-
《大学英语
4
》
复习自整理
2017
年
6
月
20
日
柏映羽
版权所有，请勿翻印
第一单元
MAN
AND NATURE
一
．
TEXT
A
（
P4-7
）
课文翻译：
人在自然界
亚历山大
?
斯伯金
1
人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之
相互影响。人类呼吸
的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的
影响。我们与大自
然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。
2
人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然
。人类把自然资源转变为各种
文化、社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人
类社会的利益服务。人类不
仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境下，
也改变了他所生活环境的地貌和气候，
并使动植物因之而发生转变。
3
随着社会的发展，人类对大自然
的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。
我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及
破坏力的恐惧之中，
他们常常连基本的生活物资
都无法获取。然
而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收
获。在与人类的相
互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。
大自然及其威力被看
成是和人类敌对的东西。
譬如，
森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧
的，
因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。
这一切都是打着
“
文明
”
的旗号进行
的，
所谓
“
文明
”
，
就是指人类在那些地方建立了家园，那些地方的土地得以
耕耘，那里的森林已被砍伐。
4
然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处以及如何得到生产所需的不可
替
代的自然资源的问题。
科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在
改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。
5
目前，
人与自然以及自然与
社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，
已呈现崩溃的迹象。
生物圈
中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为严重。人类和社会的需求，即便是像淡水一样
的物质，
也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。
6
现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产
品。人们生产成千上万种人工
合成材料。
人们越来越多地用尼龙
和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚包裹起来，这些绚丽
的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许
很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是
健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感
受到这种有害的影响。
7
久
而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变
为极其有
害的物质。
自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈
的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？
8
人与大自然的关系
——
生态环境的危机
——
已经成为一个全球性问题。
这一问题的
解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之
间的关系，
这不仅要依靠个人、
企业或者某些国家的力量，
而且要依靠全人类的力量。解决人与大自然关系危机的方法
之一，就
是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然
能。
9
但是，回到我们原先的主题上，
令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏
了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难
，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。
古代东方智者的
话讲得真是恰如
其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永
远呵护你！
二．选词填空（
P19-20
）
第一小题（
P19
）
1) If
you had had a
spark
of
consideration for your family, you wouldn't have
taken so many stupid risks.
2) Due to the lack of an adequate
labor force, even women in this village were
compelled
to work in the
coal mines.
3) We went
through lovely countryside with great mountains,
some of them
beautiful and green and
wooded, while others
bare
and wild.
4) The
cleaner took off his coat and began to
scrape
the ashes from the
furnace with his bare hands.
5) People in that area are already
threatened with environmental
destruction
since 60% of the
forest there has been destroyed.
6) The auto company has seen a huge
increase in the
output
of
private cars
this year due to the
improved working efficiency.
7) Under severe attack from enemy
aircraft, the troops were forced to
retreat
from the
front.
8) When I came up to
a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it
had been
killed with a spear
tipped
with
poison.
9) He stayed eight
days in an open boat with no food, and he was
still alive; his
survival was a(n)
miracle
.
10) Survival of
the Fittest is a(n)
eternal
truth of nature.
11) His heart sank when he saw the
fresh
pile
of mails, memos
and telephone
messages on his
desk.
12) The military
government refused to
transfer
power to a democratically
elected civilian government.
13) In that area nearly six million
people are affected by the drought and the
civil war, and there is a real danger
of
mass
starvation.
14)
Postal service personnel who are severely
irresponsible purposely delay
sending
mail,
thereby
giving rise to
great loss of public trust.
15) With the increase in the number of
foreign funded enterprises, various
kinds of financial disputes
have emerged
.
16) The earthquake may
trigger
landslides that
cause great damage and loss of
life.
17)
Deforesting and global warming
threaten
to ruin the current and future
state of our environment.
18) It is reported that large
quantities of beer are
consumed
, with almost 7
million liters served during the 16-day
beer festival in Germany this year.
19) On a bitterly cold night, the only
shelter he could find was the
hollow
trunk
of a great tree.
第二小题（
P20
< br>）
1) Shortly after the
government's new policy was put into effect, the
economy
of our country began to
show signs of
recovery.
2) We
knew well what difficulties we had to
cope with
in bringing our
work to a
successful
conclusion.
3) She
lived in fear of
getting
injured and never participated in any violent
sports games.
