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自考物流英语重点(持续更新中)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-30 03:05
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2021年1月30日发(作者:虚张声势)











05362




第一单元


-----


物流概论




General introduction to logistics)



一、试题第一部分:词汇与语法(单项选择)



1



Do you hear that logistics has become a hot career?It sounds too good to be true.



4


星)
























你听说 物流已成为一个热门的职业吗


?


这听起来好得令人难以置信。< /p>



2



The aim of inventory management is to minimize the amount of material in stock.(4


星)



库存管理的目的是最小化库存材料的数量。



3



If the ship had sailed along the recommended route,it would have been able to avoid the heavy weather


.(6


星)



如果船航行在推荐的路线


,


就能够避免恶劣天气 。



4



Managers mst establish and implement inventory plan on the basis of strategic considerations.(3


星)



管理者必须在战略考虑的基础上建立和实施库存计划。



5



Don



t forget to refer to the book ERP in the process of planning resources in your enterprise.(2


星)







不要忘 了在你的企业规划资源的过程中,参考


ERP




6



The supermarket group has to purchase 400 TEU of cargo from China every year


.(4


星)







连锁超市每年从中国购买


400


标箱货物。



7



Most experts agree that the annual expenditure to perform logistics in the US was just under 10% of the 1994 gross national


product.(2


星)



大多数专家认为,在美国物流运营每年的支出是


1994


年国民生产总值的


10


%以下。



8



The storage expenses will be for your account if you place an order of 100000 tons of roll steel at a time. My workshop use only ten


tons a month.(4


星)



< p>
如果你同一时间放置


10


万吨订购的轧辊钢,你需 要从你的帐户支付存储费用。我的车间一个月只使用十吨。



9



The sites of warehouse are determined by customer and manufacturing locations and product requirements.(5


星)




仓库的地点由客户和生产地点以及产品要求确定。



二、


重点单词(中英互译或选择):



Logistics



物流



warehouse



仓储


inventory



库存


procurement



获得,获取



packaging



包装






inbound


往内地的,归航





outbound


开往外地的




handling


搬运,装卸



coordination


协调





strategic


战略上的




planning


设计,计划





material handling


材料搬运



transport


运输


forecasting


预测



strategic



planning


战略规划



purchasing



采购



handle


运用,搬运





material handling


材料搬运


customer service


客户服务


Warehousing


仓储



Coordinate


合作,协作




advent


到来


process



过程



requirment



要求





Average



平均的,平常的




route


路线





wholesaler


批发商






facility


设备,工具







potentiality


潜力



Distribution


配送



三、英译汉



1.



it is recognizded in industrialied countries that logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production.





在工业化国家里,物流是工业生产 中增加利润的最后一关,这一点已有共识。



overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.



物流的整体目标是以最低的成本取得预期的顾客服务水平。



distribution or market channel is perhaps the least understood business area.


配送渠道或市场渠道也许是人们知道得最少的商业领域。



4



Logistics is a


unique global”pipeline” that operates 24 hours a day ,seven da


ys a week and 52 weeks a year ,planning and coordinating


the transport and delivery of products and service to custmers the world over.



物流作为一种独特的全球



运输管道< /p>



,一天


24


小 时,一周


7


天,一年


52


周不间断的运营着,计划和协调全球产品和服务的运输


和交付。



5



However, when is comes to modern logistics, most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting


jobs ,invisible as it is.


但是,说到现代物流,业内专业人士认为 ,尽管看不见摸不着,但却是最富有挑战性和最激动人心的工作。




6



Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans ,implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of


goods ,service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet custom


ers’ requirements.



物流是供应链的一部分,计划、执行和控制产品、服务及相关信息从原产地到消费地的及时有效 流动和存储以满足客户要求。



7



T


he audience wer confident that they would be able to herald the new economic growth if they could make headway in





1





logistics.



听众们坚信, 如果他们能够在物流上取得进展他们就能促进经济的新增长。



8



It is through the logistical process that materials flow into the vast manufacturing capacity of an industrial nation and products are


distributed through marketing channels to consumers.

正是通过物流过程原材料才得以流入工业国家巨大的制造机器中,产品才得以通过市场这个渠道流向顾客。< /p>



9



Logistics is complex,in China alone,the market structure involves more than 20 million retailing networks and more than 2 million


wholesal


ers’ networks.



