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《英语
B1
》阅
读理解
81.
Holidays
in
the
United
States
usually
occur
at
least
once
a
month.
Most
months
have
a
national
holiday
that
has
been
arranged
to
be
celebrated
on
a
Monday.
The
holidays
have
all
been decided to be celebrated on a
Monday so that the workers may have 3-day
weekends--- that
is, Saturday, Sunday
and Monday in order to rest or travel or do things
with their families. Major
holidays in
the United States such as New Year’s Day or
Christmas Day or the day, when we
remember the first settlers of the
United States, called Thanksgiving Day are
celebrated all over
the
country.
During
these
holidays
most
businesses
close
and
the
workers
stay
home
and
celebrate with their
family.
Vacation
can
be
from
2
weeks
a
year
to
4
weeks
a
year.
This
usually
depends
on
how
long
you’ve been working for a company, what
type of position you have, whether you have a very
high position or a very important
position and it’s difficult to find someone to
replace
you. In this case,
you might take a few days at a time rather than
taking one month all at once.
Usually
the
more
time
you
spend
working
for
a
company,
the
more
time
you
may
get
for
vacation.
1.
The
government
of
the
United
States
makes
it
a
rule
for
workers
to
have
a
___
weekend
almost once a month.
A.
1-day
B. 2-day
C. 3-day
D. 4-day
2. Workers in the
United States sometimes work from___.
A. Monday to Saturday
B.
Tuesday to Sunday
C. Thursday to Friday
D. Tuesday to Friday
3.
Which statement is not true according to this
passage?
A. Only a few shops remain
open on New Years Day.
B. Most of the
workers needn’t work on Christmas Day.
C. Days on vacation must be more than
all the holidays in a year.
D. All the
workers have a half month vacation at last.
4. The reason why someone has to divide
his vacation into several parts is that ___.
A. no one can be found to take his
place
B. he hasn’t a most high
position
C. he plays an
important role in his work
D. he hasn’t
been working for his company for a long
time
5. Which of the
following is the best title for this passage?
A. Holidays in the United States
B. Vacation in the United States.
C. How do the workers spend their
holidays.
D. Something about the
holidays and vacation in the U.S..
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82.
Why don’t
birds get lost in their long migratory flights?
Scientists have been puzzle
d over
this question for many years. Now
they’re beginning to fill in the
blanks.
Not long ago,
experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to
guide them during daylight hours.
But
what about birds that fly mainly at night? Tests
with artificial stars have proved conclusively
that certain night-flying birds are
able to follow the star in their long-distance
flights.
One
such
bird---a
warbler(
鸣禽
)---had
spent
its
lifetime
in
a
cage
and
never
flown
under
the
natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn
ability to us
e the stars for guidance.
The bird’s cage was
placed
under
an
artificial
star-filled
sky
at
migration
time.
The
bird
tried
to
fly
in
the
same
direction as that taken by his outdoor
cousins. Any change in the position of the make-
believe
stars caused a change in the
direction of his flight.
Scientists
think that warbler, when flying in daylight, use
the sun for guidance. But the stars are
apparently their principal means of
navigation. What do they do when the stars are
hidden by
clouds? Apparently, they find
their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges,
coast lines, and
river courses. But
when it’s too dark to see these, the warblers
circle helplessly, unable to get
their
bearings.
1.
The reason why
birds don’t get lost in migratory
flights
A. have been known
to scientists for years .
B. have only
recently been discovered.
C. are known
by everyone.
D. will
probably remain a mystery.
2. The
experiment with the warbler indicated that
A. birds have to be taught to navigate.
B. a bird that has been caged will not
migrate.
C. some birds cannot fly at
night.
D. some birds seem
instinctively to follow the star when flying at
night.
3. Under artificial stars, the
bird in the cage
A. tried to fly in the
same direction as birds not caged .
B.
changed direction when the position of the stars
was changed.
C. would not fly at all.
D. both A and B.
4. Warblers migrate
A. from
North American to the Falkland Islands.
