2004年5月TOEFL试题含答案

Section Two: Structure and Written Expression

the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United States developed the reusable space

shuttle ________to space cheaper and easier.

A. to make access

B and making access

C. which made accessible

D. and made accessible.

2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to humans _______.

A. are than any other animal

B. than is any other animal

C. any other animal is

D. and any other animal is

3._______more than 65,000 described species of protozoa, of which more than half

are fossils.

A. Being that there are

B. There being

C. Are there

D. There are

Sherman

Antitrust

Act

of

1890

___

nearly

unanimously

through

the

United

States Congress.

A. passed

B. in passage

C. having passed

D. passing

skyscrapers

have

a

steel

skeleton

of

beams

and

columns

___a

three-dimensional grid.

A. forms

B. from which forming

C. and forming

D. that forms

average

level

of

United

States

prices

grew

very

little

from

1953

until

the

mid-

1960’s when ____________.

A. did inflation begin

B. inflation began

C. the beginning of inflation

D. did the beginning of inflation

basis premise behind all agricultural production is _____available the riches of

the soil for human consumption.

A. to be made

B. the making

C. making is

D. to make

8.___to

the

united

states

House

of

Representatives

in

1791,

Nathaniel

Macon

remained in office until 1815.

A. Election

B. Why he was elected

C. Elected

D. Who was elected

9.________ of classical ballet in the united states began around 1830.

A. To teach

B. Is teaching

C. It was taught

D. The teaching

universe is estimated ___between 10 billion and 20 billion years old.

A. being

B. to be

C. which is

D. is.

11. A situation in which an economic market is dominated by a ____ is known as a

monopoly.

A. single of a product seller

B. product single of a seller

C. seller of a product single

D. single seller of a product

12.____ freshwater species of fish build nests of sticks, stones, or scooped-out sand..

A. As the many

B. Of the many

C. Many

D. Many of them are

per

publishers

in

the

united

states

have

estimated

___________reads

a

newspaper every day.

A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population who

B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population

C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population who

D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population

14.

The

foundation

of

all

other

branches

of

mathematics

is

arithmetic,

_ science

of

calculating with numbers.

A. is the

B. the

C. which the

D. because the

was ___the human-made fibers.

A. the first of which

B. what the first of

C. it the first of

D. the first of

male

cicada

sound

is

made

by

specialized

structures

on

the

abdomen

and

which apparently severs to attract females.

sions are now an everyday feature of most households in the United States,

and television viewing is the number one activity leisure.

ia are one of the most abundant life forms on Earth, growing on and inside

another living things, in every type of environment.

ne is a greenish gas too active that even water and glass burn in it.

general,

novels

are

thought

of

extended

works

of

prose

fiction

depicting

the

inner and outer lives of their characters.

lism is the inclusive term for the chemical reactions by which the cells of

an organism transforms energy, maintain their identity, and reproduce.

gh

most

petroleum

is

produced

from

underground

reservoirs,

petroleum

occurs in a varieties of forms at the surface.

23.A musical organ can have pipes of two kinds: flue pipes that work like a flute and

reed pipes that operate on same principle as a clarinet.

Land

Ordinance

of

1784

divided

the

western

lands

belonging

to

the

United

States into territories, each to be govern temporarily by its settlers.

there is too much pituitary hormone of too few insulin, the amount of sugar in

the blood rises abnormally, producing a condition called hyperglycemia.

care

of

children

during

their

years

of

relative

helplessness

appears

to

have

being the chief incentive for the evolution of family structures.

27

.It was not until the 1920’s that pollution came to be viewed by many as a threat to

the health of live on Earth.

28.

Platelets

are

tiny

blood

cells

that

help

transport

hormones

and

other

chemicals

throughout the body, and it play a key role in clotting blood.

29. Until the twentieth century, pendulum clocks were calibrated against the rotation

of earth by taking astronomically measurements.

30.

The rapid growth of the world’s population over the past 100 years

has led

to a great increase in the acreage of land under cultivation.

31 .In the eighteenth century, the Pawnees, descendants of the Nebraska culture, lived

in

villages sizeable on the Loup and Platte rivers in central Nebraska.

32. The attraction of opposite charges is one of the force that keep electrons in orbit

around of nucleus of an atom.

33. Of every the major traditions of wood carving, the one that is closest in structure

to the tree is the crest pole made by the Native Americans of the Northwest coast.

