岂不意味着性别偏见的问题在作者眼里也重要了吗
?
2. From
Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would
attribute the author
’
s
failures to ____.
[A]
the very fact that she is a
woman
[B]
her involvement in gender politics
[C]
her over-confidence as a female
astrophysicist
[D]
the burden she bears in a
male-dominated society
【题目解
析】
：问题问从第二段我们可以推断人们把作者的失败归结在什么地方。回答本题
的关键在于对第二段第三、四句的理解：
“人们总是从性别政治的视角
看待我的每一份成就
(My every achievement was
viewed through the lens of gender
polities)
。对我的失败也是如此
(So were
my failures)
”意即人们总是认为我成功了，只因为我是女性；我失败了也
只因为我
是女性。
也就是不管成功还是失败，
< br>人们总是归结为作者是一名女性科学家这个原因上，
因
此
A
项“她是女性科学家这一事实”正确。这里所说的性别政治是
指从性别的社会视角戴
着有色的眼镜去看待他人的成功与失败，
与政客们的政治是无关的。
B
项
“她被
卷入了性别
政治之中”
，选择该项的同学没有正确的理解原文。
原文说人们总是从“性别政治的视角
(gender
poli
tics)
看待她的成功和失败”
，也就是说不论作者成功与失
败，人们总是把它们归
结为她是一名女性的科学家的缘故
(
女性科学家
!
多稀奇的事啊
!)
而这与作者是否卷入性别政
治无关。按照原文的意
思，我们可以假设这样一个场景：
如果作者失败了，
人们可能对
她说
“不要悲伤嘛，毕竟你只是位女性
(
失败是因为作者是女性
)
”
，但不会
这样说“不奇怪嘛，
谁让你卷入性别政治中了
(
失败是因为卷入了性别政治
)
”
，可见，
B
项不正确。
C
项
“作者作
为女性天体物理学者的过分自信”
属想当然的内容，
无法从原文中得到支持。
选择
D
项
“在
男性为主宰的社会，
作者所承受的负担”
的考生可能犯了定位错
误，
文章在第三段倒数第二
句提到了“为什么渐趋平息的性别歧
视竟然还能成为每个女性科学家的可怕负担”
，这里的
负担特指
性别歧视给女性科学家带来的负担，而
D
项所指的男性为主导的
社会作者所面临
的负担范围宽泛，
并没有特指是哪一方面的负担
。
同时问题问的是根据第二段的内容，
那么
考生就应该在第二段中寻找解题的依据，而不应心有旁骛。
did
the
author
constantly
fight
against
while
doing
her
Ph.D.
and
post-doctoral
research?____
[A]
Lack of
confidence in succeeding in space science.
[B]
Unfair accusations from both inside and
outside her circle.
[C]
People’s stereotyped
attitude toward female scientists.
[D]
Widespread
misconceptions about nature and nurture.
【题目解析】
：问题问作者在从事博
士和博士后研究时需要不断反击什么。如上一题分析的
那样人们总是把作者的成功与失败
归结于她是一名女性科学家，
这让作者感到非常不快，
那
么作者理应反击，同时在第二段最后一句作者也提到了：
“当我被卷入
有关左脑与右脑或者
天赋还是培养的争论时，我会代表自己及所有女性，奋力反击”
，我们知道左脑决定一个人
抽象的逻辑思维能力，
< br>而右脑是控制人的感官与感觉。
传统上，
带有性别歧视的
人往往认为
女性的右脑
(
感觉能力
)
要强于左脑
(
逻
辑能力
)
，女性的科学研究能力往往来自后天培养而不
是来自于天赋。作者代表所有的女性反击这些对女性们的陈腐的偏见。因此，
C
项“人们对
于女性科学家的陈腐观念”正确。本题较难，
原因在于很多考生没有掌握“
stereotyped(
陈腐<
/p>
的
)
”一词的含义。选择
A
项“在空间科学方面取得成功没有信心”的考生是想当然，文章
描述人们只是把作者的成功与失败归结为她是女性身上，
而并没有认为她没有
信心。
B
项
“来
自于她领域之内和之外的不公平的责难”
不能从原文得到支持，
原文主要涉及人们对女性科
学家的偏见，并没有提到是她们的批评，更不用说对她们的
“不公平的责难了”
。
D
项“对
于天赋和
(
后天
)<
/p>
培养的普遍的错误观念”
使用了原文的只言片语
< br>“
nature and nurture
”
诱导考
生做出错误判断，文章说作者被卷入了“
n
ature and nurture
”的争论，但并没有提到是什么
< br>普遍的错误观念
(widespread
misconception)
。
4. Why does the author feel
great satisfaction when talking about her
class?____
[A]
Female students no longer have to
bother about gender issues.
[B]
Her
students’ performance has brought back her
confidence.
[C]
Her female students can do just as well
as male students.
[D]
More female students are
pursuing science than before.
