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实用标准文案
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学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容
易的，我们一般从三
方面进行区分，即：语法、语
义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分
;
语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和
外延等的区分
;
文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬
义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的
50
组同义词
。
1.
路
way: Wherever there is room
for an object
to proceed, there is a
way.
road: A
road is a prepared way for
traveling
with horses or vehicles.
path: A way suitable to be traveled
only by
foot passengers or by animals.
route: A route
is a line of travel, and may
be over
many roads.
street: A street is in some centre of
habitation, as a city town or village,
when it
passes between houses of
dwellings.
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avenue: A avenue is a long,
broad and
imposing(
壮严
) or principal street.
2.
时代
(
期
)
(
时期
)
period: It indicates any
passage of time,
great or small. /an
extent of time of any
length.(
时代
)
time(s): It
refers to a period in history. in
ancient times/ in Victoria time
(
新时代
)
epoch: It indicates a long
period of time
marked by events or
development of a
particular kind.
The first
flight into space marked a new
epoch in
the history of mankind.(
纪元
)
era: It refers
to a very long period of time
marked by
a particular feature in a great new
era
of world revolution(
时期
)
age: It shows a
particular /a fairly definite
period in
history. the Bronze Age, Iron Age
实用标准文案
3.
战斗
(
打仗
)
fight: It is a
bodily struggle (
奋斗
斗争
)
struggle: An effort of any kind to
overcome difficulty.
(
战斗
)
battle: A fight between armed
forces.
(
战役
) campaign: A
series of related
military operations
in a war.
(
战争
) war: A
period of fight between
countries or
states when weapons are used
and many
people are killed.
(
对抗
) combat: A
fight, conflict,
controversy.
4.
牧师
(
教士
牧师
)
priest: A person, esp. a
man specially
trained for various
religious duties and
ceremonies, in the
Christian church, esp. in the
Roman
Catholic church
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(
牧师
) minister: A
member of clergy, esp.
Protestant
churches.
(
牧师
) clergy(pl):
The officially appointed
leader of the
religious activities of a particular
church or temple.
clergyman: clergymen(pl) a
member of
clergy.
(
牧师
)
pastor: A Christian religious leader
in
charge of a church and its members, esp. in
a Protestant church.
(
教区牧师
) vicar: A
priest in charge of an
area(parish) in
the church of England.
father: A little of respect for a
priest, esp.
in the Roman Catholic.
5.
服装
clothing(collect): (fml)
General term of
clothes.
实用标准文案
clothes(no single):
Coverings of the body
such as
coats,dresses, suits, shoes, hats.
garment(fl): A suit of
clothes used by
actors./a single
article of clothing.
costume:
1) The fashion of dress peculiar to a
people, nation, class, period, etc.
2) A dress worn
by actors in a play.
uniform: worn by
all members of the
community.
dress:
1) A kind of
outer garment worn by
women
(
连衣裙
).
2) worn on special
occasions (
礼服
)
evening dress/ morning dress
suit: A set of
outer clothes to be worn
together.
evening suit/swimming suit
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coat: A garment with sleeves worn on
top
of other clothes from rain, heat,
etc.
overcoat:
A warn coat worn in the street.
6.
哭
cry: The most
general one.
(
哭泣
) weep: To let
flow tears.
(
抽泣
抽嗒
) sob: To weep or sigh
with short
quick breaths.
(
哭天抹泪
涕泪交流
) snivel: To sniffle and
cry in a irritating manner.
(
哭嚎
又哭又闹
) blubber: To cry loudly
noisily.
(
发出低声报怨声
) whine:
To make a low
complaining cry.
(
嚎哭
) bawl: To
utter loud cries (always in
bad sense).
(
痛哭
) wail: To cry
aloud from pain or
sorrow.
实用标准文案
(
呻吟
)
moan: To make a low, miserable
sound in
pain or sorrow.
(
呻吟
) grown: To
make a low sound of pain,
unhappiness
or disapproval
(
哀悼
) mourn: To
feel or show sadness or
sorrow for
someone who has died.