物流复杂极了,仅在中国的市场上就有< /p>


2000


多万个零售网点和


200


多万个批发网点。



10



One expert holds the view that logistics is an iceberg,only the top of which is is unseen is much bigger.


有一位专家认为,物流是一座冰山,人们只看到了冰山的水面上那部分,水下未见的那部分更大 。



11



In the beginning



companies that could afford inventory were able to satisfy customer demand.



在早期,有库存能力的公司能够满足顾客的要求。



12



Quite a number of companies achieved success by creating value throughout domestic and global supply chains.


相当多的公司通过遍及国内和全世界的供应链创造价值而获得成功


.


四、汉译英



1.



物流管理的基本概念适用于所有 私营企业和公用企业。(


concepts


< br>


The basic (


基本


)concepts


(概念)



of logistics management are applicable


(适用)



throughout private


(私营)



and public


(公用)



enterprise


(企业)



activities




2.



物流对国内经济和全球经济有巨 大影响。(


impact



影响)



Logistics has huge


(巨大)



impact on domestic


(国内)



and


global


economy


(全球经济)


.


3.


物流对经济发展起了很大的推动作用。(


promote)



Logistics plays a very important (


很大


)role in promoting


(推动)



economic development


(发展)


.


4.


物流已经变成一种职业,注重战略思维,分析技术和采用技术型工具


(value).


Logistics has become a profession


(职业)



that values(


注重


) strategic thinking


(战略思维)


,analytical


(分析)


skills


(技能,

< p>
技术)


,and the use of technology- based tools


(采用技术型工具)


.


5.


现在从事物流行业的收于高于平均数


(aver age).


Nowadays


(现在)


people in logistics business


(行业)



have an income


(收入)



higher than the average.



6.


国际红十字会的工作就像一个活动的仓库(


mobile



活动,移动)



The International Red Cross operates


(工作)



like a mobile


(活动)



warehouse.



7.


在佐治亚洲(


Georgia


)的亚特兰大(< /p>


Atlanta


)举行的夏季奥运会上,物流的费用为

< p>
2500


多万美元


(logistics)


More than USD 25 million


(百万)



was spent


(花费)



on logistics for the Summer Olympics in Atlanta ,Georgia.


8.


外国公司出现将有助于物流在中国的 发展


(


contribute).



The appearance (


出现


) of foreign


(国外)



companies will contributes


(有助于)



to the development of logistics in china.


9.


我喜欢对问题进行详细的分析


(


analysis).



I like to carry out detailed


(详细)


analysis


(分析)


of a problem


(问题)


.


10.< /p>


为了保证物流的及时性,就要求一定的库存存在


(


inventory)




To ensure


(保证)



the timeliness


(及时性)


of logistics ,it is important


(要求)


to keep


(保持)


a certain


(一定)



level


(水


平)



of inventory.



11.


仓储可以作为上游物流和下游物流运输服务的补偿。(


comp lement






Warehousing


is


sometimes


needed,and


can


be


provided,to


complement


inbound


and


outbound


transportation


services.


五、英语简答



1



How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics?What are they?


有多少部门经济活动参与物流


?


他们是什么


?





Generally there are eight economic sectors involved in logistics.




They are packaging,warehousing,material handling,inventory,transport,forecasting,strategic planning and customer service.

































第二单元


----


一个重要因素



































An important factor)


一、词汇与语法(单项选择题)



1



It is through the logistical process that products are distributed through marketing channels to consumers.(5


星)






通过物流过程,产品得以经过营销渠道分发给消费者。



2



The big city has a multi-cultural population with a growing industrial base.(3


星)






大城市拥有一个不断增长的工业基础的多元文化人口。






2





3



The classification of products is necessary for the application of selective inventory.(5


星)



产品的分类是必要的选择性的库存中的应用。



4



Generally speaking,bread(cigarettes) can be found in a bakery(tobacconist



s) shop.< /p>



4


星)



一般来说


,


面包


(


香烟


)


可以在一个面包店(烟草商)的 商店找到。



5



As is known to all ,the GDP will rise as logistics cost in reduce d.