< br>【题目解析】
：问题问当谈到她的班级时，作者为什么感到非常满意。在作者的年
代，她是
惟一一名学习天体物理学的女生
(
见第二段首句“
it did not bother me in the
least to be the only
woman
in
the
classroom<
/p>
”
)
。而现在，当有人问她“你们班
45
名学生中有多少是女生时”
，
作者可以很满意地回答“全部是女生”
，作者讲授的是自然科学的课程，
同她的那个年代相
比，越来越多的女生学习自然科学，作者对此感到满意。因此
D
项“更多的女生追求自然
科学”正确。
A
项“女生不必再忍受性别问
题的困扰”没有依据，文章并没有提到女生是
否还会受到性别问题的困扰。<
/p>
B
项“她的学生的表现让她恢复了信心”
，文章并没有讲到她
的学生们的表现。而文章在第三段提到作者恢复信心，但这并不
是因为她的学生的表现。
C
项“她的女学生可以和男生一样出色”也是添加信息，文章没有提到她的学生们的表现，
更没有把她们的表现与男生相比较。
does the image the author
presents to her students suggest?____
[A]
Women
students needn’t have the concerns of her
generation.
[B]
Women have more barriers on their way
to academic success.
[C]
Women can balance a career
in science and having a family.
[D]
Women now
have fewer problems pursuing a science career.
【题目解析】
：问题问作者向她的学
生展示的形象说明了什么。首先我们应该清楚作者为什
么要向自己的学生展示“挺着大肚
子去做物理实验的形象
(visual
与题目中的
image
同义
)
”
。
作者是在得知有些学生担心如何处理好科学研究与渴望生小孩之间的
关系时，
现身说法，
以
自己的形象鼓励
学生，告诉学生不用担心，她们完全可以像作者一样处理
(
平衡
)
好二者之间
的关系，因此，
c
项“妇女可以平衡好科学研究职业与家庭之间的关系”正确。
A
项“女学
生们不必有她
(
作者
)
那个时代的担忧”没有依据
，作者并没有向她的学生们提及自己那个年
代的担忧。
B
项
“女性在通往学术成功之路上会面临更多障碍”
与作者现身说法所要说明的
恰好相反。
作者这样做的目的是
为了让学生们消除顾虑．
如果作者为了说明女性在通往学术
成功
之路会面临更多障碍，那么学生们不是更担心了吗
?
因此，
B
项恰好与作者本意相反。
D
项“寻求将科学研究作为职业的女性现在面临的问题要少了”原文中没有依据。
Passage 9
We have saved as a final
set of emotions, the two most important emotions
connected with
other people: love and
its opposite, hate. Love can be seen everywhere.
Yet surprisingly, love has
been the
subject of less scientific research than other
emotions, such as anger and fear. The reason
for this may be twofold. First, love is
a very complex emotion, difficult to describe and
measure.
Secondly, unlike many radical
emotions, radical love is generally not a problem;
thus less medical
attention has been
paid to it.
What is love?
This is a complex question and requires a complex
answer. Love is a strong,
positive
attraction and feeling for another person or
thing. But it is more than this. It also involves
feelings of caring, protection,
excitement, and tenderness. When two people are in
love they feel
drawn to one another,
they greatly enjoy each other's company, and they
may be sexually attracted
to one
another.
Sometimes it is
easier to think in terms of different kinds of
love: romantic love, brotherly
love,
and
so
forth.
Though
they
are
different
in
some
respects,
they
share
one
important
characteristic: a
strong positive feeling toward another.
Our feelings toward other
people are often complex. We may love someone and,
at the same
time, be angry with him. Or
we may love someone, even though we are jealous of
him. We might
even love someone and, at
the same time, hate him for the same precise
reason.
Hate is a
strong negative emotion toward someone, and is due
to anger, jealousy, or some
other
factors. Like love, hate can be a very strong
emotion. It can also be very dangerous. The
question
is
often
asked,
it
bad
to
hate?
The
best
answer
is
probably
yes
and
sometimes no.
that may hurt others. However,
sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt
someone in order
to protect loved ones.
1. Love is a feeling that
is the opposite of ____.
[A]
anger
[B]
fear
[C]
jealousy
[D]
hate
doesn't scientific research pay attention to love?
____
[A]
Because love is very complex.
[B]
Because radical love is dangerous.
[C]
Because love is not important.
[D]
Because love is very rare.
characteristic
is shared by different kinds of love? ____
[A]
A strong negative emotion toward
someone.
[B]
A strong positive feeling toward
another.
[C]
A strong respectful feeling toward
another.
[D]
A strong jealous feeling toward
someone.
ing to the passage, hate is caused by
____.
[A]
anger, jealousy or some other factors
[B]
fear, danger and hurt
[C]
caring,
protection, excitement and tenderness
[D]
complex,
strong positive emotions
might need hate, because it can help
us ____.
