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高中英语阅读理解四类题型的提问方式及解题技巧
1.
细节题型
【提问方式】
Wh-
特殊问句;
From the text...,According
to...,True/not true,
划线词语、句
子,
简单计算、排列事件顺序、识图等。
【解题方法】抓住提问中
的关键字眼,仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容,一般可以在短文
中直接找到或稍加归纳就可
以找到正确答案。
注意排除下列干扰项:
(1)
扩缩范围:文章为了表达得准确严密,
很注意对范围的限定。有的是通
过加上相应的
词语限制,如涉及到数量时常用
many,alm
ost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally<
/p>
等
限制
.
有些干
扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。
(2)
偷换概念:
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换
成另一个不同的概念。
望文生义
是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)
正误并存:在一干扰项中,某个句子
或词语是正确的,
其他分句或词语是错误的或表
达不全面,
p>
正误并存,命题者借此以假乱真。
要排除这类干扰项,
只要一个选项局部有误或
选项不全面,都属排除的干扰项。
< br>
2.
主旨大意题型
【提问方式】
What` s the
topic/subject of the text/the second
paragraph
?
What
is stated in...? The text is cheifly concerned
with_______
。
【解题方法】
(1)
最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的
1
、
< br>2
两句
-----
即短文的主题
句,或辅以阅读各段的
第
1
、
2
句
----
即段落中
心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。
(2)
记叙文等需要通读全文,抓住
关键事或论题
来归纳意
思
(
常说明一个道理
)
。
(3)
全文
末尾
(
段
)
找答案。此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头,通过论证,最后阐述核心
观点。<
/p>
在处理文章标题的选择时,
要避免下列
三种错误:
①概括不够
(
多表现为部分
代整体,
从
而导致范围太小
)
;
②过度概括
(
多表现
为人为扩大范围
)
;
③以事实或细节代
替抽象具体的大
意。
3.
推理判断题型
【提问方式】
The story suggests that___________. It
can be inferred
that_____________
。
The story implies that _____________.
It can be concluded that
__________
。
We
can learn that
_______________
。
【解题方法】推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑
推
理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。
p>
【注意点】
(1)
那些文章中直接陈述的内
容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
(2)
推理不是凭空猜测,
而是立足已知推断未知;
作
出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据
或理由。
(3)
不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
4.
词义猜测题
①利用构词法猜词;②利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后
句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时特别留心某些
词语,例如:
or, that is, in other words,
including, although, but, or, even if, on the
other hand, on
the contrary, other
than, rather than, more than, instead
of
等词语之后的内容。
Without
proper planning,
tourism
can
cause
problems.
For
example,
too
many
tourists
can
crowd
public
places
that
are
also
enjoyed
by
the
inhabitants
of
a
country.
If
tourists
create
too
much
traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and
unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to
treat
them
impolitely.
They
forget
how
much
tourism
can
help
the
country’s
economy.
It
is
important
to
think
about
the
people
of
a
destination
country
and
how
tourism
affects
them.
Tourism should help a country, keep the
customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism
should
also advance the wealth and
happiness of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a
problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must
leave other
jobs to work in the tourism
industry. This
means that other parts
of the coun
try’s economy can
suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not
enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses
can also
lose money. It costs a great
deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air
terminals, first- class
roads, and
other support
facilities
(配套设施)
needed by
tourist attractions. For example, a major
international class tourism hotel can
cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to
build. If this
room is not used most of
the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.
Building a
hotel is just a beginning. There must be many
support facilities as well, including