-
2018
年托福考
试:语法模拟试题及答案详解
1. Most
doctors of the Colonial period believed _______
was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about
disease
答案:
B
分析:动词
believe
的用法:直接加
that
引导的宾语从句。这
里
that
为连接
adv.
,在句中不作任何
成分,其后接完整句。
参考译文:大多数殖民时期的医生
认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell
became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House
in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first
woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman
conducts first
答案:
B
分析:缺宾语,答案中只有
B
,
D
可以作宾语,但
D
的语序不对。
参考译文:
1976<
/p>
,
Sarah Caldwell
成为在
第一个在纽约
Metropolitan Opera
House
演出的演奏家
补充:
常考
the
first/second/… one to do sth
3.
On
January
7
,
1955
,
Marian
Anderson
became
_________
to
sing
a
major
role
at
New
York
City's
Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African
American
B. the
first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the
first African American
答案:
A
分析:缺宾语,
C
,
< br>
D
都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语,而
B
中有
was
,句中
出现两个谓
语,一定错。
参考译文:
1955
年
1
月
7
号,
Marian Anderson
成为在第一个在纽约
Metropolitan
Opera
House
担任主唱的美
籍黑人。
4. Perhaps the
most significant postwar trend was the
decentralization of cities throughout the United
States
,
_________
when massive highway-building programs permitted
greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon
that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon
which
,
D. the acceleration of
which phenomenon
答案:
B
分析:
考的是同位语结构,
a
phenomenon
是
the
decentralization of cities throughout the United
States
的同位语。
A
中
and
为
conj.
,后面应该连接一个完整的句子,但缺主语,错
;C
中语序混乱
,错
; D
中
of which
作为介
词宾语,后面应该接一个完整句,但只有一个
< br>phenomenon
主语,句子不完整,错。
参考译文:可能战后最重大的趋势
就是美国城市的分散化,当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊
区,这个现
象更被促进了。
补充:
accelerate/
accomplish/ achieve/ evolve
都可以是
< br>vi.
不接宾语
5. Ronald Reagan had served
two terms as governor of California before
_________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he
become
答案:
A
分析:
before
为状语从句引导词
conj
,后面一般引导一个完整的
句子。
B
同时出现两个状语从句引
导词
,错
;C
缺主语
;D
< br>应该为正常语序,选项中使用了倒装句式,错。
参考译文:里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。
6. _________
,
domesticated grapes grow in
clusters
,
range
in color from pale green to
black
,
and
contain
sugar in varying
quantities.
A.
Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although
their botanical classification as berries
C. Because
berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified
botanically as berries
答案:
D
分析:句子的主语是
grapes
,
后面是平行结构
< br>grow…
,
range…
,
and contain…
。空格后的句
子已完整,
那么空格处就应该是同位语,
状语从句,
分词等修饰成分。
A
中
Their
指代不明,
而且
class
ification
和
berries
也不相符,错
;B
中
Although
为
conj.
,后面应该是完整句,错
;C
中
Because
为
conj.
,后面应该是完整句,错。
参考译文:培植的葡
萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的,它们成串的长在树上,颜色从灰白色到黑色,并且包含由不
同数量的糖份。
7. The cymbal is ________ in the
military band and is also frequently used in
modern orchestral music.
A. a basic instrument
B.
basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument
it is
D. as an
instrument is basic
答案:
A
分析:
instrument
可数,前
面应该有限定词
前为一简单句。
参考译文:铙钹在军乐队里是一个
基本的乐器,而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
8.
In
instrumentalist
philosophy
,
ideas
and
knowledge
are
exclusively
functional
processes
:
they
are
of
significance only _________
instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
C. there are
D. are
答案:
A
分析:两个谓语需要有一个
conj.
来连接。一个句子中出现
2
个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
p>
参考译文:
在乐器演奏家的哲学里面,思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验
发展的过程中,用于乐器演奏。
9. _________ either by
cooling or by depriving the fire of
oxygen
,
and most
do both.
A.
Working fire extinguishers
B. Fire extinguishers that work
C. Fire
extinguishers work
D. The work of fire extinguishers
答案:
C
分析:空格中缺主谓。
A
中没有谓语<
/p>
;B
中
that
多余,因为句中只有一个谓语
;D
也没有谓语。
参考译文:灭火器的通
过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的,大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
10.
