-
阅
读
理
解
在浙江省专升本考试中，阅读理解
(Reading Comp
rehension)
所占比例最大，
总分值
< br>60
分，占试卷总分的五分之二。这一部分主要测试考生通过阅读获取书
面信息的能力以及考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力。
阅读理解分
为篇章
阅读理解和篇章词汇理解。
篇章阅读理解（一）
一、大纲解析
篇章阅读理解
(Passage
Reading)
部分采用多项选择题的形式进行考查。这<
/p>
部分测试分两节：
四篇文章和一篇
7
选
5
的文章。
第一
部分为仔细阅读理解，
其
中每篇长度为
300
词左右。每个篇章后有
5
个问题
，共
20
题。考生根据对篇章
的理解，
从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。
篇章阅读的材料均选自英
文原版材料，
包括报刊、
杂志、
书籍、
学术期刊等。
选材的大体特点如下：
1
、题材广泛，包括人文科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域，但
所涉及的背
景知识应为学生所了解或已在文章中提供。
2
、体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。
3
、阅读篇章难度适中，整体的难度大致介于浙江省大学
英语三级考试与全
国英语四级考试之间。
二、做题步骤及解题技巧
根据专升本
考试的时间安排，做一篇篇章阅读的时间大致需要控制在
10
到
12
分钟之内。要在这个时间内完成一篇阅读，需要合理的安排
做题的时间和做
题的步骤。建议的做题步骤可以分为以下几个阶段：
1
、审清题目
阅读一开始的时候，
首先应该读题，
可以用
一到两分钟的时间，
理解题干的
意思，
并且可以圈出题目中出现的关键词。
圈出关键词非常重要，
这样
有助于考
生能迅速的找到题目所问的相关内容，
使学生了解文章
结构，
让他们明白哪些是
重点，哪些是次要点。通过审题，考生
可以对题目大致有个了解，这样便能在阅
读文章的过程中，<
/p>
读到相关内容时提高注意力，
能更加着力分析其所含意义，
有
利于加深印象。
2
、阅读文章
在阅读文章的时候，
考生需要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉相关的
重要信
息，
这就便要求考生必须养成良好的阅读习惯。
切忌不要逐字逐词阅读，
理解每
一个单词、词组
或句子的意思，这样很花费考试时间，没有效率。而是应该根据
中心词和重点词连贯阅读
，
把握每段的中心句或中心思想，
根据题干中标出的定
位词在文章中定位关键信息，把握文章的大意。
在阅读整篇文章时需注意以下
几点：
(1)
注重段落首末。近几年浙江省专升本的阅读理解题目增
加了对段落首末
内容的考查。
在每段首末处，
< br>文章内容都会经常出现一些很具有代表性的观点和
总结性的概括，
这经常会成为阅读主旨和总结的考查地方。
读文章时特别要注意
首段的首尾两句话，
大多数情况下，
这两句话回事全文
的主旨，
会表明整篇文章
所表达意思的基调和方向。
(2)
注意转折性
连接词。文中的转折性的词汇经常会成为阅读考点的标志性
词汇，这类词汇是考题的解题
题眼所在。例如
however
、
bu
t
等词汇，跟在这些
词汇后面的内容通常就是考题的答案所在。
(3)
略读例句。阅读中经常出现一些例句，只用来补充说明文章所陈述的观
点，这些句子通常
是由
for
example
、
for
instance
、
e.g.
等短语或词语来引导。对
于这些例句，
除非阅读文章涉及的
题目中有所提及，
否则往往可以快速过掉甚至
可以忽略不读，这
样也能更加的提高阅读的速度。
(4)
忽略某些研究所表明的观点。阅读文章中，作者在给出某个观点后，有
时会在观点之
后加上某些研究表明
(
常出现
rese
arch
、
survey
、
study
等词汇
)
，那
么同样，除非阅读文章后的题目中有所提及，否则这些
rese
arch
、
survey
、
study
等所陈述的具体内容通常也可忽略不读。
因为通常情况下，
这些都只是作者在表
明他的观点后面，
为了进一步论证这一观点，
使文章更具有说服力，
< br>使他的观点
更加鲜明。然而，这些例子或者研究其本身对文章的主旨大意并没有任
何影响，
因此可以忽略。
3
、理解解题
在阅读完整篇文章之后，
考生能了解和理解其大致意义，
对文
章也有了整体
把握，这么更能有助于他们解题。解题时通常可以通过之前审题圈出的关键
词，
找出关键词所在原文的句子或者段落。
对这句话或者段落重
点理解和分析，
然后
再联系考生自我对文章的整体把握，逐一排
除选项，最后选出最佳答案。
三、主要题型
（一）主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要是
考察学生概括、
综合的能力。
从整体上来说，
< br>主旨大意题
是阅读题型中要求算高的，
因为它要求考生看
完文章后，
能对文章的大概框架作
一个宏观把握，归纳文章的要
点，概括文章的中心思想和分析文章的章篇结构，
从而解答后面的题目。
一般来说主旨大意题的考点都会很明显在出现在文章之中，
< br>通常的位子会是
首段的首句或者尾句，
更或者主题就存在
与文章末尾段。
在读文章的时候，
特别
要注意首尾两端有转折性的引导词，
引导词后面的语句大多数会是作者想表达的
观点，切忌注意。
1
、主旨大意题常见设问方式
What is the main idea of the passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
What is the main topic of the passage?