1


星)






众所周知,随着物流成本的降低,国内生产总值将上升。



6



Logistics was formerly called physical distribution.(3


星)



物流以前被称为物品配送。



7



One of the key point in distribution of product is whether it is available where the customer wishes to consume it .(3


星)






产品配送中的一个关键点是客户希望消费的地方它是否可用。



8



We must distribute the products to as many places as possible so that our customers find it convinient


(方便的)



to get them.(2


星)






我们必 须将产品配送到尽可能多的地方让我们的客户发现它感到方便。



9



For analytical purposes,it is useful to describe the 80-20 curve mathematically.(2


星)


< br>为了方便分析,它用数学方法描述


80-20


曲线非常有 用。



10



Item would have a intermediate distribution strategy where few regional warehouses are used .(4


星)



一些商品将有一个中间的分销策略,很少使用区域仓库。



二、重点单词(中英互译或选择)



strategy



策略,战略






physical


物理







availability


可利用的


ultimate



最后,最终



outlet


出口,出路



accessibility


易接近,可到达


furnishing


设备,陈设品




brand


商标,牌子


offer


提供







pattern


模式




patronage


赞助


deliberation


熟思,商议





acknowledge


承认,了解



preference


优先选择


specialty products


特殊产品


shopping


products


购买型产品




Spectification


说明书,产品说明,规格说明


convenience


products


便利型产品


consumer


products


消费类产品




universally


普通的






custom-made


定做的,定制的



三、英译汉



1



An important(


重要


) characteristic


(特征)



of any product


(产品)


is it availability at the place where a customer wishes


(希望)



to


consume it




任何产品的一个重要特征就是在顾客需要它时能买到它。



2



Consumer

(消费者)



products


(产品)



are those


(那些)



that are directed (


直接


)to ultimate


(终端)



consumers


消费类产品是指直接面对终端消费者的产品。



3



Convenience


(便利型)



products are those goods and services that consumers purchase


(采购)



frequently(


经常


), immediately


(及时)


, and with little comparative shopping


(货比三家)



. Typical


(典型)



products are banking


(银行)



services, tobacco items


(烟草产品)


, and many foodstuffs


(食物)


.


便 利型产品是指消费者需要经常、


及时购买并且不十分需要比较差价的产品和服务。


银行业务、


烟草产品和许多食物都是典型的


便 利型产品。



4



Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing


(愿意)



to seek


(寻找)



and compare


(比较)


: comparing in



many


locations


(地点)



the price


(价格)



,quality


(质量)


, and performance


(性能)


, and making a purchase


(采购)




only after careful


(谨慎)



delib eration


(深思熟虑)。



购买 型产品是消费者愿意到处寻寻觅觅比较价格、质量和性能,三思之后才作出购买决定的产品。


5



Specialty


(特殊)



products are those for which buyers


(买家)



are willing to expend


(花费)



a



substantial


(大量)



effort and


often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire


(获得)



them




特殊产品是指买家愿意花费大量精 力并为了获得它们可以忍受长的等待时间的产品。



6



In customer


(顾客)



service performance


(绩效)


,availability


(可用性)


means


(方法)



providing


(提供)



a product


(产品)



or material


(原料)



on a predictable


(预测)



basis


(基础)


.


在客户服务绩效方面,可用性就是在预测的基础上提供产品和原料。



7



Availability


(可用性)


depends


(取决于





on keeping a


safe stock


(安全库存)



and how fast the stock is filled up


(


填满


)according


to


(根据)



orders


(订单)。



可用性取决于安全库存以及根据订单填满库存有多快。



8



Performance is the ability


(能力)



to achieve


(达到)



a predetermined(


预期


) speed


(速度)


, consistency(


一致性


) and flexibility


(灵活性)



in delivery


(交付)


.


绩效是交付货物时达到预期的速度,取得一致性和灵活性的能力。



9



The development


(开发)



and maintenance(


维持


) of quality


(质量)



performance are based


(基础)



on continuous


(连续)



measurement


(衡量)



of


logistical operations


(物流作业)


.


质量绩效的开发和维持是以对物流作业持续不断的衡量为基础的。



10



Logistics in industrialized


(工业化)


countries is now the


last


(最后)


fron tier


(空间)



for increasing


(增加)



benefits


(利润)



in


industrial production


(工业生产)


.


工业化国家的物流是增加工业生产利润的最后空间。



11



It is important(


重要


) to fully(


完整


) understand


(理解)



cu stomer


(顾客)


service




deliverables


(交付)



when establishing


(确





3





定)



logistical strategy.