[A]
be strong
[B]
understand love for others
[C]
protect ourselves
[D]
defend
others
大学综合英语
单项选择
学校：昆明理工大学
你心上
(
除了以下单选，务必复习课本上的
蓝色框框的选词填空，一个一个
的单词的那些不用看，
看词组类
型的，
大概考八题左右。
其余十七题
都
选自下面单选。
)
Vocabulary Unit 1
Book2
1.
Nothing
is
more
effective
than
the
arousing
of
human’s
conscience
whe
n
it
comes
to
________ out the malpractice of waste.
A. putting
B.
rooting
C. dropping
D. leaving
2. We should enhance ideological work
to guard against money worship taking ________in
our
minds.
A. hold
B. action
C. grasp
D. move
3. You say this way, but you act that
way. Can’t it possibly ________ my trust in you in
the end?
A. heighten
B.
conceal
C. cripple
D. separate
4.
Your
learning
method
has
proven
highly
ineffective.
Never
will
I
understand
why
you
still
________ to it.
A. move
B. drive
C. dash
D.
cling
5. Facing the scene of crowds of
beggars begging, she said ________ : “ I will
donate 50 % of my
money to the
Charity.”
A. stubbornly
B. ironically
C.
determinedly
D. merrily
6. To her love means repeated betrayals
from her husband. Can you figure out a way to
________
her wounds?
A. cover
B.
heal
C. expose
D. handle
7. It’s a mere
trifling matter. And it’s so
narrow
-minded of you to take your
________ on me for it.
A. reward
B. return
C. revenge
D. reaction
8.
My
heart
is
always
on
my
work
and
study,
so
I
have
no
idea
how
to
go
________
making
friends with a girl.
A.
about
B.
around
C. along
D. after
9. Man is prone to
make a mistake. Yet we should adopt the attitude
as this: Rather than ________
it under
the carpet, we should draw a line under it.
(
正视它
).
A.
clear
B. clean
C.
wipe
D. sweep
10.
Indeed she has offen
ded you many times.
But being dean of faculty you shouldn’t ________
it
against her.
A. number
B. measure
C.
count
D. increase
11. Criticism
works well if made properly. On the other hand,
________ ones may cause others
much
displeasure.
A. occasional
B. constant
C. casual
D. usual
12. With the
occurrence of contradictions, the parties
concerned may fall into ________ with each
other.
A. connection
B. combination
C.
cooperation
D. confrontation
13. Her
hubby
（丈夫）
grudged spending
more money on her make-up; a fit of ________
against
him came over her mind.
A.
resentment
B. satisfaction
C.
contentment
D.
illusion
14. I had to sell my goods at
a great loss. My failure at doing business has
________ away at me
up to today.
A.
killed
B. cut
C. eaten
D. beaten
15. A to-be-or-
not-to-be financial crisis has broken out in
America while hosts of experts are at a
loss as to how to ________ it.
A.
reduce
B. tackle
C.
deduct
D. damage
16. When buying a
household appliance, the poor consider its being
________ whereas the rich
luxurious.
A. wonderful
B. remarkable
C.
functional
D. mechanical
17. Everyone
can ride a hobby. His is
collection
；
his big
collection of paintings is most ________ .
A. oppressive
B. impressive
C. depressive
D. possessive
18. She lay in bed, softly
saying
：
“ Would you ________
me a banana? My mouth feels bitter.”
A. chop
B. bake
C. peel
D. boil
19. If
you feel no ________ to it after you have taken
this medicine, it means it doesn’t act on you
at all.
A. answer
B. reply
C. response
D. reaction
20. You are in awkward situation: the
________ to marryi
ng your boss’s
daughter is to be kicked
out of his
company.
A.
selection
B. alternative
C. election
D. option
Vocabulary Unit2 Book2
1.
To my wonder
you are, being a soft-hearted girl, so much
________ to have seen the film of
murder that you stay excited overnight.
A. dismayed
B.
frustrated
C. thrilled
D.
comforted
2.
I
don’t like you, yet I am ________
constantly
(
偏偏
)
to meet you every day I step into my
workplace.
A. guided
B.
doomed
C. driven
D. conducted
3.
Everyone attending the
funeral ________ him for his bad argument with his
wife over where
to locate a grave.
A.
encouraged
B. persuaded
C. condemned
D. assisted
4.
To
treat
a(n)
________ leniently
without
principle
will
undermine
the
values
on
which
our
society
runs smoothly.
A. citizen
B.
servant
C. employer
D.
criminal
5.
Her hobbies cover such a large ________
that I fear she can’t concentrate on her school
work,
yet my fear proves unnecessary.
A.
sphere
B. condition
C. globe
D. kingdom
6.
If you
________ your son to so small a circle of friends,
how can you expect him to grow into
a
man of open mind and high aim?
A. reduce
B. control
C. confine
D. hinder
7.
Enough money raised for a
cause of charity set me ________ dedicatedly
toward building a
school for those
orphaned children.
A. to work
B. worked
C. having worked
D. working
8.