Which of the following can best sum up
the passage?
Which of the following can
best express/ summarize/ convey the main idea of
the
passage?
This passage is
mainly/ primarily concerned with ________ .
This passage is mainly about ________ .
This passage mainly discusses/ deals
with ________ .
The purpose/ aim of the
passage is to ________ .
The purpose of
the author in writing this passage is to ________
.
The passage is intended to ________ .
2
、主旨大意题解题技巧
(1)
文章首尾，首段首尾成为常见命题点。对于整篇文章来说，中心句、
主题句
通常就是在首尾的位子。
同样，
对于段落也是如此，
段首和段末一般是该段的主
旨句。
对于阅读时间紧张的同学，
有的时候实在是为了节约时间，
可以通过仔细
分析主题句、忽略其他部分去理解文章或者段落大意。
(2)
标志性引导词。
常见的标志性引导词有
but, however
等转折性的
连接词和表因
果的连词
because,
therefore, for, as a result
等。
它们所引导的句子往往会标明作者
的意图和观点，需要着重分析理解。
(3)
特殊标点符号。在文章的首段或者尾段带有冒
号和破折号的语句通常是作者
的想法，表明文章的内容和主体。
For example:
2010
年浙江工商大学阅读理解
Text 5
第
51
题：
The word religion is derived from the
Latin noun religion, which denotes both
earnest observance of ritual
obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In
modern
usage, religion covers a wide
spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous
variety
of
ways
the
term
can
be
interpreted.
At
one
extreme,
many
committed
believers
recognize
only
their
own
tradition
as
a
religion,
understanding
expressions
such
as
worship
and
prayer
to
refer
exclusively
to
the
practices
of
their
tradition.
Although
many believers stop
short of claiming an exclusive status for their
tradition, they may
nevertheless use
vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for
example, true love
of God, or the path
of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion
may be equated
with ignorance,
fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
By defining religion as a sacred
engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual
reality,
it
is
possible
to
consider
the
importance
of
religion
in
human
life
without
making claims about what it really is
or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a
single, fixed meaning, or even a zone
with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human
experience
that
may
intersect,
incorporate, or transcend
other
aspects
of
life
and
society.
Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting
the investigation of religion
to Western or biblical categories such
as monotheism (belief in one god
only
）
or to
church
structure,
which
are
not
universal.
For
example,
in
tribal
societies,
religion
unlike the
Christian church usually is not a separate
institution but pervades the whole
of
public
and
private
life.
In
Buddhism,
gods
are
not
as
central
as
the
idea
of
a
Buddha.
In many traditional
cultures,
the idea of a sacred cosmic
order
is
the most
prominent
religious
belief.
Because
of
this
variety,
some
scholars
prefer
to
use
a
general term such as the
sacred to designate the common foundation of
religious life.
Religion
in
this
understanding
includes
a
complex
of
activities
that
cannot
be
reduced
to any single aspect of human experience. It is a
part of individual life but
also
of
group
dynamics.
Religion
includes
patterns
of
behavior
but
also
patterns
of
language
and
thought.
It
is
sometimes
a
highly
organized
institution
that
sets
itself
apart
from
a
culture,
and
it
is
sometimes
an
integral
part
of
a
culture.
Religious
experience
may
be
expressed
in
visual
symbols,
dance
and
performance,
elaborate
philosophical
systems,
legendary
and
imaginative
stories,
formal
ceremonies,
and
detailed
rules
of
ethical
conduct
and
law.
Each
of
these
elements
assumes
innumerable
cultural
forms.
