-
2.
十种翻译技巧
了
解完四种翻译方法后，
我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧，
即
重复法
(repetition)
，
增
词
法
(amplification)
，
省
略
法
(omission)
，
词
类
转
换
法
(conversion)
，
词
序
调
整
法
(in
version)
，拆译法
(division)
，正说反译和反说正译法
(negation)
，语
态变换法
(voice
changes)
，引申法和句子成分转译法。
2.2.1
重复法
(repetition)
< br>重复法
(repetition)
是在翻译中，
为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确，
文字通顺、
< br>流
畅，符合目的语习惯的文字，而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。
例子：
1.
You must ask the mother at home, the children in
the street, the ordinary man
in
the
market
and
look
at
their
mouth,
how
they
speak,
and
translate
that
way;
then
they’ll
understand and see that you’re speaking to
th
em in German.
（重复谓语
动词）
< br>你一定要问一问家庭主妇们，
问一问街头玩耍的孩子，
问
一问集市上做买卖的百姓，
听听他
们说些什么，他们如何说，你
就如何译；这样他们就会理解，就会明白：你是在用德语和他
们讲话。
< br>
2. We have to analyze and solve
problems. (
重复宾语
)
我们必须分析问题，解决问题。
3.
Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of
admiration. (
重复省略的部分
)
无知是畏惧之源，羡慕之根。
4.
But we still have defects, and very big ones.
(
指代内容的重复
)
但我们仍有不足，而且是很大的不足。
5.
The
dog
is
chasing
the
cat
which
is
chasing
a
rat
which
is
having
a
piece
of
cheese
in its mouth.
(
指代内容的重复
)
那条狗在追着那只猫，而猫又在追着一只老鼠，老鼠的嘴里衔着一块奶酪。
6.
判断我们各方面工作的是非得失，归根到底，要以是否有
利于发展社会主义的生产力，
是否有利于增强我国的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生
活水平为标准。
In
the
final
analysis,
the
criterion
for
judging
the
success
or
failure
of
our
work
in
various
fields
is
whether
it
helps
to
develop
the
productive
forces
of
socialist
society, to strengthen the overall
capacity of the country and to improve the
people’s living standards.
7.
And I did not translate
them as an interpreter, but as an orator, keeping
the
same ideas and forms, or as one
might say, the ‘figures’ of thoughts, but in
language which conforms to our
usage.(
重复主语
)
我翻译这些演说词，
不是作为译者而是作为演说家。
< br>我保留了原作同样的意思和形式
（或
者像有人所说的思想
的‘形象’），而使用的语言与我们的语言习惯一致。
8.
is
the
gate
of
the
devil,
the
path
of
wickedness,
the
sting
of
the
serpent,
in a
word a perilous object.” (重复谓语
)
女人是罪恶之门、邪恶之径、毒蛇之牙，总之，女人是件危险的东西。
9.
And it is imagined by
many that the operations of the common mind can be
by no
means compared with these
processes, and that they have to be acquired by a
sort
of special training.
许多
人认为，
普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，
认为这些思维过程必须
经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
(
重复谓语动词
)
10.
I had experienced oxygen and /or engine
trouble.
我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备了故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故
障（重复名词）
11.
The
three
most
important
effects
of
an
electric
current
are
heating,
magnetic
and chemical effects.
电流的三种最重要的效应是热效应、磁效应和化学效应。
12.
Alternating stress not
only varies in magnitude but also in direction.
角变应力不仅大小不同，而且方向不同。
13.
This is “good” ozone
because it protects us from the sun’s UV
rays.
这是良性臭氧，因为这部分臭氧保护我们免遭太阳
紫外线的伤害。
14. This is “good”
ozone because it protects us from the sun’s UV
rays. (UV:
ultraviolet)
这是良性
臭氧，因为这部分臭氧保护我们免遭太阳紫外线的伤害。
2.
2
增词法
(amplification)
在翻译中为了使译文通顺易懂，
或是为了行文生动，
更符合目的与的语言习惯而采
取
的
增
加
部
分
解
释
性
词
语<
/p>
、
连
接
词
、
类
属
词
、
概
括
性
词
语
和
代
词
的
做
法
叫
增
词
法
(a
mplification)
。
1. The boxes, being museum quality,
would have increased in worth over
the
years, and made people remember me “with growing
appreciation.”
参考译文：
< br>九只盒子，都足以当作文物收藏在博物馆里，
随着岁月流逝，它们的价值还会越<
/p>
来越高，人们也会因而记住我，“越来越欣赏”我。
2.
