2016年职称英语考试教材_理工类新增文章

2016

年职称英语等级考试教材

_

(1)

Common Questions about Dreams

Does everyone dream?

Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of

sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very

active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the

body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night,

and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night,

too, but those dreams are less vivid.

Do people remember their dreams?

A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that

happened during the night

—

dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they

were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for

some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream

，

the best

thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.

Are dreams in color?

Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons

：

They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color

because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___

Do dreams have meaning?

Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them

learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that

dreams can help them solve p

roblems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists

often get creative ideas from dreams.

How can I learn to understand my dreams?

The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people,

actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your

feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many

people have

，

even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however,

the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an

elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a

child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your

dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient,

perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.

词汇：

vivid /'vivid/ adj.

清晰的，生动的，逼真的

lid /lid/ n.

眼睑（

=eyelid)

motive /m

?

utiv/ n.

动机

stuffed /st

?

ft/ adj.

填充的，塞满了的

注释：

1.

back and forth

：来回地，反复地。

2.

bring it back

：回忆起它来。

bring back

：使回忆起来，带回来、拿回来，使恢复。

3.

Scientists continue to debate this issue.

科学家们不断地讨 论这个问题。

“debate”

作

动词

“

争

论，辩 论，讨论

”

讲，既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词，作不及 物动词时常

与

“about/ on/upon”

搭配。

练习：

- 1 -

A

However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are

meaningful and useful.

B

The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.

C

People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more

often in their dreams.

D

Our most p

owerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.

E

To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means

to you or reminds you of.

F

Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on

another day.

< /p>

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答案与题解：

1.

B

文中第一部分主要介绍快速 眼动睡眠期，而且前一句正好提到每晚快速眼动睡眠期

的间隔时间、出现频率及其持续时 间的情况。

2.

F

题目所在的前一句提到大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎 所有事情，而后一句中又

提到人们对梦的记忆好像没有完全丢失，

由此可以推断出中间这一句应该说的是人有时会记

起自己的梦。

3.

C

文中第三部分提到梦是彩色的，

前面主要讲的是人们可能意识不到这个问题以 及意

识不到的原因，

由此可以推断后面应该会提到那些可以意识 到这个问题的人。

因此，

答案为

C

。

4.

A

文中第四部分讲的是梦的意义，纵观六个选项与部分主题 相关的只有选项

A

，而且

后面主要提到 人们会利用梦做些什么，

这也就意味着人们会思考他们的梦而且相信梦是有意

5.

E

由第五部分的标题就可以锁定选项

E

，而且后一句讲的是要寻找梦与现实的联系，

正好与选项< /p>

E

的意思相吻合。

参考译文

：

关于梦的常见问题

每个人都会做梦吗？

是的。研究表明 我们都会做梦。在一种叫作快速眼动（

REM

）的睡眠期里，我 们会有最清

晰生动的梦。在这种睡眠期里，

大脑非常活跃，眼睛 在眼睑下面来来回回地快速移动，

而且

身体的大肌肉会得到放松 。

快速眼动睡眠期每隔

90~100

分 钟会出现一次，

一晚会出现

3~4

次，

而且随着入夜渐深，

每次持续的时间也会变长。

最后一次快速眼动睡眠期可能会持续长

达

45

分钟。我们在夜晚的其他时间段也会做梦，但是那些梦没有快速眼动睡眠期里的梦清

晰生动。

人们会记得他们的梦吗？

一些人会记 得他们的梦。然而，大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有的事——梦、思想

以及他们醒 着时的短暂时光。但是，有时人们会在当天晚些时候或改天突然想起他们的梦。

他们对梦 的记忆好像并没有完全消失，

但出于某种原因却很难回忆起来。

如果你想记住自己

的梦，最好的办法是一醒来就把它写下来。

梦是彩色的吗？

大多数梦是彩色的。

然而，人们可能不会意识到这一点。

这是基于两方面的原因：< /p>

人们通常

不会记住梦的细节，

或者因为颜 色是我们生活中的自然组成部分，

所以不会注意到。

那些在

醒着的时候意识到颜色的人可能会更经常注意到梦的颜色。

梦有意义吗？

- 2 -

科学家们不停地讨论这个问题。

然而 ，

那些花时间思考他们梦的人相信梦是有意义的、

有用

的。有些人借助梦更多地了解自己的情感、思想、行为、动机和价值观。其他人发现梦可以

帮助自己解决问题。艺术家、作家和科学家也确实经常从梦中获得创作的灵感。

我如何学会理解自己的梦？

要记得最重要的一点就是梦是个人的。

梦里的人、

行为以及情 景都能反映你的经历、

思想以

及情感。

有些梦境专家认为某些类型的梦是很多人都有的，

即使他们来自不同的文化或时期。

然而，

通常对于不同的人，同一个梦会有不同的意义。比如，

做梦梦到大象对于一个动物园

管理员来说意味着一回事，

而对于一个最喜欢大象毛绒玩具的小孩来说就意味着截然不同的

事。

为了学会理解自己的梦，

首先要思考一下梦的每一部分对你意味着什么或 者让你想起了

什么。

然后寻找梦与日常生活中所发生事情的联系 。

如果你认真思考而且有耐心，

或许你会

更清晰地理解梦的意义。

2016

年职称英语等级考试教材

_

理工类新增文章

(2)

Baby Talk

Babies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight

months old, but he is already “talking” with his parents. When lie is hungry, he opens and

closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the

word more.

Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him

to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and

again. When ___1___ Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can

communicate with them.

Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia.

Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language

(ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf people communicate

with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He

noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children.

___2___ When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.

Garcia decided to try something new. He taught ASL to parents who were not deaf. The

families started to teach signs to their infants when they were six or seven months old.

___3___ More and more parents took Garcia’s ASL classes. Like Ryan’s family,

they

were excited about signing with their babies. They wanted to give their babies a way to

communicate before they could use spoken words.

Some people worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a

need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies. ___4___

In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier

than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They

also score higher on intelligence tests1.

There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies?

Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL. ___5___ There’s

no clear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite

a lot!

词汇：

normally /'n

?

:m(< /p>

?

)li/ adv.

正常地；通常地，一般地

infant /'inf

?

nt / n.

婴儿；幼儿；未成年人

communicate /k

?

'mju:nikeit/

通信；交流；感染

opposite /'

?

p

?

z it/ adj.

相反的；

n.

对立面，反义词

- 3 -

注释：

1. intelligence test

：智力测试

练习：

A

However, research does not show this.

B

All parents want to teach babies to sign.

C

Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited.

D

These babies started using signs about two months later.

E

It can be useful because many people understand it.

F

They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old.

学派网王霞

2016

职称英语考前押题下载 地址

/RymM9LG

，

100%

压中原题！

或加入 学派王霞

2016

职称英语群

512575130

下载！

答案与题解：

1.

C

第二段主要是讨论