4)
It looks like this snow will stop the food
supplies and we shall be hungry for
a
time, but we've no choice but to
tough
it out
.
5) Many
trees in this area have been
cut down
to make room for buildings,
which has worsened our living
environment.
6) In order to
avoid possible infection by the unknown viruses,
researchers are
protected
from head to foot
with caps,
face masks and white gowns.
7) Despite the warm weather the
explorers
searched out
some
snow on the
northern slope and boiled
it for drinking water.
8)
Starting bare-handed, you have built up so many
steel plants. This is
nothing
short of
miraculous!
9)
As yet
we haven't felt the
need for any extra hands, but it's only a matter
of
time.
10)
While one cannot choose one's birthplace, one can
certainly decide, based
on what one has
experienced, the best place to
settle
in
.
11) Parents
who spend time and money teaching their children
music,
take
heart
—
a new Canadian study shows
young children who take music lessons
have better memories than their
nonmusical peers.
第三部分翻译
第一小题（
P23
）
1) The
war went on for years,
killing
thousands upon thousands of people
(
夺
去了成千上万人的生命
).
2) The farmers used a new
insecticide(
杀虫剂
), thus
raising the average yield
by
15 percent
(
将平均产量提高了
< br>15%).
3) Einstein watched
the toy in delight,
trying to deduce
its operating principle
(
想推导
出它的运转原理
).
4)
Seeing that everyone was bending over
his / her book
(
看到大家都在聚精会
神地看书
), we stopped talking and
began to study.
5)
Not having heard from his parents for a
long time
(
好久没有收到父母的来信
了
), he was worried about
them.
6) The old scientist
died all of a sudden,
leaving the
project unfinished
. (
留下了
未完成的项目
).
7)
Turning to the right
(
向右转弯
), you will
find a path leading to his cottage.
8)
Not wanting to make the
patient nervous
(
不想使病人紧张
), the
doctor did
not explain the seriousness
of his illness.
第二小题（
P25
）
1)
这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。
(live
in fear of)
The village is
so close to the border that the villagers lived in
constant fear of
attacks from the
enemy.
2)
这个国家仅用了
20
年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国。
(transform)
In only
twenty years the country was transformed into an
advanced industrial
power.
3)
看到项目顺利完成，
那些为此投
入了大量时间和精力的人们都感到非常自豪。
(invest …
in)
Seeing the project
successfully completed, those who had invested so
much
time and energy in it felt very
proud.
4)
鉴于目前的金融
形势，美元进一步贬值
(devalue)
是不可避免的。
(inevitable)
Given
the current financial situation, it is inevitable
that the US dollar will be
further
devalued.
5)
现在的汽
车太多了，这个地区的道路几乎无法应对当前的交通状况。
(cope
with)
There are
so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this
area are barely
adequate to cope with
the present traffic.
6)
天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备。
(sho
w signs
of; call upon)
The weather showed no signs of getting
better so the government called upon
us
to get prepared for floods.
7)
那场车祸以后爱丽丝十几年卧床不起，
< br>所以她的康复真是一个奇迹。
(nothing
short of)
Alice
had been confined to bed for over 10 years after
the traffic accident, and
so her
recovery seemed nothing short of a
miracle.
8)
这些同学对
世界杯十分关注，每天至少花两个小时看比赛的现场直播。
(be
concerned about; at least)
The students were all very much
concerned about the World Cup, spending at
least two hours every day watching the
live matches on TV.
9)
托马斯说他家半个多世纪前就在佛罗里达定居了。
(settle
in)
Thomas said that his
family had settled in Florida more than half a
century ago.
10)
寻求他人的帮助，别自己一个人扛着。我很早就吸取了这个教训。
(tough
it out)
Ask for help. Don't tough it out
yourself. I learned this lesson early in my
life.
第三小题（
P26
）
人类生活在大自然的王国里。
他们不仅是大自然的居民，
< br>也是大自然的改造
者。
随着社会的进步和经济的发展，<
/p>
人们对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，
而对其
间接的依赖却越来越多。
人类与大自然血肉相连，
谁都无法生存于大自然之外。
然而，
人与自然之
间
原来存在的动态平衡已经出现崩溃的迹象。
人口爆炸、
生态失衡、
资源匮乏等问
题已成为阻碍人类社
会进一步发展的主要因素。
斯伯金教授认为，
要解决这一问题，
人类唯一的选择就是明智地协调好生产
和对大自然的关爱之间的关系。
Human beings
live in the realm of nature. They are not only
dwellers in nature,
but also
transformers of it. With the development of
society and its economy,
people tend to
become less dependent on nature directly, but
indirectly their
dependence
grows.