B. only once during their lifetime.
C. using what is apparently
an inborn navigational ability.
D. when they are freed from their
cages.
5. This article is a good
example of the way scientists
A. jump
to conclusion.
B. discover workable
answers to general questions by studying
particular cases.
C.
formulate a law and then carry out investigation.
D. are frustrated by the
habits of animals.
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83.
Social customs and ways
of behaving change. Things which were considered
impolite many
years ago are now
acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was
considered impolite behavior for a
man
to smoke on the street. No man who thought of
himself as being a gentleman would make a
fool of himself by smoking when a lady
was in a room.
Customs
also
differ
from
country
to
country.
Does
a
man
walk
on
the
left
or
the
right
of
a
woman in your country? Or
doesn’t it matter? What abo
ut table
manners? Should you use both
hands when
you are eating? Should you leave one on your lap,
or on the table?
The Americans and the
British not only speak the same language but also
share a large number
of
social
customs.
For
example,
in
both
America
and
England
people
shake
hands
when
they
meet each other for the first time.
Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman
or offer
their seat to a woman, and so
will most Americans. Promptness is important both
in England and
in America. That is, if
a dinner invitation is for 7 o’clock,
the dinner guest either arrives close to
that time or calls up to explain his
delay.
The important thing to remember
about social customs is not to do anything that
might
make
other
people feel uncomfortable, especially if they are
your guests. There is an old story about a
man who gave a formal dinner party.
When the food was served, one of the guests
started to eat
his peas with a knife.
The other guests were amused or shocked, but the
host calmly picked up
his knife and
began eating in the same way. It would have been
bad manners to make his guest
feel
foolish or uncomfortable.
1. If one has
accepted a dinner invitation, what should he do if
he is to be late for the dinner?
A. He
should find an excuse.
B. He should ask
for excuse.
C.
He should say
“Sorry”.
D. He should
telephone to explain his being late.
2
.
“It
would
have
been
bad
manners
to
make
his
guests
feel
foolish
or
uncomfortable.”
“Bad
manners: means ___.
A. ugly
B. dishonest
C. impolite
D. shameful
3. Which of the
following do you think is the best title for this
passage?
A. Social Customs and Behavior
B. Social life
C. American
and British Customs
D. Promptness Is
Important
4. According to the text, the
best host ___.
A. tries his best to
make his guests feel comfortable
B.
makes his guests feel excited
C. tries
to avoid being naughty to his guests
D.
tries to avoid being foolish
5. The
author of this article may agree with which of the
following?
A. The guest who ate his
peas with a knife.
B. The other guests
who were amused or shocked.
C. The host who picked up his knife and
began eating in the same way.
D. None
of the above.
84.
There have
been many great inventions, things that changed
the way we live. The first great
invention was that is still very
important today --- the wheel. This made it easier
to carry heavy
,.
things and
to travel long distances.
For hundreds
of years after that there were few inventions that
had as much effect as the wheel.
Then
in the early 1800’s the world started to change.
There
was little unknown land left in
the
world. People didn’t have to
explore much anymore. They began to work instead
to make life
better.
In the
second half of the 19
th
century many great inventions were made. Among
them were the
camera, the electric
light and the radio. These all became a big part
of our life today.
The
first
part
of
the
20
th
century
saw
more
great
inventions.
The
helicopter
in
1909,
sound
movies in 1926, the computer in 1928,
and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when
a new
material was first made. Nylon
came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes
people wear.
The
middle
part
of
the
20
th
century
brought
new
ways
to
help
people
get
over
disease.
They
worked very well. They
made people healthier and let them live long
lives. By the 1960s most
people could
expect to live to be at least 60.
By
this time most people had a very good life. Of
course new inventions continued to be made.
But man now had a desire to explore
again. The world is known to man but the stars are
yet.
Man began looking for ways to go
into space. Russia made the first step. Then the
United States
took a step. Since then
other countries, including China and Japan, have
made their steps into
space.
In 1969 man took his biggest step away
form earth. Americans first walked on the moon.