The
introduction
of
mass-production
methods
enabled
many
people
_________
and
gave
them
an
unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase
their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own
purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
答案:
A
分析:为固定结构
enable sb to do sth.
参考译文:规模生产方法的产生,
使得人们能够买自己的车,并获得了空前的灵活性。
1. Frances
Perkins
,
_________ of the United States
cabinet
,
served
in the cabinet as secretary of labor from
1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female
member
C. the
first female member who
D. of whom the
first female member
答案:
A
分
析:主语同位语结构。
B
中多了一个谓语
was
,因为后面已经有一个谓语动词
served
,
一个句
子中出现<
/p>
2
个谓语且没有连接词就一定错
; C<
/p>
中
who
多余,用法也不正确
;D
中
of whom
多
余,不是定语从句,
考的是
同位语结构。
参考译文:
Frances Perkins
< br>,是美国内阁的第一为女性成员,她从
1933
到
1945
年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。
2. When
_________ to dough and
heated
,
carbon
dioxide is released
,
causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking
powder is
C. is
baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案:
D
分析:
When
为状语从句引导词
;
语序应该为正常语序,
A
,
C
错
;B
语序混乱,明显应该用被动形式,
而且有固定结构
p>
add to.
参考译文:当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候,会释放出二氧化碳,使得面团涨开。
3. _________
the percentage of individuals with similar traits
in succeeding generations
,
geneticists use the
theory
of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
答案:
B
分析:
to calculate
,这
里用不定式表示
“
目的
”
,前半句的逻辑主语是
geneticists
,只
有
B
符合要求
;A
中只有主语,句子不完整。
参考译文:遗传学家运用概率的理论来计算在后代中拥有相似特点个体占有的百分比。<
/p>
补充:
如同
A
的形式,
逗号前面就是一个名词短语,
然而正确的句子里,
名词短语要么作为主语的同位语,
要么本身是主语,
如
11
题。
否则就是脱离句子成分,
成为错误。
4. Big-band uaaz relies on
fixed arrangements
,
where_______than one instrument playing
some of the parts
,
rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever
more
C. there
is more
D. more
答案:
C
分析:
where
引导状语从句,后面
缺主谓。
参考译文:大型乐队爵士依赖于固定的安排,其中演奏相同部分音乐的乐器超过一个,而不是现声发挥。
5.
Because
of
_________
diversity
,
seven
separate
groupings
or
divisions
of
algae
have
been
established
by
botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
答案:
D
分析:
those
是泛指,这里应该用
their
来特指
seven
separate groupings or divisions of algae.
参考译文:因为海藻们的不同特性
,植物学家把他们分成
7
个不同的组别或分支。
6. Chromosomes are
regarded today as the major carriers of genetic
material
,
_________ of DNA and various
types of protein.
A. consisting
B. as to consist
C. consist
D. which
consisting
答案:
A
分析:分词作状语。如果用
consist
的话,应该用个
conj.
后面加个完整的句子。
参考译文:染色
体现今被认为是主要的遗传物质携带者,这些遗传物质由
DNA
和各种各样的蛋白质组成。
7. The leopard seal is the only
pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other
seals.
A. that
normally
B. of
which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
答案:
A
分析:句中出现
is
和
preys
两个谓语动词,一定是个复合句
;
用
that
引导定语
从句,
pinniped
为先行
词,<
/p>
that
后为不完整句。
参考译文:美洲虎海豹是仅有的捕
食企鹅和其他海豹的鳍足类动物。
8. _________ “nova” means
new
,
novas are
actually stars that have existed for a long time
and suddenly flare
into brilliance.
A. That
B. Why
C. Although
D. It is
答案:
C
分析:空格后有
2
个完整句,空格处需
要一个
conj.
参考译文:尽管
nova
意味着新的,但其实新星们
是存在了很久而突然闪耀出光辉的恒星。
9. Because Mars is farther
from the Sun than _________
,
Mars takes longer to complete a
revolution.
A.
Earth is
B. is from Earth
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth
答案:
A
分析:比较结构的对称性:
Mars is farther
…… than Earth is
,
is
后省略了
from the Sun
参考译文:因为火星比地球离太阳要远,火星绕太阳转一圈的
时间要比地球长。
10. A social system is _________ of
social relations that draws the behavior of its
members toward the core
values of the
group.
