-
2018
年职称英
语《理工
A
》真题及答案解析
（红色字体为答案）
第
1
部分
词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有
1
个词或短语划有
底横线，
请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接
近的选项。
1.
This was disaster on
cosmic
scale.
A. modest B. commercial C.
huge
D. national
cosmic
：极其广阔的
2. New
secretaries came and went with
monotonous
regularity.
A. amazing B.
depressing C. predictable D.
dull
monotonous
：单调的，枯燥乏味的
< br>
3. A
person
’
s wealth is often in
inverse
proportion to their
happiness.
A.
equal B. certain C. large D.
opposite
inverse
：相反的
4. His
professional career
spanned
16 years.
A. started B. changed C.
lasted
D. moved
spanned
< br>：跨越
[
时间
]
5. The symptoms
of the disease
manifested
themselves ten days later.
A. eased B. improved C.
relieved D.
appeared
提示：该题出现出题错误
原题：
The symptoms of the disease
manifested
themselves ten
years later.
A.
eased (
减轻，缓解
) B.
improved(
提高改进
)
B.
relieved(
减轻，缓解
) D.
appeared(
出现
)
解析：答案选项
D
< br>是不及物动词，后面不能带宾语。
6. The group does not
advocate
the use of
violence.
A.
limit B.
support
C. regulate D. oppose
advocate
：提倡，拥护
7. She felt
that she had done her good
deed
for the day.
A.
act
B. homework C. justice D. model
8. Some of the
larger birds can remain
stationary
in the air for several
minutes.
A.
motionless
B. silent C. seated D. true
stationary
：静止的，固
定的
9. There was an
inclination
to treat geography as a less important
subject.
A.
point B. result C. finding D.
tendency
inclination
：倾向
10. His stomach
felt
hollow
with fear.
A. sincere B.
respectful C.
empty
D. terrible
hollow
：空的
11. The
committee was asked to
render
a report on the housing situation.
A. copy B.
publish C. summarize D.
furnish
render
：提供
12. That
uniform makes the guards look
absurd.
A. serious B.
beautiful C. impressive D.
ridiculous
absurd
：荒谬的，荒唐的
13. The
department
deferred
the
decision for six months.
A.
put off
B. arrived at C. abided by D. protested
against
deferred
：推迟
14. The
original experiment cannot be exactly
duplicated
.
A. invented B.
reproduced
C.
designed D. reported
duplicated
：复制
15. The country
was torn apart by
strife.
A.
conflict
B.
poverty C. war D. economy
strife
：冲突
第
2
部分阅读判断
下面的短文列出了
7
个句子
请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的
是正确信息，请选择
A;
如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择
B;
如果该句的信息文中没有
提及，请
选择
C
。
Experience the world in 3D
game
Ever
wondered
how
your
cat
or
dog
sees
the
world?
Now
you
can
look
through
their
eyes with the first 3D
game that recreates the vision of different
species based
on scientific evidence.
The online
simulation, created by the French3D design company
Dassault Syst
è
mes, with the
guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist
(
眼科专家
)Didier
Schmidt-Morand, mimics
(
模仿
)the vision of five
animals
–
cats dogs, rats,
hawks
and bees
–
as a player steers them through Place
Vend
洀攀
in Paris.
Due to differences in field
of view, colour perception and night vision, for
example, sight can be drastically
different from species to species.
performance,
eyes
are
as
variable
as
different
models
of
cars,
says
Schmidt-Morand.
The
game
was
created
by
using
existing
virtual
models
of
the
square
then
applying
effects
based
on
descriptions
of
each
animal's
vision.
Dassault's
3D
software
allows
a scene to be
modified by adding blur or changing the colours,
angle of vision and
depth of field.
Although
it
was
easy
to
recreate
vision
inferior
to
that
of
humans
–
cats
and
dogs,
for
example,
have
trouble
distinguishing
shades
of
red
–
replicating
features
that
we
are
unable
to
see
was
a
challenge.