The
subsequent
generations
of
this
family
grew
impoverished
by
a
combination of drought,
extortion,
and too many
gifts to opera girls,
all of
which
led to their losing face and
their property.
参考译文：在接下来的几代中，因为遭遇旱灾，被人
勒索，再加上给优伶的封赏太多，这个
家族便最终资财耗尽，风光不再了。
3.
The
men
squatted
in
their
dark-colored
logyis,
the
ever-present
cheroots
clenched between
their teeth.
参考译文：男人们穿着深色的袍裙，蹲坐在那里，嘴里总是
叼着烟。
4.
His
consideration of the Bible with the language of
ordinary people and his
consideration
of translation in terms of focusing on the TL and
the TT reader were
crucial in his
translation.
他注重使用民众的语言来翻译圣经，
注重为目的语和目的语文本的读者考虑，
这两点在他的
翻译中
很关键。
5.
Formal
education for girls historically has been
secondary to that for boys.
历史上，先有男孩子接受
正规教育，之后才有女孩子接受正规教育。
6.
When
she
began
her
career
as
a
nightclub
singer,
she
took
the
professional
name
Maya Angelou, combining
her childhood nickname with a form of her
husband's name.
她的职业生涯是从夜总会的女歌手开始的，那时她给
自己起了个艺名——玛雅
安琪露，这
个名字融合了她孩提时代的绰号以及丈夫的名字。
7.
This plan with all its disadvantages is
considered to be one of the best.
尽管有种种不周全之处，这个计划仍被认为是最佳计划之一。
?
8.
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花满院盛开。
10.
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man;
writing an exact man.
读书使人充实
,
讨论使人机智
,
写作使人严谨。
11.
不要重复叶公好龙那个故事，
讲了多少年的社会主义，
临到社会主义跑来找他，
她又害
怕起来了。（《
毛泽东选集》，第五卷）
The
story
of
Lord
Ye
who
professed
to
love
dragons
should
not
be
repeated.
One
must
not just talk about
socialism for years and then suddenly turn pale
when socialism
comes knocking at the
door.
12.
只是晚上躺在床上的时候，她才感到神志清醒。
It
is
only
during
the
night
when
she
lies
in
bed
that
she
feels
she
has
a
clear
mind.
14.
Day
after day he came to his
work
——
sweeping, scrubbing,
cleaning.
他每天来干活——扫地，擦桌椅，清理房间。
15.
一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三人帮。
A bamboo fence needs the support of
three stakes, and an able man needs the help
of three other persons.
Stakes make a bamboo fence
stand, and supporters help an able man succeed.
2.3
省略法
(omission)
省略法
(omission)
是为了行
文的简洁和更符合目的与习惯，
将一些重复的词语或一些已被涵
盖的意义省去的翻译方法，而原文的意义并未因此受到任何损失。
1. When she could no longer decide, she
became depressed. Whenever Dwight picked
up the baby to take him to his place or
to the doctor’s for a checkup, she felt
relief.
她无法抉择，
心情压
抑，
而前夫马赛一把孩子接走或是送到诊所接受检查，
她就会有
一种轻
松感。
2.
Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a
hunch-and-crouch pose in
imitation of
the natives.
鲁珀特年龄小，双膝柔韧，学着当地人的样子，弓背缩身地
跪坐着。
3. Stainless steel
possess good hardness and high
strength.
?
译文：不锈钢硬度大，强度高。
?
4. Penicillin works by not allowing a
bacterium to build its cell w
all.
青霉素的作用是不让细菌制造细胞壁。
5. This is the solid rocky bottom under
the ooze and mud of the ocean floor.
海底软泥和泥层下面是坚硬的岩石层。
6. There is a 30% increase of our
installed capacity with this year.
今年，我
们的装机容量增加了
30%
。
7.
在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的的错误。
We must avoid making mistakes in our
work.
9.
质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电也不带阴电。
A
proton
has
a
positive
charge
and
an
electron
a
negative
charge,
but
a
neutron
has
neither.
10. He put his hand
into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他双手插进口袋，耸了耸肩。
10.
Smoking is not allowed in the store-
house.
仓库重地，严禁吸烟。
2.4
词类转换法
(conversion)
词类
转换法
(conversion)
是基于两种语言习惯的不同，
在翻译中保留词语意义而改变此类的
做法。
1. Maya
Angelou returned
to America in 1964, with the intention of helping
Malcolm
build his new Organization of
African American Unity.
玛雅
<
/p>
安琪露于
1964
年返回美国，打算帮助
马尔科尔木新建立一个非裔美籍人联合会。
2.
Shortly after her arrival in the United States,
Malcolm was assassinated, and
his plans
for a new organization died with him.