A. a
complex network
B. how a complex network
C. a complex network and
D. a network
that is complex
答案:
A
分析:缺宾语。
B
中的从句只有主语,
句子不完整,错
;C
中
and
作为连词,后面缺谓语,错
;D
错,
因为
of
前应该为名词。
参考译文:社会系统就是一个社会
关系的复杂网络,这个网络里把成员的行为方式向核心价值观靠拢。
1. Bubbles
,
flaws
,
and other irregularities diffuse the
light that passes through stained
glass
,
_________
the
glass sparkle.
A. which
making
B. and making
C. making
D. to making
答案:
C
分析:空格前的句子结构完整,这里的分词作状语。
A
中用
which
来引导非限制性定语从句,而句
中无谓语,错
;B
中
< br>and
作为连接词,而
and
后
的句子不完整,没有谓语,错
;D
错,不定式的结构应该是
p>
to do.
参考译文:气泡,裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开,使得玻
辽练
⒐狻
?BR>
补充:
stained
glass
常指教堂的彩色玻璃
2. Fog is common near
________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts
in temperate zones.
A. there are large
B. large
C. either large
D. where large
答案:
B
分析:
A
使
得句中出现两个谓语动词,且中间无连接词,错
;C
应该是
p>
either…
or…
结构,但句中没
有出现
or;D
中
where
引导的句子不完整,错。
参考译文:雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。
3. The
portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk
art makes it _________ valuable source of history.
A. and a
B. so that a
C. a
D. is a
答案:
C
分析:
make
结构,
make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
参考译文:描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。
4.
_______ by the United States government's Bureau
of Labor Statistics
,
the Consumer Price Index compares
current costs of goods and services
with past costs.
A. To
prepare
B. As
it prepared
C.
When preparation
D. Prepared
答案:
D
分析:由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是
Consume
r
Price
Index
,
而且空格后是
by
,所以
应该用被动
形式,只能选
D.
参考译文:消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的,它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。<
/p>
5.
_________ carries the genes
,
which determine the hereditary
characteristics of the cell or organism.
A. The
chromosome
B.
The chromosome that
C. Whereas the chromosome
D. There is a chromosome
答案:
A
分析:该句是非限制性定语从句,
前半句已经有谓语和宾语,缺主语,选
A.
参考译文:染色体携带了遗传物质,这些遗传物质决定了细胞
和生物体的遗传特性。
6.
_________ directly with most metals to form
compounds called carbides.
A. Carbon reacting
B. Carbon reacts
C. The reaction
of carbon
D.
When carbon reacts
答案:
B
分析:
从句意来看,
called
p>
在这里不是谓语动词,
而是分词做后置定语:
…… which are called
carbides.
空格中缺主语和谓语,选
B.
参考译文:碳直接跟大部分金属反应而形成碳化物的化合物。
7. Meteorites
are slowed down by Earth's
atmosphere
,
but
if they are moving
_________
,
they
can form a
crater on impact.
A. enough fast
B. fast enough
C. so fast
enough
D enough
are fast
答案:
B
分析:
enough
的用法,固定顺序
:
adj.+enough
p>
参考译文:陨石受地球大气阻挡而慢下来,但如果他们移动的足够快,他们能在撞击后形成一
个大坑。
8. Located at the upper end of
each________ an adrenal
gland
,
an
integral part of the endocrine system.
A. kidney which is
B. kidney is
C. kidney being
D. kidney
答案:
B
分析:
该
句为简单句,
而且使用了倒装形式,
原句为:
< br>An adrenal gland
,
an integral part of the endocrine
system
is located at the upper end of
each kidney.
参考
译文:肾上腺是内分泌系统的一个完整的部分,它位于肾的上端。
9. About 75
percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating
of _________ such as iron and steel.
A. easily corroded metals
B. metals are
easily corroded
C. corroded metals that easily
D. how easily
metals corroded
答案:
A
分析:
B
中的
are
多余,否则句中出现两个谓语,错
;C
< br>中的
that
引导定语从句,而从句缺谓语,错
;
用法错误,
of
后一
般接名词。
参考译文:
75%
的所有镉金属都用来对类似铁、钢的容易
腐蚀的金属进行镉镀膜了。
10. An atom is a basic structural unit
of matter
,
the
smallest particle of an element _________ into
chemical
combination.
