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2014
年职称英语考试理工类
B
级试题及参考
答案
词汇选项：
1.
The majority
of people around here are decent.
A.
real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy
2.
The curriculum
was too narrow and too rigid.
A.
inflexible
B. hidden
C.
traditional
D. official
3.
The committee was asked to render a
report on the housing situation.
A.
copy
B. publish
C.
summarize
D.
furnish
4.
Afterwards there was just a feeling of
let-down.
A. disappointment
B. excitement
C.
anger
5.
Several
windows had been smashed.
A. cleaned
B. replaced
C. broken
D. fixed
D. calm
6.
The worst
agonies of the war were now beginning.
A. parts
B. pains
C. aspects
D.
results
7.
London
quickly became a flourishing port.
A.
major
B. large
C. commercial
D. successful
8.
She felt that
she had done her good deed for the day.
A. act
B. homework
C. justice
D. model
9.
He led a very
moral life.
A. human
B. intelligent
C. natural
D. honourable
10.
His stomach felt hollow with fear.
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A.
sincere
B.
respectful
C. empty
D.
terrible
11.
It
was a magic night until the spell was broken.
A. charm
B. time
C.
space
D. opportunity
12.
His
professional career spanned 16 years.
A. started
B. changed
C. lasted
D. moved
13.
They are
trying to identify what is wrong with the present
system.
A. prove
B. consider
C. imagine
D. discover
14.
His knowledge of French is fair.
A. quite good
special
15.
The group does not advocate the use of
violence.
A. limit
阅读判断：
So Many
‘Earths’
The Milky Way
(
银河
) contains billions of
Earth-sized planets that could support
life that’s the finding of a new study.
It draws on data that came from NASA’s top
planet-hunting telescope.
A
mechanical
failure recently
put
that
Kepler
space
telescope
out
of
service.
Kepler had played a big role in
creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000
stars. Its data have been helping
astronomers predict how common planets are in
our galaxy. The telescope focused on
hunting planets that might have conditions
B. support
C. regulate
D. oppose
B. very useful
C. very limited
D.
rather
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similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study, published in
The Proceedings of the National Academy
of sciences, conclude that between 14
and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass
and temperature similar to the Sun, may
host a planet that could support life as we
know it. Such a planet would
hav
e a diameter at least as large as
Earth’s, but no
more than twice that
big. The planet also would have to orbit in a
star’s habitable
zone. That’s where the
surface temperature would allow any water to exist
as a
liquid.
The new
estimate of how many planets might fit these
conditions comes from
studying more
than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds
orbiting them. The
scientists used
those numbers to extrapolate
(
推算
) to the rest of the
stars that the
telescope could not see.
The
estimate
is
rough,
the
authors
admit.
If
applied
to
the
solar
system,
it
would define as habitable a zone
starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running
to as far away as Mars. Neither planet
is Earthlike (although either might have been
in the distant past). Using tighter
limits, the researchers estimate that between 4
and
8
out
of
every
100
Sunlike
stars
could
host
an
Earth-sized
world.
These
are
ones
that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a
yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100
sunlike stars doesn’t sound like a big
n
umber. It would
mean,
however,
that
the
Milky
Way
could
host
more
than
a
billion
Earth-
sized
planets with a change for life.
16. The Kepler space telescope has been
in service for 15 years.
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A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The
main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find
out planets with similar
conditions to
Earth’s.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The planet that could support life
might be a little bit smaller than Earth.
A. Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not
mentioned
19. The Earth is
planet orbiting in the Sun’s habitable
zone.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The new
finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000
stars in the Milky Way.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21.
The
estimate
of
the
number
of
planets
that
could
support
life
is
not
very
accurate.
A.
Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. This is the first research finding
about the planets with a chance for life.
A. Right
概括大意与完成句子：
Climate Change: The Long Reach
1
Earth
is
warming .Sea
levels
are
rising.
There’s
more
carbon
in
the
air,
and
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
Arctic ice
is melting faster than at any time in recorded
history. Scientist who study
the
environment
to
better
gauge
(
评估)
Earth’s
fut
ure
climate
now
argue
that
these changes may not reverse for a
very long time.
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2
People
burn
fossil
fuels
like
coal
and
oil
for
energy.
That
burning
releases
carbon dioxide, a
colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at
Earth’s surface.
And
the
more
carbon
dioxide
released,
the
more
the
planet
warms.
If
current
consumption of
fossil fuels doesn’t slow, the
long
-term climate impacts could last
thousands
of
years
—
and
be
more
severe
than
scientists
had
been
expecting.
Climatologist
Richard
Zeebe
of
the
University
of
Hawaii
at
Manoa
offers
this
conclusion in a new paper.
3
Most
climate-
change
studies
look
at
what’s
going
to
happen
in
the
next
century or so. During
that time, changes in the planet’s environment
could nudge
(
推动
)
global warming even higher. For example: Snow and
ice reflect sunlight back
into
space.
But
as
these
melt,
sunlight
can
now
reach
—
and
warm
—
the
exposed
ground. This extra
heat raises the air temperature even more, causing
even more
snow
to
melt.
This
type
of
rapid
exaggeration
of
impac
ts
is
called
a
“fast
feedback”.
4
Zeebe
says
it’s
important
to
look
at
fast
feedbacks.
However,
he
adds,
they’re
limited.