马
尔科尔木来美不久即遭暗杀，他筹建新组织的计划也随即夭亡。
3.
His
(Dr.
Martin
Luther
King,
Jr.)
assassination,
falling
on
her
birthday
in
1968,
left her
devastated
（蹂躏，破坏；使荒废）
.
1968
年她生日那天，小马丁路德金被人暗杀，她痛不欲生。
4. There is a popular belief
among parents that schools are no longer
interested
in
spelling.
?
译文：学生家长普遍认为学校不再对教单词拼写感兴趣。
?
5. He was popular among young
people.
?
译文：他在年轻人中很受欢迎。
?
6.
We
were
most
impressed
by
the
fact
that
even
those
patients
who
were
not
told
of the illness were
quite aware of its potential
outcome.
?
译文：
给我们留下极深印象的是：
即便那些没有被告知其病情的病人对其疾病的
潜在后果也
非常清楚。
7.
学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop
morally, intellectually and physically.
(
名词转副词
)
8.
由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显
的增强。
Thanks to the
introduction of our reform and opening policy, our
comprehensive national strength has
greatly improved. (
动词转名词
)
9.
The
imitation
of
living
systems,
be
it
direct
or
indirect,
is
very
useful
for devising
machines, hence the rapid development of bionics.
对生物系统的模仿，
不管是直接的还是间接的，
对机械设计都很有用，
因此仿生学得以快速
发展。
10. Abraham Lincoln wanted to
build a government of the people, by the people,
and
for the people.
林肯想建立一个民有民治民享的政府。
11.
A
valuable
instrument
may
be
damaged
beyond
repair
in
a
few
seconds
of
carelessness.
由于疏忽大意，贵重的仪表可在
几秒钟之内被损坏到无法修复的程度。
疏忽几秒钟，贵重的仪表就可能会彻底损坏，无法修复。
11.
Some of my class-mates
are good singers.
我的同班同学中有些人唱歌唱的很好。
12.
Party
officials
worked
long
hours
on
meager
food,
in
cold
caves,
by
dim
lamps.
党的干部吃简
陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间的工作。
党
的干部长时间地工作，
而他们吃的是粗陋的饭菜，
住的是寒冷的
窑洞，
点的是昏暗的油灯。
13.
Stevenson was eloquent and
elegant
——
but soft.
史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。
14.
The Wilde family were
religious.
王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。
15.
He is no smoker, but his
father is a chain-smoker.
他不抽烟，可他爸爸却是个老烟枪。
2.5
顺序调整法
(inversion)
为避免字对字，
行对行翻译所产生的弊端，
翻译中要根据目的与习惯进行词序和句
内结构的调整，但顺序调整后的译文不能偏离原文
的句子重心。
1. During the early
history of the United States, a man virtually
owned his wife
and children as he did
his material possessions.
在美国早期历史上，男人就像
拥有个人物质财产一样完全拥有自己的妻子和孩子。
2.
The medical profession is an example of changed
attitudes in the 19th and 20th
centuries about what was regarded as
suitable work for women.
关于什么是适合于女人的工作，
19
和
20
世纪的人们态度发生了转变，
其中一例就是对于医
疗职业态度的
转变。
also
plays
an
important
role
in
making
the
earth
more
habitable,
as
warm
ocean
currents
bring
milder
temperatures
to
places
that
would
otherwise be quite cold.
由于温
暖的洋流能把温暖的气候带给那些本来十分寒冷的地区并使之变暖
,
因此
,
海洋在
使我们这个地球更适合人类居住方面也扮演一个重要的角色（原因状语从句
）
?
4.
Time
goes
fast
for
one
who
has
a
sense
of
beauty,
when
there
are
pretty
children
in
a
pool
and
a
young
Diana
on
the
edge,
to
receive
with
wonder
anything
you
catch!
当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，
又
有个年轻的狄安娜在池边好奇的接受你捉上来的
任何东西的时候，如果你懂得什么叫美的
话，时间是过得很快的！
要是你和一群可爱的孩子在池塘中捉鱼摸虾，
有位天仙般的姑娘站在池边，
快活地捡
起你们的“战利
品”，你若知美，定会觉得时间如白驹过隙，一晃即逝。
(
逆序
法
)
5. while the present century was in its
teens, and on one sunshiny morning in
June,
there
drove
up
to
the
great
iron
gate
of
Miss
Pinkerton’s
academy
for
a
young
ladies,
on
Chiswick
Mall,
a
large
family
coach,
with
two
fat
horses
in
blazing
harness,
driven
by
a
fat
coachman
in
a
three-cornered
hat
and
wig,
at
the
rate
of
four
miles
an hour.
