四级模拟试卷三及详解答案

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Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions:

In

this

part,

you

will

have

15

minutes

to

go

over

the

passage

quickly

and

answer

the

questions

on

Answer Sheet 1

. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and

1

D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The Overworked, Networked Family

Bring

up

work-and-

family

balance

at

a

neighbor?s

barbecue,

and

the conversation

immediately

t

urns

toward

tales of rushing out of meetings at

breakneck

(

飞快的

) speed to shuttle the kids to soccer practice or struggling to

tear ourselves away for a decent vacation. Complaints about time pressure are so common that they have become a

common cultural vocabulary. Everybody, it seems, is stressed out about time

, and achieving “balance” has become

the

Holy Grail

(

圣杯

) of middle-class family life.

But

maybe

balance

is

the

wrong

image.

Instead,

think

transformation.

Just

as

businesses

are

shifting

from

Industrial

Age

to

networks, so,

too,

is

the

American

family

undergoing

a

parallel

social

revolution.

Parents

and

children are no longer on the same schedule

—

unlike the way things were a generation ago. With many educated

mothers and fathers working longer hours, they are linked to their kids by a web of cell phones and e-mails.

At the same time, kids are taking the initiative to pursue more activities and are using information technologies

to nurture their own electronic networks of relationships, from friends at school to cousins in distant cities.

The networked economy is leading to far different standards and expectations of what it means to be a parent

and

a child.

It?s

not

simple

enough

for

the

young to

get

an

education.

Instead,

the

goal

is

to raise

children

to

be

creative and adaptable, able both to compete successfully and to collaborate with their peers from all over the world.

“We have an economy whose functioning depends for the first time on the enhancement of human capability,” says

Richard Florida, professor of public policy at George Mason University in Fairfax, V

a.

How

can

the

typical

overworked

white-collar

American

—

bombarded

(

轰炸

)

by

e-mails,

troubled

with

late-night meetings, and confronted with unexpected business trips

—

at the same time manage at high speed and

cope with

the

new challenges

at

home?

Gradually,

a

new

body

of shared

rules-of- thumb

(

经验做法

)

is

emerging,

passed along at playgrounds and in offices. Among them: transform technology from an oppressor into a liberator.

Others

have

mastered

the

art

of

interweaving work

obligations

and

home

life

in

a way

that was

not

possible

before, answering an e-mail from work one minute and helping with homework the next. And the younger members

of the family

—

already far more sophisticated at multitasking and networking than their parents

—

are getting a

chance to see what approaches work and what falls flat.

Historically,

the

organization

of

the family

has

mirrored,

to

some

degree,

the

organization

of

the workplace.

Take

the

classic

middle-

class

family

of

the

1950s

and

?60s,

the

“Golden

Age”

economy

of

stro

ng

productivity

growth and abundant gains in real wages. With a secure corporate job, Dad could afford to work not much more than

40 hours a week and Mom could stay at home to raise the children. The family of that era did many things together.

The classic example is eating dinner every evening at the kitchen table. The kids also followed their parents when

Mom and Dad visited friends. In essence, a family acted like a single unit, with a

hierarchy

(

等级制度

) that mirrored

the top-down management of factories or large industrial organizations of the day.

Fast-forward to the 2000s. Today

, both Mom and Dad are more likely to have careers. The combined workweek

of a husband and wife in their prime working years with children is 68 hours, up from 59 hours in 1979, according to

calculations

by

the

Economic

Policy

Institute. The

better

educated

the couple, the

more

hours

they

put

in.

At

the

same time, their jobs have changed. The

rote

(

生搬硬套

) work is either being done by computers or is in the process

2

of being outsourced to foreign countries. Instead, what?s left are the more complicated and creative tasks that can?t

be easily reduced to a set of instructions.

At home, standards for a healthy, emotionally rich family

life are a lot higher than they used to be. Schedules

during

“leisure

hours”

are

filled

with

music

lessons

and

play

dates

for

the

kids,

exercise

classes for

Mom,

and

occasional golf times for Dad. Parents are aware that colleges and universities look more favorably on high school

students with a demonstrated ability to do many things well, not unlike the skills they will need in the workplace.