(
哀悼
) lament: To
express great sorrow or
regret.
7.
美丽
漂亮
good-looking: Having an attractive
appearance in a strong, healthy way
used for
men and women not things.
beautiful: ( a
woman or a thing)
Suggesting symmetry
of features or perfection
of
proportion, elegance and mobility. beautiful
flowers, a beautiful
girl/voice/city/face
beautiful weather.
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handsome: Of attractive appearance
applies to men. a handsome
fellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man.
pretty: (a
girl, or a small thing) Suggesting
liveliness and sweetness, pleasing or
nice to
look at. a pretty little
woman/garden, a pretty
girl/
picture/piece of music,
lovely: (something) So beautiful that
it
makes you feel good to look at it or
even to
think about it. The garden
looks lovely.
fair: Beautiful( of woman in poet)
light in
color esp., skin hair.
gorgeous:
(persons or things) (inf)
Extremely
beautiful or handsome.
8.
拉、拖
pull: The most general one.
draw: It
implies a smoother, steadier
motion and
generally a lighter force than pull.
实用标准文案
drag: It usually refers to
horizontal motion
or motion up an
incline (slope) and it suggests
laborious efforts over rough ground or
against
friction, resistance or
gravity.
The
escaped prisoner was dragged out of
his
hiding place.
haul: It implies continuous pulling or
dragging of heavy or bulky objects.
The fisherman
is hauling a net.
tug: It applies to hard often sudden
violent effort to pull.
He tugged at my sleeve to
ask directions.
jerk: To pull suddenly.
He jerked out the knife
that was stuck in
the wound.
tow: To pull by
a rope or chain. We towed
the car to
the nearest garage.
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wrench: To pull
hard with a twisting or
turning
movement.
9.
旋转
turn: The most general one.
(
自转
) spin: To
turn quickly around a
central point.
It emphasizes
the continuity of the action,
and
usually the narrow extent of the circular
motion.
The wheel is spinning on its axis.
(
急转
) whirl: To
round very fast.
It implies the lock of conscious
control.
The
leaves whirl in the wind in the yard.
(
转动
)
rotate: To turn round a fixed point
with a circular movement.
The earth rotates once
every 24 hours.
实用标准文案
(
绕转
) revolve: To
turn or move in a circle
around a
central point.
It indicates circular or elliptical
(
椭圆
)
movement.
The planets
revolve around the sun.
10.
生气、气愤
anger: The most
general one.
(
易怒
) be cross:
Feeling easy to get angry.
(
愤慨
) indignation:
(fml) Anger.
It
stresses righteous anger at what one
considers unfair, mean or shameful.
We expressed
our indignation at the
ruthless
exploitation.
(
愤怒
) wrath: Very
treat anger. (literary)
It suggests a desire on intent to
revenge
or punish.
(
狂怒
)
rage: Wild, violent anger.
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It suggests loss of self- control from
violence of emotion. in a rage /to fall
into a
rage.
(
暴怒
) fury:
Violent, extreme and
destructive anger.
She flew into a
fury.
11.
错误
(
误会
)
mistake: A wrong thought, act. It
implies carelessness Anyone can make a
mistake.
(
过错
弱点
) fault: A bad point, but
not of a
serious moral kind. It refers
to behavior and
character. His only
fault is that he lacks
ambition.
find fault with
sb / at fault shortcoming:
Weakness,
failing
It
refers to failures or deficiencies in things
as well as people.
实用标准文案
In spite of all her
shortcomings I still think
she's one of
the best teachers in the school.
(
疏忽
)
error: A mistake (formal sometimes
literary)
It implies deviation from a standard or
model
The accident was caused by human error.
(
缺点
毛病
) defect: sth lacking or
imperfect.
It refers to quality.
The radio was returned
because of a
defect.
(
失误
过失
) blunder: A very stupid
or
unnecessary mistake.
It implies ignorance.
This is the
fatal blunder of his life.
12.
图画
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picture: The most general one.
(
彩图
) painting:
pictures with color.