Hawks
have
more
detailed
vision
than
ours,
whereas
dogs
are
better
at
seeing
movement
and
have
a
wider
field
of
view.
used
virtual
cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing
angles but the result made
people nause
ous(
令人作呕的
),
says
Schmidt-Morand.
tweaked(
微调
)
the model
to give a sense of
the wider view without sticking to
reality.
The
rat's view also departs from reality: because they
are near-sighted,
everything
more
than
15
centimetres away is ablur, so they
typically move close
to
walls to help them navigate.
open
area,
says
Schmidt-Morand.
The
simulation
for
this
animal
is
supplemented
with
a
map
in
the
top
right
corner
to
help
determine
the
rat's
position:
because
of
their
limited eyesight, most landmarks are
obscured.
The game is intended as an
educational resource and players can discuss their
experience with others through
community features on the website. If there is
interest
from
schools
and
zoos,
the
team
hopes
to
recreate
the
vision
of
more
animals.
16. The game
developed by Dassault Systems is the first 3D game
recreating(
再
现
)
the vision(
视觉
) of different
species.
A.
Right
B. Wrong C. Not
mentioned
文章中相关句
:Now you can look
through their eyes with the first 3D game that
recreates
the
vision
of
different
species
…
.
The
online
simulation,
created
by
the
French
3D
design
company
Daasault,
with
the
guidance
of
…
.
mimics
(
模仿
)
the
vision
of
five animals --- cats,
…
17.
Dassult
’
s 3D software takes
different perspective like color perception
and angle of vision into account.
A.
Right
B. Wrong C. Not
mentioned
文章中的相关句：
due
to
differences
in
field
of
view,
color
perception
and
night
vision,
for example,
…
be
drastically different from species to
species
…
..
Dassault
’
s
3
D
allows
…
be
modified
by
adding
blur(
模糊区域
)
or
changing
the
colors,
angle of vision and
depth of
…
18. The
animals
’
views in the
software are the same as those in reality.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not
mentioned
文章中的相关句：“
We
used
virtual
cameras
to
precisely
simulate
larger
viewing
angles
but
the
result
made
people
nause
ous(
令人作呕的
),
”
says
Schmidt-Morand.
“
So
we
tweaked(
微调
)
the
model
to
give
a
sense
of
the
wider
view
without
sticking
to(
忠
于
)
reality.
”
19. Dogs have larger
viewing angles than humans.
A. Right
B.
Wrong C. Not mentioned
文章中的相关句：
Haws
have
more
detailed
vision
than
ours,
whereas
dogs
are
better
at seeing movement
and have a wider field of view.
20.
It
takes
the
team
the
longest
time
to
recreate
the
rat
’
s
view
because
they
’
re near
sighted.
A.
Right B. Wrong
C. Not
mentioned
21. The team is working on recreating
the vision of more animals.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not
mentioned
答案相关句：
If there is interest
from schools and zoos
，
the
team hopes to
recreate the vision of
more animals.
22. Schmidt-
Morand
’
s favorite animal is
cat.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第
3
部分、概括大意与完成句子
23.
Paragraph 2 ___B________
24. Paragraph 3 ______C_____
25. Paragraph 4
_____D______
26.
Paragraph 5 ____F_______
A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil
fuels
C. Fast
feedbacks
D.
Slow feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of feedback
processes
F.A
prediction of future climate change
27. Arctic ice has never
been melting so fast in ___D________.
28. Melting of snow and ice
enables sunlight to reach ____A_______.
29.
Zeebe
came
up
with
his
future
climate
prediction
by
analyzing
_____E______.
fossil fuels are used up, global
warming will continue for
_____B______.
A. the exposed
ground
B. a
very long time
C. the extra heat
D. recorded history
E. previously
published studies
F. rapid exaggeration of
impacts
第
4
部分
阅读理解
第一篇
A new strategy to
overcome breast cancer
Post-
menopausal(
绝经后
)women who
walk for an hour a day can cut their chance
of
breast
cancer
significantly,
a
study
has
suggested.
The
report
,
which
followed
73,000 women for 17
years, found walking for at least seven hours a
week lowered
the risk of the disease.
The American Cancer Society team said this was the
first
time reduced risk was
specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it
was more
evidence that lifestyle
influenced cancer risk.