To achieve these goals, families are learning to turn technology to their advantage. Many time-pressed workers

now realize

that

technology creates

greater

possibilities

for

busy families

to

stay

in

touch

and,

at

the

same time,

increase family time. When Ruder went to the work on Saturdays and Sundays, he doesn?t long for “the good old

days”.

“Because

of

technology, I

probably

spend more

time working

on

the weekend

now,

but

it?s

easier

on

me

because I can work at home, then take a run, and go out to brunch with friends,” he says.

But

just

as

excessive

e-

mails

and

conference

calls

fill

up

time

on

the

job,

there?s

te

mptation

to

use

the

technology to stuff too much in at home as well. Other busy people have found that it?s important to maintain fairly

strict boundaries between work and home.

It?s important to note that there?s no one

-size-fit-all solution for the problem of reconciling long hours at work

with a healthy family life. What?s more, individuals can accomplish only so much acting on their own. Schools and

other

major

community

institutions

still

behave

as

though

the

40-hour

workweek

were

the

rule

rather

than

the

exception. And corporations are still loading new responsibilities and commitments onto managers and professionals,

without taking away any of the old ones. Nevertheless, what?s fascinating about the current focus on managing work

and family time is th

at it?s rooted in an abundance of possibilities. Through trial and error, with many troubles along

the way, the networked family is starting to figure out how to take advantage of the many opportunities available

today. And that?s progress.

1. We learn from the first paragraph that ______.

A) middle-class families take achieving balance as the Holy Grail

B) time pressure makes it hard for people to balance work and family

C) people are too busy to share the interesting things in their life with each other

D) complaints about time pressure have become ever more common among people

2. According to the passage, one aim of the networked economy is to ______.

A) make children creative and adaptable

B) let children get the best education in their life

C) raise children to be imaginative and independent

D) get children to compete with their peers

3. According to Richard Florida, what determines the operation of our economy?

A) The transforming of businesses.

4. One approach the typical overworked white-collar American use to cope with the new challenges at home is to

______.

3

C) The pursuing of more new knowledge.

D) The strengthening of human capability.

B) The using of information technologies.

A) give up some extra work obligations

B) spend as much time with families as possible

C) change the role technology plays in their life

D) discuss with others to get solutions

5. What is the typical example of the things families did together in the “Golden Age”?

A) Always playing games together.

B) Always going to cinema together.

6. In the 21st century

, the amount of time parents put in companying their children depends on ______.

A) parents? educa

tion level

7. Parents realize that to gain skills to be needed in the workplace, high school students should to go ______.

A) Companies and schools.

8. Today, many time-pressed workers realize that ______________________________ can increase family time.

9. As people spend more time working at home, some busy people find it important to keep ____________________

____________ between work and home.

10. According to the passage, today?s managers and professionals are undertaking more _______________________

from companies.

C) Foreign countries.

B) Colleges and universities.

D) Offices and schools.

C) children?s academic record

D) children?s age

B) parents? working location

C) Taking a walk together every evening.

D) Having dinner together every evening.

Part III

Listening Comprehension

(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

8

short

conversations

and

2

long

conversations.

At

the

end

of

each

conversation,

one

or

more

questions

will

be

asked

about

what

was

said. Both

the

conversation and

the

questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must

read

the four

choices

marked

A),

B),

C)

and

D),

and

decide

which is

the

best

answer.

Then

mark

the

corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

11. A) She is told to give up the apartment.

B) She doesn?t plan to move.

4

C) She is still looking for an apartment.

D) She wants to move out of the dorm.

12. A) Mary wanted to invite the man to dinner.

B) Mary planned to see the man next year.

C) Mary didn?t want to have a dinner with the man.

D) Mary hoped to come for dinner next time.

13. A) New Y

ork.

14. A) Jim is at a meeting now.

15. A) Ask the woman to be his coach.

B) Have a talk with the account director.

C) Do the health and fitness training program.

D) Talk about fitness with the woman in detail.

16. A) Pay a visit to the man.

17. A) Try it on.

18. A) He likes the current temperature.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) She is not sure how to use a credit card.

B

) She doesn?t know how to fix her faucet

.

C) She is not sure which credit card to choose.

D) She is not sure whether to get a credit card or not.

20. A) She can keep track of her finances.

B) She will know how much she can overdraw.

C) She is charged nothing until that date onwards.

D) She will be charged at a higher rate after the grace period.

21. A) Compare a range of options.

B) Find out more from research.