From
a
climate
change
perspective,
“This
century
is
the
most
important time for the
next few generations, ” he told Science News.
“But
the
world is not ending
in 2100 .” For this new study, Zeebe now focuses
on “slow
feedbacks.”
While
fast
feedback
events
unfold
over
decades
or
centuries,
slow
feedbacks can take thousands of years.
Melting of continental ice sheets and the
migration
of
plant
life
—
as
they
relocate
to
more
comfortable
areas
—
are
two
examples of slow
feedbacks.
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5
Zeebe
gathered
information
from
previously
publishes
studies
investigating
how
such
processes
played
out
over
thousands
of
years
during
past
dramatic
changes in climate.
Then he came up with a forecast for the future
that accounts for
both
slow
and
fast
feedback
processes.
Climate
forecasts
that
use
only
fast
feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius
(8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year
3000.
But
slow
feedbacks
added
another
1.5
℃—
for
a
6
℃
total
increase,
Zeebe
reports. He also found
that slow feedback events will cause warming to
persist for
thousands of years after
people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
23. Paragraph 2
___B____
24. Paragraph 3 ___C____
25. Paragraph 4 ___D____
26.
Paragraph 5 ___F____
27.
Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in
___D___.
28. Melting of snow and ice
enables sunlight to reach ____A____.
29. Zeebe came up with his future
climate prediction by analyzing ___E___.
fossil fuels are used up, global
warming will continue for ___B___.
A.
the exposed ground
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D.
recorded history
E. previously
published studies
F. rapid exaggeration
of impacts
A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels
C. Fast feedbacks
D. Slow
feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of
feedback processes
F.A prediction of
future climate change
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阅读理解：
第一篇：
The Mir
Space Station
The Russian Mir Space
Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15
years
of pioneering the concept of
long-term human space flight, is remembered for
its
accomplishments in the human space
flight history. It can be credited with many
firsts in space.
During Mir's lifetime, Russia spent
about US$$4.2 billion to build and maintain
the station.
The
Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to
last from three to five
years, on
February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over
12 years and seven
months, most of whom
were not Russian. In fact, it became the first
international
space station by playing
host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995
through
1998, seven astronauts from the
United States took turns living on Mir for up to
six
months each. They were among the 37
Americans who visited the station during
nine stopovers by space shuttles.
The more than 400 million
the United States provided Russian for the visits
not
only
kept
Mir
operating,
but
also
gave
the
Americans
and
their
partners
in
the
international
station
project
valuable
experience
in
long-term
flight
and
multinational operations.
A debate continues over Mir’s
contributions to s
cience. During its
existence,
Mir
was
the
laboratory
for
23,000
experiments
and
carried
scientific
equipment,
estimated
to
be
worth
$$80
million,
from
many
nations.
Experiments
on
Mir
are
credited
with a range of findings, from the first solid
measurement of the ration of
heavy
helium
atoms
in
space
to
how
to
grow
wheat
in
space.
But
for
those
favouring human space exploration, Mir
showed that people could live and work in
space long enough for a trip to Mars.
The longest single stay in space is the 437. 7
days that Russian astronaut Valery
Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And
Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days
in space in three trips to the space station.
The longest American stay was that of
Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard
Mir in 1996.
Despite the many firsts Mir
accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for
Mir.
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In 1997, an oxygen generator caught
fire. Later, the main computer system broke
down, causing the station to drift
several times and there were power failures.
Most of these problems were
repaired, with American help and suppliers, but
Mir's reputation as a space station was
ruined.
Mir’s
setbacks
are
nothing,
though,
when
we
compare
them
with
its
accomplishments. Mire was a tremendous
success, which will be remembered as a
milestone
in
space
exploration
and
the
space
station
that
showed
long-term
human
habitation
in
space
was
possible.
But
it's
time
to
move
on
to
the
next
generation. The International Space
Station being built will be better, but it owes a
great debt to Mir.
31. What can we learn from
the passage that the Mir Space Station
A. was designed to last 5 years.
B. was built by Russians.
C.
played nost to 7 astronauts from different
countries.
D. was visited only by
Americans.
32. One of the contributions
Mir makes to science is that it
A.
helps astronauts get close to Mars.
B.
enables scientists to develop new scientific
equipment.
C. sets a record of the
longest single human stay in space.
D.
shows that multinational operations in space are
less expensive.
33. What happened to
Mir in 1997?
A. It ran out of its fund.
B. It was completely damage by fire.
C. Its main computer system broke down.
D. Its reputation was ruined due to
power failures.
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34. It can be inferred from
the last paragraph that
A. space
exploration will not experience setbacks.
B.
it is difficult for other
space stations to exceed Mir’s success.
C. Mir is the best long-term human
habitation in space in history.
D.
multinational space operations are getting more
accomplishments.
is the
author’
s attitude toward Mir?
A. Favorable.
B.
Indifferent.
C. Ironic.
D.
Negative.
第二篇：
Approaches to Understanding
Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but
we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a
talented musician, but you might not be
a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists
disagree
about
what
is
intelligence
and
what
are
talents
or
personal
abilities.
Psychologists
have
two
different
views
on
intelligence.
Some
believe there is one
general intelligence. Others believe there are
many different
intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one
type of intelligence that can be measured
with IQ tests. These psychologists
support their view with research that concludes
that people who do well on one kind of
test for mental ability do well on other tests.
They do well on tests using words,
numbers or pictures. They do well on individual