Though we are living, ________ sooner
or later, we will be living, immortal forever in
the
living memory, if we serve the
people heart and soul.
A. moral
B. mortal
C. memorable
D. mindful
9. Do keep it in mind that
your ________ to a matter will invariably affect
the result you expect to
achieve
ultimately.
A. attitude
B. direction
C. sympathy
D. excitement
10. Repeatedly
I urged that her ________ should be on the shared
values when she found herself a
husband-to-
be, but she
didn’t listen t
o me.
A. accent
B. emphasis
B. power
D. statement
11.
If
someone
has
done
you
a
favor,
you
don’t
________
it.
Then
you
are
abusing
his
kindness
(
不领情、不知趣
).
A. handle
B. adopt
C.
appreciate
D.
bother
12.
A
trail
________
on
until
it
lost
itself
in
the
dense
woods,
where
there
existed
a
lot
of
mysteries we wondered.
A.
turned
B. lengthened
C. stretched
D. broke
13.
This collection of poems reads like a feast of
human life, serving us a remarkable ________ of
mixed feelings and flavors.
A. review
B. panorama
C. landscape
D. culture
14. The boy, though very young, knows
enough of the world ways. I have decided to
________
him as my son.
A. admit
B. permit
C. adapt
D. adopt
15.
The
girl
is
sensitive
to
psychological
suggestion,
sticking
to
the
wall
the
________
which
reads: “Study hard and
make progress every day.”
A. motto
B. warning
C. instruction
D.
order
16. Life should be fundamentally
predictable. If we feel no ________ of whatever is
happening,
we will have no sense of
security.
A.
importance
B. achievement
C.
certainty
D. necessity
17.
We
couldn’t
take
parental
love
for
_________
,
because,
if
so,
we
wouldn’t
know
how
to
cherish a red heart of gratitude to our
parents.
A.
gifted
B. blessed
C.
presented
D.
granted
18. A man aspiring to work more
for his country will work enthusiastically rather
than ________
at the first opportunity.
A.
untiringly
B. confidently
C.
listlessly
D. unselfishly
19. Mr. Wang
is not a man of logic; his digression from a topic
________ his talk on Korea Today.
A.
characterizes
B. emphasizes
C. combines
D. conducts
20. Though it is a casual word from his
slip of tongue, it ________ to us what is hidden
in the
depth of his heart.
A. spreads
B.
transfers
C.
interprets
D.
Reveals
Vocabulary Unit3 Book2
1. Your noble ideal amounts to no
________ , only it is to be realized by working
hard scores of
years.
A.
ambition
B. horizon
C.
shadowland
D.
concept
2. What they ________ you with
is not money or material, but their inexpressible
respect.
A. praise
B.
reward
C.
criticize
D.
recommend
3.
You
shouldn
’
t
concern
yourself
only
with
your
work
to
the
________
of
visiting
your
elder
parents often.
A.
ignorance
B. rebellion
C. attention
D.
neglect
4. I
felt so much sorrowed at the ________ of living
with my bully husband all my life that I cried
overnight.
A.
prospect
B. aspect
C.
inspection
D. respect
5. We will launch a Kunming city-
thorough- cleaning campaign very soon. Who is to
be elected as
________ ?
A. manager
B. negotiator
C. instructor
D.
superintendent
6.
Nowadays
sweaters
are
knitted
by
machine
rather
than
by
________
work.
It
is
the
case
of
science improving productivity.
A. mental
B
. manual
C.
mortal
D. mechanic
7.
Just
as
a
bar
of
________
gold
dreads
no
fire,
so
a
real
hero
does
no
hardship.
It
is
an
indisputable truth.
A. generative
B.
imitative
C. artificial
D.
genuine
8.
What an idiot you are, having put his love to the
________ by asking him to buy you a BMW!
A. proof
B. examination
C.
test
D. agreement
9. If I am in
________ about your sincerity, the best policy is
for you to prove it with your positive
performance.
A.
uncertainty
B. assurance
C. certainty
D. unbalance
10. You must study every article in the
________ before you affix your signature to it. Or
else you
may fall for trick.
A. contact
B.
abstract
C.
contract
D.
destruction
11.
That
ill-intentioned
boss,
seeing
me
as
greedy,
tried
every
means
to
________
me
into
his
illegal business.
A. attract
B.
welcome
C. appeal
D.
tempt
12. We
are on no intimate terms; to me you are nothing
but a nodding ________ , and how can
you ask me to lend you money?
A. partner
B. friend
C.
acquaintance
D. companion
13. My troops
are ________ where the enemy army has little
dreamed we are
—
where there
is no
fresh water or food!
A. constructed
B.
stationed
C. departed
D. accumulated
14. Lao Wang likes the little girl,
often _______ her by saying,
“
Call me Daddy, I will give
you
sweet drops!
”
A.
teasing
B. cheating
C. leading
D. holding
15.