C) Find out more by talking to the bank staff.

D) Take some time before actually making a decision.

5

B) Denver.

C) Phoenix.

D) Chicago.

C) Jim will take his girlfriend to the meeting.

D) Jim is with his girlfriend now.

B) Jim will attend the meeting later.

C) Make a distance call to the man.

D) Invite the man to have a dinner.

C) Hammer a nail with it.

D) Exchange it for a hammer.

C) He likes cooking food.

D) He thinks he will like the food.

B) Ask for some advice from the man.

B) Throw it away.

B) He wishes the weather would get warmer.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) To school.

23. A)

12:30 p.m.

24. A) Clean the dishes.

25. A

) The video machine doesn?t work.

B) They have seen all the videos in her house.

C) Susan has lent the video machine to a friend.

D

) Susan?s mother is going to use the video machine.

C) Call a friend.

D) Help Julie with her science project.

B) Play soccer with her brother.

B) 1:30 p.m.

C) 2:00 p.m.

D) 7:00 p.m.

C) To the science museum.

D) To Julie?s house.

B) To the dentist?s.

Section B

Directions:

In this

section,

you

will hear 3

short

passages. At

the end

of each passage,

you

will

hear some

questions. Both the

passage

and questions will

be spok

en

only once. After

you hear

a question,

you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the

corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) What they are most worried about.

B) How much exercise they get every day.

C) What entertainment they are interested in.

D) How long their parents

accompany them daily.

27. A) Have more activities.

B) Have regular checkups.

28. A) They should have no TV sets.

B) They should be no place for play.

Passage T

wo

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) How to develop a child?s initiative.

B) How to accumulate an amount of pocket money.

C) How to teach a child to save money

D) How to teach a child about money through allowance.

6

C) Receive early education.

D) Get enough entertainment.

C) They should be near a common area.

D) They should have a computer for study.

30. A) It should not include entertainment expenditures.

B) It should only include everyday expenses.

C) It?s better to be given in line with that of his friends.

D) It?s better to be given as less as possible.

31. A) Children should be given more allowance when they behave well in school.

B) Children should not be paid when they help do daily chores.

C) Paying children for getting a high mark in school can develop their initiative.

D) Allowance should not be ti

ed directly to children?s housework.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Accidents and war.

B) Diseases and aging.

33. A) Medicine.

34. A) Heart disease will be far away from us.

B) Human brains can decide the final death.

C) The basic materials of cells will last forever.

D) Human organs can be repaired by new medicine.

35. A) Human life will not last more than 120 years in the future.

B) Humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now.

C) Much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life.

D) We have already solved the technical problems in building new cells.

C) The Internet.

D) Human organs.

B) Brain cells.

C) Accidents and aging.

D) Heart disease and war.

Section C

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

a

passage

three

times.

When

the

passage

is

read for

the first

time,

you

should

listen

carefully

for

its

general

idea.

When

the

passage

is

read

for

the

second

time,

you

are

required

to fill

in

the

blanks

numbered from

36

to

43

with the

exact

words

you

have

just

heard. For

blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you

can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.

Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Pocket electronic dictionaries, popular with students, are raising (36) _______ among local educators. Used (37)

_________

by

students

studying

English,

it

contains

dictionaries

and

general

information.

The

products

(38)

7

_______

in

price

from

several

hundred

yuan

to

several

thousand,

depending

on

the

functions

“The

electronic

dictionary

lightens

both

my

school

bag

and

my work

(39)

_______

,”

said

a

middle

school

student.

“Most

of

my

classmates use electronic dictionaries for the (40) _______.

”

he said.

Even some teachers (41) _______

electronic dictionaries. “Electronic dictionaries often allow students to read

more,” said an English

teacher.

“they prefer to look up words they don?t understand without having to (

42) _______

through a dictionary. They often find ordinary dictionaries

are too complicated.”

However, educators have expressed some concerns about the (43)

risks of allowing students to use

these products.

“(44)

”

said

an

official

with

an

education

commission.

“(45)

if

a

student

is

to

learn

correct

usage.” he said.

Another

teacher

provided

an

amusing

example

of

what

can

happen

when

a

student

does

not

use

a

proper

dictionary. “One of my students

wrote in a composition

?