(
绘画
图画
) drawing: A picture made
with a
pen, pencil and crayon. Sketch,
diagrams and
graphs are all drawings.
(
草图
) sketch: A
rough not detailed
drawing.
(
图解
图表
) diagram: A drawing,
figure that
shows the arrangement of
something.
(
曲线图
) graph: A
diagram in which a
straight line,
curved, or zigzag line shows how
two
sets of numbers or measurements are
related.
(
插图
)
illustration: A picture to go with
words of a book.
(
图样
草图
) draft: The first rough
written
form of anything.
实用标准文案
(
平面图
)
plan: A line drawing of a building
as
it might been seen from above.
(
主视图
)
elevation: A flat upright side of a
building.
(
海图
) chart: A map
esp. a detailed map of
a sea area.
13.
特别
(
专门的
,
与众不同的
) special: Different in
some way from what is common, ordinary,
or
usual.
It stresses having a quality,
character,
identity, or use of its own.
The tube
contains special gases.
(
特别的
) especial:
(fml) To an usually great
degree,
exceptional
It
emphasizes the importance of the
things
or the persons mentioned
This is a matter of especial
importance.
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(
各别的
)
particular: Relating or belonging
to
only one thing or person.
It stresses the distinctness of
something as
an individual which is
worth notice. In that
particular case,
the rule doesn't hold.(
适用
)
(
特种的
) specific:
Detailed and exact, clear
in meaning
and explanation, fixed,
determined.(used in scientific
articles)
It
implies a quality or character
distinguishing a kind or a species.
He gave me a
very specific instruction.
There is a
specific tool for each job.
(
独特的
)
peculiar: Strange or perhaps
unpleasant.
It implies strangeness. He has a
peculiar
way of speaking.
14.
取消、消灭
实用标准文案
(
取消
解除
) cancel: To give up, to
declare
something is to be effective.
He has
cancelled his leave of
absence.(
消
假
)
(
废除
废止
) abolish: To do away
with. It
refers to practices, social
institutions. Bad
customs should be
abolished.
(
消灭
排除
) eliminate: To get rid
of.
We should
eliminate the false and retain
the
true.
(
撤消
废除
) repeal: To bring to an
end of
the effect of a law or an order.
Some laws
should be repealed.
(
根除
消灭
) exterminate: To destroy
completely and alism must be
exterminated.
15.
破碎
break: The most general
one.
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(
压碎
压破
) crush: To press together
violently as to break, to destroy its
shape by
squeezing it. It suggests the
effect of great
external pressure.
The tree fell
on top of the car and crushed
it.
(
打碎
) smash: To
break thoroughly to
pieces with a
crushing sound.
She dropped the plate and smashed it.
(
打裂
) crack: To
break without separation
of parts.
It suggests the
breaking out across a
surface.
He cracked the
window by leaning against
it.
(
破裂
) burst: To
break open by pressure
from within.
实用标准文案
The fireworks burst while
they were in the
air.
(
砸碎
破碎
) shatter: To break into
pieces.
It
suggests the breaking up of a thin
surface.
The glass was shattered to pieces.
(
撞坏
) crash: To
refer to the vehicle which
hits
something and is badly damaged.
16.
环境
形势
(
环境
形势
) conditions: The location
and
other factors likely to
affect it. It suggests
something that has
stayed the same for
some time and
which affects daily life such
as food,
work, and houses.
We are now studying the economic
conditions in the developing countries.
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(
形势
) situation: A
position or state at a
particular time,
set of conditions, facts, and
events
having an effect on a person, society,
etc.
It suggests more general matters such
as
government planning and finance.
The political
situation in these countries
are always
changing.
(
环境
周围
外界
)
environment: The
circumstances, things
and conditions that
influence you. It
refers to spirit aspect, physical
aspect and
material aspect. We must try to
beautify
our environment.
(
形势
情况
) circumstance(s): A
situation or
event around us, a certain
kind of atmosphere,
the conditions that
affect
what
happens. in (under) the
circumstances