She has to pay 5000 yuan in housing loan each
mouth, so she teaches English on the ________
in Kunming University of Science and
Technology.
A. part
B. whole
C.
side
D. section
16.
She said she had had enough of
it
—
her ________ husband had
used up all of their savings for
an
unworthy thing.
A. open-minded
B
.
bull-headed
C.
soft-hearted
D.
swift-footed
17. A yearly ________ must
be decided on as early as possible, for time and
tide wait for no man.
A. revolution
B. reward
C. reference
D.
resolution
18.
She is full of emotion to the point where tears
will ________ up in her eyes at the hearing of a
slightly sad story.
A. rush
B. raise
C.
well
D. run
19.
Success is the product of every ounce of effort,
every drop of sweat. Only if you ________ it
out, you will be loud of laugh some
day.
A. fix
B.
stick
C. nail
D. cut
20.
Though
he
has
been
racking
his
brains
about
the
problem
the
whole
morning,
he
can
’
t
________ up with a solution to it.
A. go
B. run
C. walk
D.
come
Vocabulary Unit 4 Book 2
1.
Follow
my advice, and
you will be
popular with them. Do the ________ , and you will
be
unwelcomed to them.
A.
reaction
B. response
C.
reverse
D. retreat
2.
Getting on with others, you must pay
attention to your general manner, for it will
________
their opinions of you.
A.
increase
B. construct
C. result
D.
shape
3.
500
yuan
a
month
is
________
for
my
needs;
I
can
’
t
add
any
more
burden
to
my
low-paid
widowed mother.
A.
rare
B.
ample
C. scarce
D. inevitable
4.
You are
25 now,
being mature
enough
to
base
your
decision
on
the ________
judgment
of
circumstances.
A
. rational
B. passionate
C.
indifferent
D. persistent
5. She ________ her boss every day for
cutting down her salary, but she has to admit that
he has
done it right.
A. compliments
B. appreciates
C.
destroys
D
. curses
6.
The
girl
,
though
clever-looking,
always
echoes
others
’
opinions,
never
having
a
personal
________ of work-related matters.
A.
subject
B.
theme
C.
perspective
D. extension
7.
Sunk
in
the
pain
of
failure,
one
will
not
lose
heart,
for
nothing
is
worse
to
his
future
than
________ .
A. setback
B.
despair
C. defense
D. morality
8.
Sufferings are common occurrences to every human
being. Don
’
t ________ them,
and just fix
our eyes on what is
pleasant.
A.
target
B. arrange
C
.
highlight
D.
locate
9. What is important is often
decided by what society needs;
don
’
t take it for granted
that you can
at will ________ over what
you think is not important.
A. turn
B. get
C. tide
D.
slip
10.
You
are
an
independent
girl
by
nature;
but
as
a
member
of
the
collective,
you
can
’
t
do
everything by ________ .
A. election
B.
choice
C. selection
D. option
11. His country
had been in political chaos of 10 years, through
which he was fortunate enough to
have
________ .
A.
lasted
B. prolonged
C
. lived
D. stayed
12.
A
round
of
________
crept
over
their
marriage
life,
low-paying
jobs
and
high-priced
necessities weighing down on the
couple.
A
. crisis
B.
criticism
C. comfort
D. progress
13.
A
three-day
holiday
is
a(n)
________
to
me,
far
beyond
my
expectation.
Not
a
single
day
passes without my working overtime.
A.
possibility
B. absence
C.
luxury
D. objective
14. Sincerity will end up bringing
friends around you. ________ , deception will doom
you to be a
deserted man.
A. Currently
B. Concretely
C.
Constantly
D.
Conversely
15. His enthusiasm for work
has largely ________ on his lofty ideal of aiding
native villagers in
shaking off
poverty.
A. put
B. placed
C.
fed
D. hung
16. One being her
mother, the other father, she felt it hard to
________ out a way to please both of
them.
A. put
B.
figure
C. count
D. add
17.
I
felt
very
much
________
against
seeing
her
again!
She
valued
my
hard
work
as
nothing,
spending money like
dirt.
A.
disgusting
B. disgust
C.
disgusted
D. to disgust
18. Utterly groundless is your ________
that sheer dream will bring your ambition to
fruition.
A. negation
B.
affirmation
C. objection
D. devotion
19.
What I feel deeply ________ for is that we finally
have had a family of our own despite untold
hardships.
A. thankless
B.
selfless
C.
thankful
D. selfish
20.
The man in red said,
“
You
are ________ beautiful !
”
Did he say it in earnest or
in fun? I
wondered.
A. credulously
B.
incredibly
C. creditably
D. incredulously
Vocabulary Unit 5 Book 2
1.
She is
intelligent enough about how to deal with people
for
you to ________ her for some
knowledge about it.
A.
advise
B. consult
C. direct
D. suggest
2.
As Dean of
Faculty
you
are
to
be
prudent
in
your
word,
rightly
heightening
our
________
instead of lowering it.