He asked her to marry him, but she garbaged him,

?

he said. I

questioned

him

about

his

use

of

the

noun ?garbage?

in

this

context

and

discovered that

he wanted

to

use

the

verb

?refuse?

, (46)

, and saw refuse garbage!

Part IV

Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank

from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully

before

making

your

choices.

Each

choice

in

the

bank

is

identified

by

a

letter.

Please

mark

the

corresponding letter for each item on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

You may

not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Health

information

and

communications

technologies

(HIT)

will

play

a

vital

role

in

the

creation

of

a

21st

century health care system that is safe, effective, patient-centric and fair.

For

doctors,

HIT

brings

the

47

of

advanced

knowledge

at

the

point

of care. For

patients,

HIT

transforms

their

48

role into one of collaboration and partnership with their health care team.

While the

integration

(

集成

) of technology into health care has been

49

than hoped for, the transition is well

under way in health care systems around the country

. For example:

Electronic

Health

Records

(EHRs)

are

50

paper

records.

While

many

still

experience

the

51

of

a

paper-driven

system that

is

only

slightly

more

sophisticated

than

black-and-white

reruns

of

Marcus

Welby,

M.D.,

EHRs

give

leading

health

care

providers

a

complete

and

accurate

medical

history

as

well

as

links

to

practice

guidelines

and

best

practices.

Doctors can

access

a wide

range

of

tools

that support

52

, care

management

and

compliance

(

遵循

) with

protocols

(

方案

).

Electronic

Prescribing

(e-Prescribing)

53

cuts

down

the

errors

that can

arise

in

the

chain

from

doctor

to

8

pharmacy

(

药房

)

to

patient.

It?s

not

just

about sending

a

prescription

electronically

to

ensure

legibility.

A

good

e-Prescrib

ing

system

automatically

flags

potentially

harmful

drug

interactions

and

checks

a

health

Plan?s

reimbursement

(

偿还

) schedule to

54

costs for patients.

Personal Health Records (PHRs) are patient-owned and 55

electronic health records that allow people to store,

access and coordinate their complete health history and make

56

parts available to those who need it. The key

here is that individuals are in control of their own information.

A) passive

C) slower

E) increase

I) faster

K) reduce

L) disposing

M) frustration

N) intention

O) significantly

B) appropriate

D) prevention

F) replacing

H) controlled

J) promise

G) prominently

Section B

Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

section.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions

or

unfinished

statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the

best choice and mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today

is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective

deterrent

(

威慑

) to murder, while others maintain there is no

convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.

The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman

punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as deterrent to

crime anyway.

In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those

extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more

extreme than others.

For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and

carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of

relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely

isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.

The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of

citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief

is reinforced by evidence which shows

the death

9

penalty

deters

murder.

For

example,

from

1954

to

1963,

when

the

death

penalty

was

consistently

imposed

in

California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the

death

penalty

has

been

imposed

only

once,

and the

murder

rate

has

risen

to

10.4

murder

rate, which

began when

executions

stopped,

is

no

coincidence

(

巧合

).

It

is

convincing

evidence

that

the

death

penalty

does

deter

many

murders. If the

bill

reestablishing

the

death

penalty

is

vetoed

(

否决

),

innocent

people

will

be

murdered

—

some

whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives

of thousands of innocent people must be protected.

57. The principle purpose of this passage is to ______.

A) initiate a veto

58.

The

author?s

response

to

those who

urge

the

death

penalty

for

all

degrees

of

murder

would

most

likely

be

______ .

A) friendly

59. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the author thinks that ______ .

A) the second type murders should be sentenced to death

B) the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated

C) the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance

D) the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today

60. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between ______.

A) executions and murders

B) the effects of execution and the effects of isolation

C) the murder rate and the importance of the death penalty

D) the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty

61. The author?s attitude towards death penalty is ______.

A) opposing

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Many

are

aware

of

the

tremendous

waste

of

energy

in

our

environment,

but

fail

to

take

advantage

of

straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched

off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate

temperature.

Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and

network

technology,

energy

conservation

processes

such

as

turning

off

lights

and

adjusting

temperature

can

be

readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful

10

C) criticize the government

D) argue for the value of the death penalty

B) speak for the majority

B) hostile

C) negative

D) supportive

B) supporting

C) neutral

D) sarcastic