Human beings are
connected with nature b
y “blood” ties.
No one can live
outside nature.
However, the previous dynamic balance between man
and
nature has shown signs of breaking
down. Problems such as the population
explosion, ecological imbalance and the
shortage of natural resources have
become major factors keeping human
society from being further developed.
Professor Spirkin holds that the only
choice for human beings is the wise
organization of production and care for
Mother Nature.
第二单元
MAN
AND TECHNOLOGY
一
．
TEXTA
（
P30-35
）
课文翻译：
技术与幸福
詹姆斯
< br>?
萨洛维奇
1
20
世纪的美国人、
欧洲人和东亚人都享受到
了过去历代人都无法想象的物质和技术
进步带来的乐趣。譬如，在美国，从
1950
年到
2000
年国
民生产总值翻了
3
倍。人们
的寿命大幅
度提高。
二战后生产力的迅速发展使商品变得价廉物美。诸如乘飞机旅游和
打长途电话等曾经是奢侈的事情成了生活不可或缺的一部分。
尽管美国人工作
起来格外
卖力，他们照样追求娱乐，并已把传媒和消遣变成了拥有数十亿美元资产的行业
。
2
那么，根据大多数标准
衡量，你会说，现在的美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。不
过，
奇怪的是，
如果你问美国人有多幸福，
你会发现，
他们并不比
1946
年时幸福
（
1946
年正式开始对幸福状况进行调查）。事实上，那些
说自己
“
非常幸福
”
< br>的人所占的比例自
20
世纪
70
年代以来一直稳中有降
——
尽管
20
世纪
40
年代出
生的人的收入在他们的工
作生涯中平均增长了
116
％。你可以在大多数发达国家找到相似的数据。
3
自工业革命开始以来，幸福与技术之间的关系一直是
社会批评家和哲学家们长期研
究的课题，然而，基本上还没有受到经济学家和社会学家们
的关注。经济学家理查德
?
伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方
面进行了具有开拓性的研究，并于
1974
年发表了
一篇题为
“
经济增长改变人类命运吗？
”
的著名论文。伊斯特林表明，就发达国家而言，
一个国家的收入和国民的幸福之间没有真正的相互关系。
伊斯特林认为，金钱买不到幸<
/p>
福，至少在（金钱）达到了一定程度以后是如此。伊斯特林认为，尽管贫穷与苦难密不
可分，但是，一个国家一旦达到稳定的中产接济水平，富有似乎并没有让其国民感到更
多的幸福。
4
这好像几乎是一种普遍现象。实际上，研究幸福的学者们最重要的观点之一是：人
们
对好消息很快便习以为常。拿彩票中奖者为例。一项重要的研究表明，尽管买彩票中
奖的
人中奖时会感到非常非常幸福，可这种兴奋很快就消逝了。一段时间之后，他们的
心情和
幸福感与中奖之前没有什么两样。
5
人们对待技术的态度也是一样的：无论一种新事物多么引人注目，也无论它使我们
的生活变得多么舒适，人们都认为这是理所当然的事情。在技术世界，你每天都会看到
这一原则起作用。曾经一度被视为非常神奇的东西很快就变得习以为常，更糟的是，当
这
些东西运转不正常时，
还会令人沮丧。要把新技术问世之前的情形牢记在心原来是如
此困难！
6
那么，我们对技术进步的快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作用呢？不，决非
如
此。不论好歹，这只是把技术影响的问题变得更加复杂。我们先从负面影响谈起。在
某些
方面，技术显然使得生活更加糟糕了。譬如，我们马上会想到话推销、交通阻塞以
及身份
资料失窃等情况。这些都是让人们明显意识到不幸福的现象。可是，现代的技术
评论文章
多半都没有把焦点集中在具体的、有害的技术上，而是集中在了技术对人际关
系的影响上
。
7
在互联网数据库世界里
，隐私变得越来越脆弱。在许多工作场所，诸如按键监控和
电话全程录音之类的技术使得
对员工的监视变得更加容易。
人们对电视的攻击主要集中
在以下
方面：技术扰乱了人际关系、破坏了社区交往。一些人甚至说，电视是美国人逐
渐相互疏
远的罪魁祸首。
同样也有人认为，互联网的负面影响进一步使人远离了我们常
说的
“
真实世界
”
。
8
这种
广义上关于技术影响人际关系的批评颇有趣味，尤与幸福的问题相关，因为我
们真正有把
握说清楚的事情没有几件，但其中之一是：人们的朋友越多，关系越密切，
就越幸福。<
/p>
9
今天的技术变化异常神速，
购买某种产品时你就知道，再过几个月，比这个产品性
能更好、运作更快的款式就会问世
，而你却还得使用旧款式的产品。换句话说，别人买
到的产品要比你的好。这种失望感仿
佛从开始购买这件产品时就已经存在了。
10
日常生活的压力，一种令人烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超出你所希望程
度的恐惧感
——
这些显然都是技术降低了人们幸福感的
几个方面。然而，技术对人们的
幸福感最重要的影响是在医疗保健方面。工业革命以前，
每三个欧洲人就有两个的寿命
不足
30
岁。今天，西欧妇女的寿命差不多是
80
岁，而且还会继续提高。道理很清楚：
绝大多数人很乐意活下去，
他们在地球上生活的时间越长，
感觉就越好。
可是，
不久前，
绝大多数人还过着龌龊不堪、
畜生般
的生活，
而且生命非常短暂。
技术改变了这种状况，
至少对于富裕国家的人们来说是如此。
我们在该为医疗保健费用的提高和没
有参加保险
的人们的问题而担忧的同时，
也应该记住，医疗技术
带给我们身体上和精神上的好处是
多么有价值。
11