This is
certainly just a beginning
though. New inventions will someday allow us to do
things we have
never yet dreamed of.
1. ___ inventions had had as much
effect as the wheel before the
19
th
century.
A.
Quite a number of
B. Some
C.
Few
D. Many other
2. Nylon
came out nearly at the same time as ___.
A. the radio B. the camera
C. jet planes
D. the movies
3. People can live longer lives because
___ to help cure diseases have worked very well.
A. doctors
B. new methods
C. medicines
D. new
hospitals
4. This passage talks mainly
about ___.
A.
how inventions affect people’s
lives
B. when the electric
light was invented
C. which country
made the first step into space D. why cars were
very important
5. We can safely come to
the conclusion that peo
ple’s
lives
will be
made even
better through
___.
A. new
discoveries
B. greater
inventions
C. better ways to help get
over diseases
D. all of the above
85.
The
whole
body
is
covered
with
skin.
The
surface
of
the
skin
is
dead
(like
the
hair
and
nails), but it is made from a living
layer just under the surface. The outside dead
layers wear off
all the time, with new
ones replacing them, and the body forms a totally
new skin every three
weeks.
The skin protects the body from the
outside world and it passes in information from
the outside.
It helps to keep water in
the body and to keep the body at the same
temperature. Bacteria (germs)
,.
cannot get in through the skin unless
it is damaged.
If the weather is cold,
the blood vessels on the skin squeeze
(
挤压
) down, or contract, so
that as
little blood as possible comes
near the surface. This means that less warmth is
lost to the outside.
This makes the
skin look pale, or even “blue”. At the same time,
the hairs on the skin are pulled
upright by tiny muscles.
When it is hot, the blood vessels
expand, or get wider again, to allow plenty of
blood to run near
the surface of the
skin. This helps the body to loose heat, and the
skin may look red. At the same
time,
The sweat glands produce more sweat, which cools
the skin down.
If
the
skin
has
ever
been
numb,
you
will
realize
how
important
the
feeling
from
the
skin
is.
Nerves
in the skin are sensitive to heat and cold,
sharpness, hardness and softness, wetness and
dryness and pain. If one is not able to
feel these things, which can act as warning, he is
likely to
be burned, cut or hurt in
other ways.
The color of the skin
depends on special color cells. These are just
below the top layers of the
skin. They
are needed as protection from some of the harmful
rays of the sun. The stronger the
sun,
the more important it is to have a dark skin.
People with pale skins may
“tan(
晒黑
)” in the
sun. This happens when the body
produces extra color cells in the skin for
protection. In the sun,
the skin
produces a vitamin (vitamin D) which is needed for
strong bones.
1. According to the
passage, which of the following statements is not
true?
A.
There is skin all
over one’s body.
B.
The skin of one’s body will be
completely different in three weeks.
C. The surface of the skin is made of a
living layer
D.
One’s hair
and nails are dead.
2. The
second paragraph of the passage mainly talks
about.
A. the functions of the skin
B. the temperature of the skin
C. the information from the
skin
D
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the water
in one’s body
3. When will
bacteria get in through the skin?
A.
When one is ill.
B. When
the bacteria are strong enough.
C. When
the skin is cut.
D. When the
temperature is very low.
4. When the
weather is cold, the skin will contract in order
to
A. make more blood come near the
surface.
B. keep warmth.
C.
make the skin look pale.
D
.
help the body lose heat.
5. The color
of the skin is determined by.
A. the
top layers of the skin.
B. vitamin D
C. the rays of the sun
D. color cells.
86.
Many of the
world’s pollution problems have been caused by the
crowdi
ng of large groups
of
people into the cities. Supply for the needs of
the people leads to further pollution by industry.
If
the
rapid
increase
in
human
population
continues
at
the
present
rate,
there
may
be
much
greater
harm.
Some
scientists
speak
of
the
i
ncrease
in
numbers
of
people
as“population
pollution”.
About
2,000 years ago, the world population was probably
about 250 million. It reached a billion
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