A. value
B.
position
C. progress
D. morale
3.
It seems to me very hard to
find a really ________ translator nowadays, for
seeking fame and
gain dampens the
people
’
s enthusiasm for
genuine knowledge.
A. comprehensible
B. available
C. capable
D. adaptable
4.
Financial
crisis,
coupled
with
the
lack
of
initiative
on
the
part
of
my
employees,
made
my
company ________ day by
day.
A. falter
B. hesitate
C. improve
D. develop
5.
Don
’
t
put
________
above
everything
else
in
developing
your
business;
to
a
noble-minded
businessman it
doesn
’
t mean everything.
A
charity
B.
morality
C. profit
D. evaluation
6.
She
sees
me
as
a
highly
respectable
senior,
always
taking
my
teachings
willingly
as
a(n)
________
to her studies.
A. excitement
B. allowance
C. construction
D. incentive
7.
If
you
really
want
to
________
off
fears
for
uncertain
future,
first
and
foremost
you
must
know for sure the whys of them.
A.
take
B. put
C.
shake
D.
leave
8.
A human
must die some day, which is a doom none can
escape. And then what are
you in
________ for ?
A. gloom
B. comfort
D.
mood
D. spirit
9.
Clouds
of
suspicion
often
blind
our
mind,
which
is
awfully
harmful,
constantly
________
interpersonal
relationship.
A. poisoned
B.
healing
C. poisoning
D. healed
10.
Though
he
is
suspicious-looking,
of
no
solid
evidence
is
your
________
that
he
has
stolen
money from you.
A.
doubt
B. suspicion
C. imagination
D. fiction
11. You can hide it for a time, but you
can
’
t for ever; sooner or
later its truth will ________ from
wherever you little dream of.
A.
disappear
B. immerse
C. emerge
D.
raise
12. Turn an ear to
your expression whereas cast an eye on your
________ . That is how we make a
rational judgment of a person.
A.
speech
B.
conduct
C. instruction
D.
operation
13. He is said to be an
upright man; you can
’
t
expect him to do anything that ________ the law in
his selfish interest.
A. adapts
B. violates
C.
defeats
D. confronts
14. We are
humans, so we are born with ________ . But we
can
’
t assume it as a pretext
that we
will make no effort to correct
them.
A. values
B. advantages
C. failings
D.
setbacks
15. Different experiences in
life ________ an organic whole to me , for my
personality has formed
on the basis of
them.
A. construct
B. constrain
C. conserve
D. constitute
16. We must develop those as successors
to our revolutionary cause who are of political
________
as well as of strong build.
A. integration
B.
integrity
C.
instruction
D. rationality
17. The girl is dubbed
little genius, well ________ for her precise
recitation of 1000 poems of the
Tang
dynasty.
A. marked
B. signed
C. noted
D. graded
18. For her age of 18 she should be CEO
–
to the admiration of the
home and abroad! The E here
stands
for________ .
A. excellent
B. extensive
C. extraordinary
D.
executive
19. If we say you are much of
a(n) ________ (
算个人物
)
< br>，
then you are a somebody if we
count
you as
nothing(
不把你当回事
), then you
are a nobody.
A. number
B. figure
C. accountant
D. operator
20. With money
you can
’
t necessarily create
happiness whereas with health you must be able to
bring in the latter. The truth is
simple that health ________ the pre-condition for
everything
else.
A.
safeguards
B. defends
C.
guarantees
D.
obstructs
Vocabulary Unit 6
Book 2
1.
If
we
can
explain
clearly
________
of
a
matter
in
simple
words,
we
are
to
be
universally
recognized educators.
A.
concentration
B.
complexity
C. competence
D. completion
2.
You
can
seek
to
be
different,
but
that
doesn’t
mean
making
what
is
different
________
to
what
is common.
A. complementary
B. compatible
C.
contradictory
D. conductive
3.
On the full moon night, stars emerged
behind clouds over the sky, in ________ , leaving
the
girl wondering which one was the
brightest.
A. multitudes
B. gatherings
C.
multiplications
D. collections
4.
Ideal and
reality can be likened to two legs of a man. Only
when we ________ one with the
other on
a rational basis, can we progress well in the
world.
A. interview
B. intercross
C. interlock
D. integrate
5.
Seen from the different
perspectives, a problem will be profoundly
analyzed. In doing so, we
are adopting
a(n) _________ thinking way.
A.
ideologically
B. dialectically
C.
unconditionally
D. certainly
6.
If we hold on to internal virtuous
purity, we will be immune from ________
temptations. Just
remember: The empty
bag can’t stand.
A. outside
B. physical
C. external
D.
remote
7. The car of this model is
reported to be highly reliable, for it has been on
________ 500 times
before it is
introduced to the market.
A. display
B.
trial
C.
march
D.
sale
8.
There is
something in everyone, so we should work out the
specific ________ to bring out the
best
in each employee.