A.
that can enter
B. can it enter
C. when entering it can
D. that enters can
答案:
A
分析:
that
引导定语从句,
element
为先行词。
the
smallest particle of an element
是
a basic
structural
unit of
matter
的宾语同位语。
参考译文:原子是物体的基本结构单元,是元素形成化学组合
特性的最小的颗粒
1. All the major cities of the United
States
,
________
the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of
Mexico
,
began as
centers of trade.
A. and to include
B. which
including
C.
included
D.
including
答案:
D
分析:两个逗号之间是插入语,这里分词作状语,不能用谓语动词。
参考译文:包括大湖区和墨
西哥峡谷的美国所有主要城市都是以贸易中心的模式发展起来的。
2. Settled by
English Puritans in 1630
,
Boston became _________ .
A. the capital of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its
capital
C. it
was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
D. so that the
capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
答案:
A
分析:
缺宾语。
B
语序混乱
;C
中出现两个谓语动词,
错
;D
中
became
仍然没有宾语,
so that
多
余,错。
参考译文:波士顿在
1963
年被英国清教徒定址,并曾是马萨诸塞州湾殖民地的首都。
3. Navigators
on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine
_________ they are heading.
A. the direction in which
B. to where the
direction
C.
that direction of whic
D. where the direction
答案:
A
分析:空格前缺宾语,空格后是个完整的句子,只有
B
能满足。
prep+which
作为介词宾语,后
面接完整的句子。
参考译文:船和飞机的领航员通过
指南针来确定他们航行的方向。
4. A condenser is a heat exchanger
_________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to
liquid form.
A.
what
B. in
which
C.
in whose
D.
that
答案:
B
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,选项中优先选择
prep++
which
作为介词宾语,后面接完整的句
子。
参考译文:冷凝器是一种热交换器
,蒸气或水汽在里面失去热量,变回液体状态。
5.
Published
in
1957
,
John
Cheever's
first
novel
,
The
Wapshot
Chronicle
,
earned
_________
the
National Book Award.
A. that he had
B. him
C. was his
D. to him
答案:
B
分析:双宾语结构:
sth. Earn sb sth.
类似的还有
gain/win
参考译文:
John
Cheever
的第一部小说
The Wapshot Chr
onicle
于
1957
年,并为他赢
得全国图书奖。
6. As seen from the Earth
at night
,
_________ planet Jupiter ranks third
among the planets and stars in
maximum
brightness
,
after
Venus and Mars.
A. when the
B. in which the
C. the
D. and the
答案:
C
分析:空格后句子完整,此处缺限定词。
参考译文:晚上从地球上看去,行
星木星在行星恒星最大亮度等级中排名第三,排在金星和火星的后面。
7. _________
produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is
used extensively in advertising displays.
A. Neon that
B. When neon
C. Neon
D. There is
neon
答案:
C
分
析:缺主语。
A
中
that
多余
;B
中
When
p>
多余,
D
中出现两个谓语动词。
参考译文:氖能在
真空管里释放出深红色的光芒,并被广泛的在广告显像里应用。
8. Chaparral
consists of _________ stunted by
short
,
wet
winters followed by long
,
dry summers.
A. are trees and shrubs
B. how trees and shrubs
C. trees and
shrubs have
D.
trees and shrubs
答案:
D
分析:
of
后接名词,首先排除
p>
A
和
B.C
中有个
动词
have
,
后半句中有动词
follow
,
两句之间没
有连接词,一定错。
参考译文:丛林由树和灌木组成,
短的、潮湿的冬天和随后的长的干燥的夏天阻碍了它们的生长。
9. The Monroe
Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United States
policy concerning the activities and rights of
European powers in North and South
America.
A.
when a statement
B. as a statement
C. a statement
D. to a statement
答案:
C
分析:缺宾语。
A
,
< br>B
,
D
中的
when
,
as
,
to
多余。
参考译文:
1982
年的门罗主义是针
对南北美欧洲集权的行为和权利的美国政策的表述。
10. _________ to stand in a
warm place
,
it
sours because of the presence of bacteria that
convert milk sugar
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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