A
recent
poll
for
the
charity
Ramblers
a
quarter
of
adults
walk
for
no
more
than
an
hour
a
week,
but
being
active
is
known
to
reduce
the
risk
of
a
number
of
cancers.
This
study, published in Cancer Epidemiology,
Biomarkers&Prevention, followed
73.615
women out
of97,785 aged
50-74
who had been recruited
by the American Cancer
Society between1992 and 1993,so it
could monitor the incidence of cancer in the
group.
They
were
asked
to
complete
questionnaires
on
their
health
and
on
how
much
time
they were active and
participating in activities such as walking,
swimming and
aerobics(
有氧运动
)and
how much time they spent sitting watching
television or
reading.
They
completed
the
same
questionnaires
at
two-year
intervals
between
1997
and thewomen,47% said
walking was their only recreational activity.
Those
who walked for at least seven
hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast
cancer
compared to those who walked
three or fewer hours per week.
Patel,
a
senior
epidemiologist
at
the
American
Cancer
Society
in
Atlanta,
Georgia, who led
the study, said:
”
Given that
more than 60% of women report some
daily walking, promoting walking as a
healthy leisure-time activity could be an
effective
strategy
for
increasing
physical
activity
amongst
post-menopausal
women.
We
were
pleased
to
find
that
without
any
other
recreational
activity,
just
walking
one
hour
a
day
was
associated
with
a
lower
risk
of
breast
cancer
in
these
women.
””
More
strenuous(
紧张的
)and longer
activities lowered the risk even
more.
”
Baroness
Delyth
Morgan,
chief
executive
of
Breast
Cancer
Campaign,
said:
”
This
study
adds
further
evidence
that
our
lifestyle
choices
can
play
a
part
in
influencing
the risk of
breast cancer and even small changes incorporate
into our normal
day-to-day activity can
make a difference.
”
She
added:
”
We
knowthat
the
best
weapon
to
overcoming
breast
cancer
is
the
ability
to stop it occurring
in the first place. The challenge now is how we
turn these
findings
into
action
and
identify
other
sustainable
lifestyle
changes
that
will
help us prevent breast
cancer.
”
31. All
of the following factors relating to
cancer risk were mentioned
in the
passage EXCEPT ______.
A. breathing
exercise
B. regular walking
C. recreational activity
D. lifestyle
choices
32. It
can be inferred from Dr. Alpa
Patel
’
s study that ___.
A. women have
fewer chances of physical activity
B. daily walking could cut
the chance of breastcancer
C. leisure-time activity is
not associated with cancer risk
D. walking is not
recommended for women with breast cancer
文章中的相关句：
We were pleased to
find that without any other recreational
activity, just walking one hour a day
was associated with a lower risk of breast
cancer in these women.
33. Dr. Alpa Patel was ___.
A. head of the
survey study
B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology
C. chair of the
American Cancer Society
D. chief executive of Breast Cancer
Campaign
文章中的相关句：
Dr. Alpa Patel, a
senior epidemiologist(
流行病学家
)
at the
American Cancer Society is
Atlanta, Georgia, who led the
study,
…
.
of the following
statements is true according to the passage?
A. Most women
take walking as their only recreational activity.
B. The study
aims to track the health conditions of its
subjects.
C.
Walking was the only recreational activity for
about half of the women
D. Irregular walking increased the risk
of breast cancer in post-menopausal
women
文章中的相关句
Of the women, 47%
said walking was their only recreational
activity.
A. Most women take walking as their
only recreational activity.
B. the study aims to track
the health conditions of its subjects.
,
…
so it ( the study) could monitor the incidence of
cancer in the group.
D.
irregular
walking
increased
the
risk
of
breast
cancer
in
post-
menopausal(
绝
经后的
)
women
35.
The
word
“
sustainable
”
in
the
last
paragraph
is
closest
in
meaning
to
___.
A.
continuable
B. affordable
C. available
D. persistent
continuable(
可持续的
)
D:
p
ersistent
：
[
尤指不好或不
受欢迎的状态或情况
]
持续存在的，
继
续发生的
;
执著的
;
< br>不屈不挠的
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