34. Many of the fine-grained varieties of sedimentary rocks known as shales yield oil

when distilled by hot.

35. In 1820 there were only 65 daily newspapers in the united states, which total daily

circulation of perhaps 100,000.

36. The Milky Way galaxy includes the Sun, its planets, and rest of the solar system,

along with billions of stars and other objects.

37. Some

of sharpshooter Annie Oakley’s exploits with a gun are almost unbelievable

when

it comes to accuracy, speed of firing ,and endure.

ce from ancient fossils indicates the scorpion may had been among the first

land animals.

39.

Jetties,

piers

designed

to

aid

in

marine

navigation,

are

constructed

primary

of

wood, stone, concrete, or combinations of these materials.

40.

The

Barnes

Foundation

in

Merion,

Pennsylvania,

was

chartered

in

1922

to

promotion

art

education

by

providing

art

classes

and

by

establishing

a

publishing

program.

Section Three: Reading Comprehension

Question 1-10

all mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves

for some twenty months, until they are about to give birth again and their young are

able

to

find

their

own

food.

The

behavior

of

feeding

of

the

young

is

built

into

the

reproductive system. It is a nonselective part of parental care and the defining feature

of

a

mammal,

the

most

important

thing

that

mammals--

whether

marsupials,

platypuses, spiny anteaters, or placental mammals -- have in common.

But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching

or birth, feed their young. Most egg- guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that

their

young

are

so

much

smaller

than

the

parents

and

eat

food

that

is

also

much

smaller

than

the

food

eaten

by

adults.

In

reptiles,

the

crocodile

mother

protects

her

young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find

food, but she does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching,

but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars

and

spiders

that

they

have

paralyzed

with

their

venom

and

stored

in

a

state

of

suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they

hatch.

For

animals

other

than

mammals,

then,

feeding

is

not

intrinsic

to

parental

care.

Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong

quest

for

descendants.

The

most

vulnerable

moment

in

any

animal's

life

is

when

it

first

finds

itself

completely

on

its

own,

when

it

must

forage

and

fend

for

itself.

Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it

is

better

able

to

cope.

Young

that

are

fed

by

their

parents

become

nutritionally

independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime

those

young

are

shielded

against

the

vagaries

of

fluctuating

of

difficult-to-find

supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become

totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally

do no survive.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The care that various animals give to their offspring.

B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.

C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.

D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.

2. The author lists various animals in line 5 to

A. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammals

B. describe the process by which mammals came to be defined

C. emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own young

D. explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonselective

3. The word

A. sit on

B. move

C. notice

D. care for

4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding

their young?

A. It is unknown among fish.

B. It is unrelated to the size of the young.

C. It is dangerous for the parents.

D. It is most common among mammals.

5. The word

A. supplying

B. preparing

C. building

D. expanding

6. According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?

A. By storing food near their young.

B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.

C. By searching for food some distance from their nest.

D. By gathering food from a nearby water source.

7. The word

A. opportunity

B. advantage

C. purpose

D. rest

8. The word

A. Feeding

B. moment

C. young animal

D. size

9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless when

A. their parents are away searching for food

B. their parents have many young to feed

C. they are only a few days old

D. they first become independent

10. The word

A. raised

B. protected

C. hatched

D. valued

Question 11-21:

Printmaking

is

the

generic

term

for

a

number

of

processes,

of

which

woodcut

and

engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or

other material) against an image- bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When

the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.

The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns

to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century,

first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a

relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to

the

grain,

covers

it

with

a

white

ground,

and

then

draws

the

image

in

ink.

The

background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is

inked, and the ink

adheres to

the raised image.

It is

then transferred to

damp

paper

either by hand or with a printing press.

Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern

Italy

in

the

middle

of

the

fifteenth

century.

It

is

an

intaglio

process

(from

Italian

intagliare,

copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean

so

that

some

ink

remains

in

the

incised

grooves.

An

impression

is

made

on

damp

paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks

up the ink.

Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to

subtle

modeling

and

shading

through

the

use

of

fine

lines.

Hatching

and

cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be

more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited

to

the

production

of

multiple

images.

A

set

of

multiples

is

called

an

edition.

Both

methods

can

yield

several

hundred

good-quality

prints

before

the

original

block

or

plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century

made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.

11. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The origins of textile decoration

B. The characteristics of good-quality prints

C. Two types of printmaking

D. Types of paper used in printmaking