从更深的层次上说，我们在健康和长寿方面所取得
的进步却强调了在国家和全球
层面讨论幸福问题的一个自相矛盾的说法。即使人们不会更
幸福，即使他们更加富裕并
拥有更多技术，他们还会像以前那样渴望长寿。这就像那个古
老的笑话一样：食品也许
并不好，可我们都想让自己得到的那一份尽量大些。
二．选词填空（
P4
6-48
）
第一小题（
P46
）
1)
Studies show
that if a working environment is pleasant,
productivity
increases.
2)
Private
space travel is a relatively new
phenomenon
. It's difficult
at the
moment to assess its
effects.
3)
All of us need to build up
relationships with others unless we choose to live
in complete
isolation
from the outside world.
4)
Since
sending her child to the kindergarten, she has
been delighted to see
a(n)
gradual
change in the boy's
character; he seems less self-centered
now.
5)
As an active
environmentalist(
环境保护主义者
),
Davis has earned a
reputation as an
outspoken
opponent
of any
kind of nuclear waste dumping at
sea.
6)
Quills(
羽毛笔
) were
the chief writing tool from the 6th century until
the
advent
of steel pens in
the mid 19th century.
7)
Do you think it will
ever be possible to alter human
genetic
code in order to
produce the
“perfect” human being?
8)
In the end her sheer
competence and professionalism won
universal
respect within and
out of the government.
9)
His
political views are rather
extreme
; I hate to discuss
anything with him.
10) The
cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol
stations often smells
nasty
after a couple of hours.
11) The consumer
boom
of the 1980s led to an explosion of
shopping centre
development in big
cities around the country.
12) You shouldn't use “Yours
faithfully” —
it's too
formal
for this kind of
personal letter.
13) According to a(n)
survey
among 1000 residents, garbage
collection service
in the city is far
from satisfactory.
14) The
cost of food and clothing has come down in recent
years.
Similarly
, fuel
prices have fallen quite
considerably.
15) The
technicians are working hard to
modify
the design of the new car to
make it more competitive in the
overseas market.
16) In my
childhood memories, we were living a(n)
rough
but happy life, with
no luxuries to speak of.
第二小题（
P48
）
1) The two
runners reached the finish line almost
at the same time
; who came
in first was indistinguishable to the
naked eye.
2) As a result of the recent financial
collapse, many people
are stuck with
worthless investments.
3) The survey suggests that many
college students don't know
for certain
what
kind of job is suitable
for them.
4) You can ask him
again if you like, but it would
make no
difference
—
he will
still say no to you.
5) The doctor explained that
on average
people who don't
smoke are healthier
than those who
do.
6) I'm familiar with the
operating system installed on the computer, but
when it
comes to
repairing the machine I don't know a
thing.
