-
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题
一、句子成份
英语句子成分有主语,
谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般
是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
<
/p>
1
、主语:
表示句子主要说明的人或事物
,
一般位于句首。
但在
there <
/p>
be
结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)
和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的<
/p>
形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
(乡村音乐)
has become more and
more popular.
(名词)
(我们)
often speak English in
class.
(代词)
(三分之一)
of the students in
this class are girls.
(数词)
(游泳)
in the river is a great
pleasure.
(不定式)
(吸烟)
does harm to the
health.
(动名词)
(富人)
should help
the poor.
(名词化的形容词)
(什么时候我们参加考试)
has not been
decided.
(主语从句)
It
is
necessary
p>
(学会一门外语)
.
(
it
作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
2
、
谓语:
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
< br>
3
、
1)
简单谓语:
We
(学习)
for the people.
4
、
2)
复合谓语:
I
(可以说)
a little
English.
We
(正在读)
books. He
(已经去了)
to
Beijing..
3
、表语
:
它位于系动词
(
比如
< br>be)
之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
My sister is
(一个护士)
.
Is it
(你的)
(代词)
The weather has turned
cold<
/p>
.
(形容词)
The speech is
exciting.
(分词)
Three times seven is
twenty
one
(数词)
His
job
is
(教英
语)
.
(不定
式)
His
hobby
(爱好)
is
(打篮球)
(动名
< br>词)
The ruler
must be
(在你的包里)
(介词短语)
Time is
(到了)
. The class is
(结束)
.
(副词)
The truth
is
(他没有
去过国外)
.
(表语从句)<
/p>
4
、宾语
:
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,
We like
(英语)
.
How many dictionaries do you have I
have
(5本字典)
.
(数词)
They
helped
(老人)
with their housework
yesterday.
(名词化形容词)
It began
(下雨
)
.
(不定式短语)
I enjoy
(喜欢听流行音乐)
.
(动名词短语)
I think
(他适合
be fit
for
这份工作)
(宾语从句)
有些及物动词可以带两
个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave
(
给我一些墨水)
.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要
有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
We
make
(让他成为我们的班长
monitor)
.
5
、宾补
:
就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的
I see you
(
正在横穿马路)
.
His father named him
David
p>
.
(名词)
They painted
(涂漆)
their boat
(
白色的)
.
(形容词)
Let
the fresh
(新鲜的)
air
(进来)
.
(副词)
You mustn’t force him
.
(不定式短语)
We saw
her
(正走进办公室
)
.
(现在分词)
We found everything in the
lab
(井然有序
order
)
.
(介词短语)
6
、定语
:
在句中修饰
名词或代词
的成分叫定语。
He is
(新生)
student.
但副词,
动词不定式,介
词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词
之后
p>
。
The
bike
(在那个方房间)
is mine.
Guilin is a
(漂亮的)
city.
(形容词)
China is a
(发展中)
country; America is a
(发达)
country.
(分词)
There are thirty
(女性的)
teachers is our
school.
(名词)
(她的)
progress
(进步)<
/p>
in English made us
surprised.
(代词)
Our monitor
(班长)
is always the first
p>
(进教室的人)
.
(不定式短语)
He is reading an
article(
文章
)
(关于如何学好英语)
.
(介词短语)
7
、状语
:
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后
或放在句尾。
副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He
lives
(在伦敦)
.
Light travels
<
/p>
(最快的)
.
(副词及副词性词组)
p>
He has lived in the city
(
十年了)
.
(介词短语)
He is sorry
(
打扰你了)
.
(不定式短语)
He is in the room
.
(制造了一架模型飞机)
(分词短语)
(一旦你开始)
, you must
continue.
(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about
meeting again
(六点钟)
(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance
party
(由
于下雨)
.
(原因状语)
I shall go there
(假如不下雨)
.
(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives
(在三楼)
.
(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket
(小心翼翼的)
.
(方式状语)
She
came in
(手里边拿着一本字典)
.
(伴随状语
)
(为了赶上其他人)
, I must work
harder.
(目的状语)
(
in
order
to
)
He was so tired
(
以至于他立马就睡着了)
.
(结果状语)
She works very
hard
(
尽管他年龄很大)
.
(让步状语)
I am taller
p>
(比他高)
.
(比较状语)
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1. The students got on the school
bus.
2. He handed me the
newspaper.
3.
I
shall
answer
your
question
after
class.
4. His job
is to train swimmers.
9. He
found it important to master English.
10. Do you have anything else to
say
11. Would you please
tell me your address
12. He
sat there
,
reading a
newspaper.
5.
He
took
many
photos
of
the
palaces
in
is our duty to keep
our classroom clean and
Beijing.
6. His
wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in
time.
8. Tom came to ask me
for advice
(建议)
.
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子看上
去纷繁庞杂,
但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。
这五个基本句式
可以演变出多种复杂的英语句
子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成
的。这五个基本句式如下:
tidy.
14. He
noticed
(注意到)
a man enter the
room.
15. The apples tasted
sweet.