In
some
ways
there
are
as
many
forms
of
religious
expression as
there are human cultural environments.
is the passage mainly concerned
about
？
A.
Religion has a variety of interpretation.
B. Religion is a reflection of
ignorance.
C. Religion is not only
confined to the Christian categories.
D. Religion includes all kinds of
activities.
解析：
答案
A
。题目就是一个典型的主旨大意题，问及全文的主要内容，考查考
生的总结和归纳能力。
整篇文章是都是围绕
“
religion
”
这个单词展开说明，
介绍这
个单词的起源以及它的含义和解释。从第一段第二句和文章最后一句
话可以看
出，
“
religion
”
的解释和表现形式有很多种，
全文其他部
分都是在对此进行说明和
补充，因此答案为
A
< br>。
2008
年浙江工商大学阅读理解
Passage
1
第
81
题：
Science is guided by the vast body of
scientific laws that have been established
through careful experimentation over
the past 300 years. Although there is no precise
prescription for doing science, there
is
a
general scheme for
doing science. Science
begins when a
natural phenomenon is observed that raises a
question for which there
is no known
answer. Doing science involves thinking of ways to
explain the natural
phenomenon and
answering the question raised. The various
explanations invented by
a scientist
involve a creative process that is based on one’s
own personal experiences
as well as
known scientific laws and theories. Thinking of
the initial question to ask
about the
observed phenomenon, and all conceivable
（能想得出来的）
explanations
(or
hypotheses) to explain the phenomenon are among
the most creative moments in
doing
science.
A hypothesis is based on one’s
personal life experiences,
and can also
embody a
known scientific theory or
law. The combination of a theory or law that
applies to the
phenomenon
under
study
plus
the
scientist’s
proposed
hypothesis
to
explain
the
phenomenon is called a model. A model
can be a statement of a concept, a physical
model,
a
diagram,
or
a
mathematical
expression.
The
process
of
explaining
the
patterns and trends
in
data based on known scientific theory
is
called modeling the
data.
A reason that a model is always simpler than the
actual phenomenon observed is
that
the
theories
and
laws
are
simplifications
and
generalizations
of
the
patterns
observed in nature. The basic premise
in science is that knowledge is advanced when
a correspondence is found between the
model and the observed phenomenon.
The foundations of scientific inquiry
in the physical sciences rest on developing
the
skills
to
pose
a
scientific
question,
to
develop,
to
test
and
to
apply
a
scientific
model that adequately accounts for the
observed phenomena.
85. Which of the
following is the best title of the passage?
A. Hypothesis and Model in Science.
B. The Function of a Hypothesis.
C. How is Science Done?
D.
Phenomenon and Scientific Inquiry.
解析：<
/p>
答案
C
。这道题考查的也是考生对文章主
旨的把握。这道题还是需要通读
全文之后才能选出正确的答案，
A
这个选项表示科学中的假说和模型，
这个只是
文章第二段的描述和归纳，不全面。
B
项表示假说的运
用，也只是文章第二段的
一个内容，并非全文的主旨。
D
项说明是科学探究与现实现象，这个只是第三段
的概括说明。全文是阐
述了科学是怎么形成的，故答案为
C
。
(
二
)
短文细节题
短文细节题考查信息查找
能力和句子的理解能力。细节题在阅读理解考试中
所占的比重相当大，
< br>细节题的内容包含广阔，
很细小的点都会成为细节题的考点。
这类问题要求考生需要认真仔细的理解与文章有关的内容，正确把握文章的情
感，以
及找出其他有关的细节或具体的数据等。
短文细节题有个很明
显的特点就是问题答案能在文章中直接找出。
很多时候
答案都是
原句换了一个表示的词汇，
但是意思仍与作者意图相同。
由于考
试时间
非常紧张，对于考生来说，做好细节题，首先是要在原文找到相关信息。首先就<
/p>
需要理解题干的意思，
找出关键词，
然后
再到文章中定位到相关语句，
对此句再
进行认真分析和理解。<
/p>
1
、短文细节题常见设问方式
Which of the following is true/false?
Which of the following is not the
result of ________?
What causes ______?
Why does the author mention ______?
The author gives this example to
illustrate _______?
Which of the
following are people allowed to do?
What do we know about _____?
Which of the following best
characterizes the main feature of ________ ?
The
question in lines XX is based on which of the
following assumptions?
The author uses which of
the following in the XX paragraph?
In line XX the
author distinguishes between______?