A. trick
B. attempt
C. strategy
D. trap
9.
Politically
we are ________ apart, he being a kuomingdanger
and I a communist. Emotionally
we are
blood brothers, but we never talk politics.
A.
poles
B.
lines
C. paths
D. roads
10.
I am afraid you will never grow up,
ever there being ________ about you though you are
a
40-year-old adult now!
A. manhood
B. childishness
C.
womanishness
D. heroism
11. You couldn’t be crowned with
success without painstaking work. A
s is
known to all, every
achievement must go
________ in hand with every effort.
A. arm
B.
foot
C.
hand
D. palm
12. We
can’t
gain ________
into
everything,
for
we
are
powerless
to
channel
our energies
into
everything. So we can
focus only on something.
A. depth
B. insight
C.
march
D. invasion
13.
Fairly
speaking,
you
are
somewhat
________
to
me
in
English
but
far
inferior
to
me
in
Chinese. Is
it any wonder to say so?
A. better
B. senior
C. superior
D. advantageous
14.
Nowadays
many
couples
________
love
with
wealth.
What
love
really
means
is
more
and
more out of
focus.(
弄不清的
)
A. discontinue
B. correlate
C. contrast
B. maintain
15.
What
locks
the
door
to
creative
thinking
is
________
thinking,
which
confines
you
to
prescribed
things.(
规定性事物
)
A.
divergent
B. diversified
C. convergent
D.
concentrated
16.
We
can
judge
a
talent
by
three
standards:
perseverance,
flexibility
and
________ .
These
three complement one
another, forming an organic whole.
A. purity
B.
devotion
C.
sacrifice
D. originality
17.
I feel it difficult to
develop a romance with her. She ________ between
sorrow and joy to
such an extent that I
am not adaptable to her .
A. chooses
B. alternates
C. changes
D.
decides
18. What is a horror is nothing
but people not ________ between honor and
disgrace, and truth
and falsehood.
A.
deciding
B.
distracting
C.
distinguishing
D. distributing
19. What one does in the tough
circumstances can _________ the most essentially
what is in one
and who one is.
A. enlighten
B.
exhibit
C. explain
D. retell
20. Y
ou can’t expect a
conservative man to be really ________ in dealing
with people and things,
as his opinions
often fall short of the actual world.
A.
subjective
B. adjective
C. objective
D. attentive
大学综合英语
完型填空
学校：昆明理工大学
你心上
The Struggle
for an Education
（
Paras.
1-2
）
Booker gton
我的求学之路
布克·
T
·华盛顿
One
day, while at work in the coal-mine
(
煤矿
), I happened to overhear
(
无意中听到
) two
miners
(
矿工
)
talking
about
a
great
school
for
coloured
people
somewhere
in
Virginia.
In
the
darkness of the mine I noiselessly
crept as close as I could to the two men who were
talking. I
heard one tell the other
that not only was the school established for the
members of my race, but
that
opportunities were provided by which poor but
worthy students could work out all or a part of
the cost of board, and at the same time
be taught some trade or industry.
一天，
在煤矿上班时，
我无意中听到两个矿工说到
，
有一所专为有色人种开设的很好的
学校，
在弗吉尼亚州的某个地方。
矿井里一片漆黑，
我悄无声息地
爬到离那两人尽可能近的
地方。
我听到一个人对另一个说，
学校不仅是为了我的种族成员而专门建立的，
而且也会提
供机会，
使穷苦但上进的学生得以支付全部或部分食宿费用，
同时也能学会一门手艺或技术。
I
resolved at once to go to that school, although I
had no idea where it was, or how many
miles away, or how I was going to reach
it; I remembered only that I was on fire
constantly with
one ambition, and that
was to go to Hampton. This thought was with me day
and night.
我当即决定要去那所学校，虽然我根本
不知道，学校在哪里，
离我有多远，
我又该怎么
到那里；
我只记得心中有个愿望在熊熊燃烧，
那就是去
汉普顿。
这个念头日日夜夜在我心头
萦绕。
The Power of Positive
Thanking:Your key to a Happy and Better
Life
（
Paras.
1-3
）
Remez Sasson
积极思维的威力：幸福生活的秘诀
雷米兹·萨松
Positive
thinking means admitting into the mind thoughts,
words and images that are helpful
to
growth, expansion and success. It is the
expectation of good and favorable results. A
positive
mind
anticipates
happiness,
joy,
health
and
a
successful
outcome
of
every
situation
and
action.
Whatever the mind
expects, it finds.
积极思维就是将有利
于成长、
发展和成功的想法、
话语和图像纳入大脑之中。
积极思维
就是期待良好与顺利的结果。
积极思
维的头脑期待幸福、
愉悦与健康，
还有在任何情况与行
动中都会有成功的结局。大脑希望有什么，就能找到什么。
Not
everyone
accepts
or
believes
in
positive
thinking.
Some
consider
the
subject
as
just
nonsense,
and
others
laugh
at
people
who
believe
and
accept
it.