7) Although peasants
in some areas
are better off
now, those in many other
areas still live in poverty.
8) The new staff insisted that
opportunities for promotion should be
built into
the work
contract.
9) As they are
discussing influential modern artists, three names
immediately
come to
mind
.
10) I don't
know the exact number, but there are
close to
three million
unemployed at present.
11) Considering the recent storms and
landslides, I am certainly not
in favor
of
an outing in this
weather.
第三部分翻译
第一小题（
P51
）
1)
虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。
(though)
Though it was raining hard, yet
they went on playing football.
2)
不管你忙不忙，你都要参加毕业典礼。
< br>(whether)
You will have
to attend the commencement whether you are free or
busy.
3)
无论天气多么冷，
她都敞着卧室的窗户。
(however)
She leaves her bedroom windows open,
however cold it is.
4)
即使天气不好，我们也要做一次旅行。
(even if /
though)
We will make a trip
even if / though the weather is bad.
5)
不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
(no matter who
/ whoever)
No matter who /
Whoever you are, you must abide by the
law.
6)
这份工作虽然很艰难
，但是他们决定接受下来。
(as)
Difficult as the job was, they decided
to accept it.
7)
无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为我是错的。
(no
matter what)
No matter what
I say or how I say it, he always thinks I'm
wrong.
8)
不管我什么时候
问她问题，她似乎都有现成的答案。
(whenever / no matter
when)
She seems
to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when
I ask her a
question.
第二小题（
P52
）
1)
他的确懂得很多理论，但是，一碰到实际工作就显得非常无知。
(when it
comes
to)
He really knows a lot
about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he
seems
to be quite
ignorant.
nguage
2)
最新调查表明，大多数市民支持政府再建一个新图书馆的
计划。
(survey)
The
latest survey shows /showed that the majority of
the citizens support /
supported the
government's plan to build a new
library.
3)
这两个国家
之所以能够成功地达成科学技术合作协定是因为有利于他们进行
合作的好几种因素一直在
发挥作用。
(at work)
The two countries could reach agreement
successfully on scientific and
technological cooperation because
several factors favorable to their
cooperation had been at
work.
4)
我在上小学时就看过那部电影，可就是一时想不起它的名字来。
(come to
mind)
I saw the film when I was in the
primary school, but the title just won't come to
mind for the moment.
5)
尽管每天平均工作约
12
个小时，
他仍然陷于重重债务之中。
(on average; be
stuck
with)
He has been stuck with
heavy debt though he works about twelve hours
every
day on average.
6)
有
必要知道他的身高吗？在我看来，
这与他能否成为一个好的律师没有关系。
(not relevant to)
Is it necessary to know his height? To
me, it is not relevant to whether he can
be a good lawyer or not.
7)
橱柜被安装到墙里，既节约空间，又使用方便。
(build … into …)
The cupboard is built into the wall so
that it both saves space and is convenient
to use.
8)
这些工人挣的钱比我们多，可话又说回来，他们的工作也危险得多。
(the
other side of the
coin)
These workers earn
more than we do, but the other side of the coin is
that their
job is more
dangerous.
9)
海伦在
大学里学的是经济学，
与此同时她把哲学作为第二专业来学习。
(at the
same time)
Helen majors in economics at the
university and at the same time she studies
philosophy as her second
major.
10)
重要的是你们
要自己发现问题和解决问题，我是否到现场去无关紧要。
(make no
difference)
What is most
important is that you must find out and solve the
problems by
yourselves. It makes no
difference whether I go there or not.
Enhance Your Language
Awareness
第三小题（
P5
4
）
目前，
许多人都享受着过去历代人想象不到的物质和技术进步带来的好处。
随着
科学技术的发展，人们的生活水平越来越高，寿命也大幅度提高。
然而，奇怪的是，许多人并不感到比以前幸福。可见，人们的收入和幸福并非密
切相关，毕竟幸福是金钱买不到的。
尽管大多数人对生活
并不十分满意，
可还是乐意活着。
他们在地球上生活的时间
越长，感觉越好。重要的是，仅在物质上富有是不够的，人们还需要精神上的幸
福。
Nowadays, many
people are enjoying the benefits brought about by
material
and technological advances
unimaginable in previous eras. With the
development of science and technology,
people's standard of living is getting
higher and higher. People's life
expectancy has soared, too.