2
、短文细节题解题技巧
(1)
关键词定位，利用题干中的关键词或者关键短语快速在
文中找到相应的词或
句子，在对应的词或句子所在的句子中认真理解分析，再选出答案。
(2)
在重要、
< br>关键的词语或短语下做上记号，
如表示时间与年代的词；
表示条件、
目的、方法、步骤、原因等词；表示人名、地名或其他的专有名词；数据；某
些
副词
（如：
always,
seldom, absolutely, entirely, relatively,
particularly, hardly, merely,
virtually
等等）
，这些词汇或短语都有可能成为答案所在的标志。
(3)
注意留意复合句，如同位语、插入
语、定语、不定式等，往往这种复合句能
使考生更加明了作者的意图。
< br>
(4)
圈出表示条件、递进、转折、例证、原因、总
结等语标词，它们所引导的句
子很有可能藏有考点，它们均与短文细节有所关联。
For example:
2012
年浙江省专升本阅读试题
Passage Four
中第
16
题：
The
U.S.
Travel
Association
confirmed
in
a
survey
what
many
frustrated
fliers
already know: The
No.1 airport
headache
is passengers
who
pull
too many carry-on
bags through security and onto flights.
That
number
has
skyrocketed
in
recent
years
—
86
million
more
bags
were
carried
on
in
the
year
than
during
the
same
period
two
years
earlier,
the
Transportation Security
Administration estimates.
The reason
for the carry-on jump is no mystery: All the major
domestic airlines
now charge to check
(
托
运
)
even one bag,
generally $$25. To save money and time at the
baggage
claim,
passengers
carry
as
much
as
they
can
on
board,
with
predictable
consequences.
At security checkpoints, these millions
of extra bags, many of them
densely
packed,
mean
longer
lines.
Once
past
security,
the
fun
continues
at
boarding.
On
a
typical flight,
there
’
s a fierce fight for
scarce overhead bin space, extending the
boarding
process.
Bags
that
are
stuffed
under
seats
make
passengers
even
more
uncomfortable.
There has got
to be a better
way
. In
fact, there is.
Here
’
s
what a
more
sensible
system would look
like:
No fee for the first piece of
checked luggage. It would be better if airlines
simply
raised
fares(
机票
)
instead
of
fees.
Limit
the
carry-
on
size
and
charge
for
large
carry-ons.
Use
templates(
标尺
) at
the
security
checkpoints
to
cut
off
the
monster
bags that now often
escape airline staff
’
s
notice
until
they
’r
e right at the door of
the
plane.
Tax
the airlines
’
income from
fees the same
way that fares
are taxed.
Currently
,
the
fees are
tax
free, encouraging airlines to
generate income through fees rather
than
fare increases.
W
e
’r
e
sympathetic to the airline
industry
’
s need to make
money, but the baggage
fees
—
previously
intended
to
offset
rising
fuel
costs
—
have
become
an
interruption
that
slows
down
the
security
check,
offloads
costs
onto
fliers
and
makes
the
boarding
process even more
unpleasant than it already is.
1
．
What makes the air travelers most
frustrated at the airport?
A. The limited overhead bin space for
bags.
B. The number of bags they carry
onboard
C. The long line at the baggage
claim.
D. The extra fee they have to
pay for carry-ons.
解析
：
B
。根据关键词
frustrated
可以定位到文章第一段。得知：让乘客最为头痛
的就是安检和登机的时候携带
过多的行李。故答案为
B
。
(
三
)
词义猜测题
词义猜测是指在阅读理解
中，
考生需要根据上下文的意思和自己所学的内容
去推测不熟悉
或者陌生的词汇或者短语的大意，
要求考生就词汇或者短语找出近
义词或者合理的解释说明。
词义猜测题主要考查以下几个方面：
(1)
考查考生熟悉词汇的生僻含义，即很多词汇考生了解其
通常含义，但是在具
体的情境和语境之中，词汇会有一些不常用的陌生意义。
(2)
考查考生对指代词的理解，例如文章中所出现的
it,
this, that
等指代词，考查
这些词汇所指代的意思。
(3)
考查考生通过对其近义词、
反义词甚至是修饰词的理解去猜测词汇意思。
(4)
考查考生理解文中俚语、谚语的意思。
1
、词义猜测题常见设问方式
The
word “…” in the passage means ________
.
The word “…” (Line …)
could be best replaced by ________ .
According to the passage, the word “…”
is referred to as ________ .
As used in the passage, the phrase
“…”
suggests ________ .