Among
the
people
who
are
familiar with this
subject, not many know how to use it effectively
in order to get results. Yet, it
seems
that more people are becoming attracted to this
subject, as evidenced by the many books,
lectures and courses about it. This is
a subject that is gaining popularity
(
流行
).
并不是每个人都会接受或相信积极思维的好处。
有些人会认为这样的话题完全是一派胡<
/p>
言，
另外的人对相信和接受积极思维的人嗤之以鼻。
而那些熟悉这个话题的人中，
知道如何
有效地行动而
达到理想结果的也不算多。
不过，
关注这个话题的人似乎越来越
多，
相关书籍、
讲座和课程越来越多，就是明证。这个话题已越
来越流行。
It is quite common to
hear people say,
worried. Most people
do not take these words seriously, as they do not
know what it really means,
or do not
consider it as useful and effective. How many
people do you know that ever stop to think
what the power of positive thinking
means?
常听人们对那些情绪低落而焦躁的人说：
“想开点！
”绝大多数人不把这样的话当回事
儿，因为他们不知道这话的真实含义，或者觉得它并不实用。试问，在你认识的人当中，有
多少人曾经停下来思考过积极思维的威力到底意味着什么呢？
Trust
（
Paras.
6-7
）
Andy Rooney
信任
安迪·鲁尼
It's
a
damn
good
thing
too,
because
the
whole
structure
of
our
society
depends
on
mutual
trust,
not distrust (
不信任
). This
whole thing we have going for us would fall apart
if we didn't
trust
each
other
most
of
the
time.
In
Italy,
they
have
an
awful
time
getting
any
money
for
the
government,
because
many
people
just
simply
don't
pay
their
income
tax.
Here
the
Internal
Revenue Service makes some gestures
toward enforcing the law, but mostly they just
have to trust
that we'll pay what we
owe. There has often been talk of a tax revolt in
this country, most recently
among
unemployed (
失业的
) auto
workers in Michigan, and our government pretty
much admits
if there was a widespread
tax revolt here, they wouldn't be able to do
anything about it.
这的确令人非常欣慰
，因为我们的整个社会体系依赖于人们的相互信任，而不是猜疑。
如果我们在大部分时间
里不能相互信任，那么我们享有其利益的整个社会体系就会分崩离
析。在意大利，政府很
难收到税款，因为很多人公然不缴所得税。在美国，国内税务局也做
出姿态说要执行法律
，
但政府主要还得靠信任，
相信公民会依法纳税。
在美国时常听到有人
扬言要抗税，
最近的例子是密歇
根州的一些失业汽车工人。
我们的政府也基本承认，
如果
“抗
税”蔓延开来，政府将束手无策。
We do what we say we'll do; we show up
when we say we'll show up; we deliver when we
say we'll deliver; and we pay when we
say we'll pay.
We trust each other in
these matters, and
when we don't do
what we've promised, it's a deviation
(
背离
) from the normal. It
happens often
that we don't act in good
faith and in a trustworthy
(
值得信赖的
) manner, but we still
consider it
unusual, and we're angry or
disappointed with the person or organization that
violates the trust we
have in them.
(I'm looking for something good to say about
mankind today.)
我们说做的事一定会做；<
/p>
我们说来就一定会来；
我们说送货就一定会送货；
我们说交钱
就一定会交钱。
在这些事情上我们都彼此信
任。
如果没有做到许诺的事情，
也只是异常情况。
做事不够诚实、
有负信任的情况时有发生，
但我们仍
然认为那不是正常现象，
而且对那些辜
负了我们信任的组织或个
人，
我们会感到愤慨或失望。
（我这是在为如今的人类找几句好
话
说说。）
Unlock Your Own
Creativity
（
Paras.
10-12
）
Roger von
Oech
开启你的创意
罗杰·冯·欧克
3.
My friend Nolan Bushnell, the founder
of Atari Inc. and inventor of the first video game
(
电视游
戏
), is a
dedicated (
专注的
) rule
breaker. Once Bushnell was trying to make pinball
(
弹球
) games
more
fun. For a long time he followed the rule that the
playing field had to be 26 inches wide.
Only
when
he
threw
away
that
rule
and
made
the
field
30
inches
was
he
able
to
increase
the
game's
possibilities.
3.
“按规矩办事。”要找到思路，你经常需要打破一些已经没有意义的规矩。我的朋友
诺兰
·布什内尔，雅达利公司的创始人，第一个电子游戏的发明者，就很热衷于打破陈规。
一
次，
布什内尔想使弹球戏更有趣一些。
有很长一段时间，他遵守
着这样一条规则：游戏界
面只能是
26
英寸宽。他抛开这条规则，把界面设成
30
英寸，这才得以使游
戏更具乐趣。
4.
喷气式客机
), you'd better keep
this
lock on your mind. When looking
for new ideas, however, you need a different
attitude. Success