However, oddly enough, many people do
not feel happier than they used to be.
It can be seen that there is no close
correlation between people's income and
their happiness. Happiness cannot,
after all, be bought with money.
Although the majority of people are not
very satisfied with their lives, they are
happy to be alive, and the more time
they live on earth, the better off they feel
they'll be. What is important is that
material wealth is far from enough. People
need spiritual happiness,
too.
A
第三单元
FAME AND SUCCESS
一
．
TEXTA
（
P58-61
）
课文翻译：
声誉
梅尔文
?
霍华兹
1
声誉极像一个追逐自己尾巴的动物，抓住了以后除继续穷追不舍外，再也不知道还
能做什么。
声誉以及随之而来的名气迫使名人陷入穷途末路。
真有点讽刺意味，
不是吗？
2
名人有名多因有一技之长，如唱歌、跳舞、绘画、写作等等。成功的表演者展示出
一种风格，
获得声誉。
而且这种声誉常常使这
位表演者确信，
必须把这种风格发扬光大，
因为这就是大众所需
要和喜爱的。可是随着时间的推移，
如果歌手年复一年地用老调唱
老歌，
画师画千篇一律的风景或画像，
演员反复饰演同一角色
，
他们势必都会感到厌烦。
由于公众的要求，艺人竟变成了自己
功名的奴隶。倘若他或她想改变笔调、舞步、唱腔
的话，
大众就
会弃他而去，
转而把那飘忽不定的声誉赐予他人，
一段时间后再
转给他人，
这样不停地转下去。
3
一个人有了名誉，就有了名气，就能赢得忠实的追捧者的高度关注，在任何领域都
是这样。
一个表演者很容易相信，
自己的成就
当真和新闻报道的一样大。
可是大多数人、
大多数艺人并没有得
到美誉和财富。
那些失败的表演者又如何呢？其他任何一个失败者
会又如何呢？奇怪的是，对许多人而言，失败往往就是对失败的回报！有些人对你表示
怜悯，他们庆幸自己不是你。你的亲朋好友也会降低对你的期望，使你不必去和那些比
你
有天赋并获得成功的人较量。
他们会找出种种借口来解释你不能功成名就的原因：你
太敏感了呀；你对金钱没有兴趣呀；你对声誉所能带来的权利不感兴趣呀；因为声望要
使你丧失隐私，所以你不感兴趣呀；等等。所有这些都是借口，但对失败者或假装不在
意自己失败的人来说，却是安慰。
4
历史充分证明，有些人在一生的某个时刻遭遇失败，的确能激发他们更加努力地追
求成功，继续对自己充满信心。美国小说家托马斯
?
< br>沃尔夫的第一部小说《安琪儿，往
家里看吧！》被退稿
3
9
次才得以出版，才使他开始了他的写作生涯并赢得了声誉。贝
多芬不屈服于他残暴、专横的父亲，还忍气吞声当过乐师，但终于克服一切，成为世界
上
最伟大、最著名的音乐家。托马斯
?
爱迪生
10
岁左右，还在上四年级的时候就被赶出
教室，因为在老
师的眼里，他脑子笨，又不乖。以失败为动力，奋发有为，成名成家的
例子还有很多。但
遗憾的是，对大多数人来说，失败就是奋斗的结束，而不是开始。成
名的失败事例即使有
，也不多见。
5
那么，人们
为什么要追求声誉呢？你追求声誉吗？你希望许多人都知道你、赞赏你
吗？你想得到那些
往往伴随声誉而来的金钱吗你想要媒体注意你台上台下的一言一行
吗？显而易见，
在某些领域，
出了名就意味着要成为那些不赞同你的人和诸多媒体的抨
击目标。声誉把你置于所有的灯光下，一边给你权利和威望，一边把你变得不像你：你<
/p>
必须成为大众心目中的你，而不能是那个真实的你或你可能成为的那个人。但是，为什
么人人都追求声誉呢？我想到了以下几个理由：为了在某些方面展示才华；
< br>为了赢得他
人的敬仰和爱慕；
为了成为人人谈论的人物；
为了让亲朋好友看到你比他们想象得还要
优秀。也许你还能列出
其他理由，但我觉得以上这些理由是相当普遍存在的。
6
对那些拼命追求声誉、财富和名望的人们，我想说：祝你们好运。但是当你已经抓
住了自己的尾巴，
即成功和声誉之后，
你打算
怎么做呢？一直追逐下去吗？你若确已抓
住了尾巴，那就舍命也不要松手。我盼你们不久
都功成名就，或近乎功成名就吧！
二．选词填空（
P77-78
）
第一小题（
P77
）
1) There are always people who dream
of making a(n)
fortune
from
gambling,
even though they know the
chances are slim.