(
当时
)<
/p>
这个世纪刚过了十几年。
在六月的一天早上，
天气晴朗，
启斯维克林荫道上平
克顿女子学校的大铁门前面
来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。
拉车的两匹马套着锃亮的马具，
一个
肥胖的车夫戴了假发和三角帽子，赶车的速度是一小时四英里。（分译法）
6.
Maggie
will
be
nervous
until
after
her
sister
goes:
she
will
stand
hopelessly
in corners, homely and ashamed of the
burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her
sister with a mixture of envy and awe.
麦琪的
姐姐不走麦琪就不会不紧张：
她会无助的蜷缩在角落里，
她相貌
平平，
双臂双
腿上尽是烧伤的疤痕，
让
她羞于见人。
她打量着姐姐，
眼神很复杂，
既羡慕她又畏惧她。
(
顺
译法
)
7.
The
din
of
the
stall-holders
crying
their
wares,
of
donkey-
boys
and
porters
clearing a way for themselves by
shouting vigorously, and would-be purchasers
arguing and bargaining is continuous
and makes you dizzy.
摆摊的高声吆喝，
兜售自己的商品，
赶驴的小伙和脚夫扯开嗓门，
叫前面
的人开道
儿让路，买主和店家争来争去、讨价还价，人声喧噪，持续不断，让人头昏脑晕
。
8. Translating consists in reproducing
in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent of the source-
language message, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style.
翻译就是在译入语中用最贴近的自
然对等语再现源语信息，
首先要考虑的是意思，
其
次才是形式。（顺译法）
9. Baker is typical of many
translation scholars who make detailed use of the
terminology
of
functional
grammar
and
discourse
analysis
in
that
she
devotes
by
far
the most attention to
the textual function.
在详细运用功能语法和语篇分析术语的众多翻译学家中，
贝克很有代表性
，
因为到目前
为止她是最关注语篇功能的学者。
10.
Linguistic
differences are of course indicative of cultural
differences, and
Venuti is one critic
who sees linguistics-
oriented
approaches as projecting ‘a
conservative
model
of
translation
that
would
unduly
restrict
(translation’s)
ro
le
in cultural
innovation and change’.
语言的差
异当然表明着文化的差异，韦努提批评语言学导向的研究方法使用的保守翻译模
式，它限
制了翻译促进文化创新和发展的作用。
11.
Many
man-made
substances
are
replacing
certain
natural
materials
because
either
the
quantity
of
the
natural
products
can
not
meet
our
ever-
increasing
requirement,
or
more often, because the physical property of the
synthetic substance, which is
the
common name for man-made materials, have been
chosen, and even emphasized, so
that it
would be of the greatest use in the fields in
which it is to be applied.
合成材料通常称为人造材料。
许多人
造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料，
这或许是因为
天然制品的数量
不能满足人们日益增长的需求，
但更多的则是因为人们看中了合成材料的某
种物理性能，并充分发挥这些性能，以便使合成材料在其应用领域中最大限度地发挥作用。
（综合法）
12.
From
radio-active
water
and
soil
around
a
nuclear-
weapons
plant
in
Colorado
to
man-
made
deserts
in
Soviet
Central
Asia,
the
world
is
peppered
with
examples
of
what
poor education or unneighborly
attitudes can do to the planet that must feed and
clothe us all.
如果人们受教育不够或不能善
待环境，他们会对人类赖以生存的这个星球做出些什么事来
呢？全世界到处都有这样的例
子：
从科罗拉多州核武器工厂周围幅射活跃的水土到原苏联中
亚
地区的人为沙漠。（逆译法）
2.6
拆译法
(division)
与合译法（
combination
）
这种方
法是指为符合汉语流水句的习惯而将英语中过长的句子结构进行拆解或合
并的翻译方法。
1. This intuition that
looks matter little may be another instance of our
denying
real influences upon us, for
there is now a file drawer full of research
studies
indicating that appearance is a
powerful determinant of initial
attraction.
?
这种认为
外貌并不重要的直觉行为，也许是我们否认对我们真正有影响的事物的又一个例
子，因为
有大量的调查研究的结果表明，外表是最初是否引人注意的重要决定因素。
2. The president, in giving to his most
powerful and most distinguished rival the
greatest
place
which
a
president
has
in
his
power
to
bestow,
gave
an
excellent
proof
of the nobleness of
his own spirit.
?
译文：
那位总统把自己的权力所能授予的职位，
给予了他的最有
势力、
而又最为卓越的敌手。
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