2) The
inventor Thomas Edison was regarded as a(n)
dull
boy when he was
young because he couldn't work out easy
mathematical calculations.
3) The police had
chased
after the robbery suspect for about two
days before
they finally caught him in
a deserted warehouse.
4) The
local newspaper has
launched
a campaign to raise money for the girl
who has caught a rare
disease.
5) Rock climbing is
attractive especially to young people because it
is always
accompanied
with
hardship and adventure.
6)
The face value of the bill is one dollar, but its
intrinsic
value is nothing
but
that of a piece of
paper.
7) Having won several championships in
international matches recently, he
currently
ranks
second among the world's professional
tennis players.
8) There has
been a great deal of
publicity
in the media about the campaign
against genetically modified
food.
9) The coach was
relieved that Michael had recovered
sufficiently
from his knee
injury and he was able to play in the
semi-finals next week.
10)
He has dropped his old bad-boy
image
and now portrays himself as
something of an angel.
11) Due to its inefficiency, the cable
TV company has become a frequent
target
of criticism from the public these
days.
12) A few mirrors can
transform
a dark room,
making it look larger and lighter
instantly.
13)
Earthquakes had destroyed their houses, so they
had no choice but to live
temporarily
in the tents put up
overnight.
14) The argument
never ceased as to whether it was fair to
cover
celebrities'
private lives in the mass
media.
15) Kelly got a new
job as a secretary, but two weeks later she became
bored
with the endless
office chores; so she quit.
16) These two TV programs are both
about news or current affairs, but they
have attracted very different
audiences
in the United
States.
17) Jane's parents
held her in high
regard
and
they supported her decision to
be an
actress.
18) When the
results of the vote were announced, the Prime
Minister
acknowledged
defeat.
19)
Scientists are unable to
predict
with accuracy when and where
earthquakes
will strike.
第二小题（
P78
< br>）
1) The teachers felt
sorry for Nick, a former straight-A student,
because he was
thrown out
of
college in the second year for taking
drugs.
2) You can do things
for your health in the way of diet, exercise, good
lifestyle,
and so
on
.
3) As the
ship began to turn to its one side, the horrified
passengers all clung
on to the other
for dear life
.
4) Many of the young girls I know
set their sights on
lofty
goals and try very
hard to accomplish
what they aim at.
5) She
quit the well-paid office job since she
was tired of
doing the same
thing
day after day and she was eager
to try something fresh.
6)
The civil administration promises that they would
not
turn away
anyone who
comes to the relief centre for
help.
La
7) If she
wants to
hang on
to her
professional reputation she should control her
inconsistent emotions.
8) Among us, we would always address
him as Your Majesty
in his
presence
.
Behind him, we
invariably referred to him as Peanut.
9) I'm sorry your tooth is hurting, but
you'll have to
live with
it
until we get you
to the
dentist.
10) This guy likes
to exaggerate and is good at
nothing
but
boasting about his
“glorious” past.
11) As well as I could make out, she
had come
for good
, and had
no intention
of ever leaving
again.
12) Like so many
young graduates before them, they
set
out
to launch their
own
business after graduation.
13)
What if
he
goes home before us and can't get in? What will he
do then?
14) I began to
tire of
the job of a night
watch one week after I was hired.
第三部分
翻译（
P82-85
）
第一小题（
P82
）
1)
To become a famous writer
(
成为一个著名作家
), Mary
studied very hard,
though she knew
clearly the study of writing would require years
of sacrifice on
her part.
2) When traveling, you are advised
to take traveler's checks
(
带上旅行支票
),
which provides a secure alternative to
carrying your money in cash.
3) The seemingly simple decision
to employ a young engineer
(
聘用一位年轻的
工程师
)
caused a heated argument among us.
4) It seems that oil has been leaking
from this pipe for some time. We'll have to
take the machine apart
(
把机器拆开
) to put it
right.
5)
To
understand the situation completely
(
完全理解形势
) requires
more
thought than has been given thus
far.