在确定物流策略时,完整理解客户服务的可交付性是重要的。



12



Basic

(基本)



customer service is defined(


衡量


) in terms of availability, performance and reliability


(可靠性)


.


基本的客户服务是从可得性、绩效性和可靠性三方面来衡量的。



13



Little else


(其他)



is significant


(重要)



if


(如果)



the customer



s expectations


(期望)



are not fully met(


没有完全实现


).


如果客户的期望值没有完全实现,其他任何东西就都不重要了。



14



Logistical performance should


(应该)



be modified


(调整)



over time


(随时)



to accommodate


(以适应)



changing


(不断


变化)



marketing requirements.


物流绩效应随时调整以适应不断变化的市场需求。



15



A fundamental


(基本)



quality


(质量)



issue


(问题)



in logistics is the ability


(能够)



to comply


(遵守)



to levels(


水平


) of


planned inventory availability and operational


(操作)


performance.



物流中的基本质量问题就是能够遵守计划库存可得性的水平和 操作绩效。



四、汉译英


< p>
1



在今天的工业社会里,物流扮演的角色越来越 重要,这已有共识。(


acknowledge-


承认)



In today



s industrial(


工业


) society


(社会)


, it is a universally acknowledge fact


(已是公认的事识)



that logistics is playing a more


and more


(越来越)



important role


(角色)


.



2


、实现顾客的期望值是成功物流的一个核心战略。(


strategy




Realization(


实现


) of customer



s expectation


(顾客期望值)



is a core strategy


(核心战略)


of successful logistics.


(成功物流)。



3


、实现物流高效率离不开实物运输工具在技术上的不断改进。(

physical


物事,实物)



Achievement


(实现)



of logistics high efficiency


(高效)



can't be realized without physical vehicles' continuous


(不断)


improvement


in technology


(技术改进)。



4



物流的最终质量要求就是把每件事都做对并在第一时间做 对。(


ultimate-


最终)



The ultimate (


最终


) in logistics quality


(质量)



is to do everything right and do it right the first time




5


、食物 是典型的方便性消费品(


typical


)。

< br>


Foodstuffs(


食物


) are typical


(典型





convenience


(便利型)


products


(产品)。



6


、汽车,房子是人们要经过深思熟虑后 才能购买的产品(


deliberation -


深思熟虑)。



Automobiles(


汽车


) and houses are products that people can buy


(购买)


after


(后)


careful


(谨慎,小心)



deliberat ion.


(深思熟


虑)



7


、因为市场的不断开拓,公司今年年底的效益一定非常可观。(

< p>
substantial-


可观)



By the end of this year



(


今年年底


)the compan

< p>
y’


s



公司)


profits



利润,


效益)



must be very substantial with increasing


(增加)



market


expansion


(扩张,开拓)。



8



许多公司都在努力创造自己的特色 品牌以引导消费者偏好。(


preference-


偏好)



Many firms(


公司


) are trying


(努力)



to create


(创造)



their


(自己)



unique


(独特)



brand


(品牌)



in order to guide


(以引导)



customers




preference.


9


、产品可 以分为工业用品和消费用品两种(


category-


类别)< /p>



Products can be divided(



)


into two categories


:(两类)




industrial products and consumer products



< br>10


、有效的产品配送模式能够给整个物流过程节省大量时间(

< br>pattern-


模式)



Effective(


有效


) products


distribution


(配送)



patterns can


save


(节省)



a


great deal


(大量)


of time for the whole logistics process




五、英语简答




1



What are consumer products?


Consumer products are theose that are directed to ultimate cosumers. (2



)





According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them,


consumer


products


can


be


put


into


three


categories:


convenience


products,


shopping


products


and


specialty


products.


2



What is the 80-20 curve in logistics planning?




This concept is derived from the fact that the bulk of the sales are generated from relatively few products in the product line.



This


simply


means


80


percent


of


a


firm



s


sales


are


generated


by


20


percent


of


the


product


line


items.



An


exact


80-20


ratio


is


rarely


observed,but the disproportionality between sales and the number of items is generally true.








































第三单 元


----


运输




transportation)


一、词汇与语法(单项选择)



1



We



ve studied all our competitors



catalogs.(5


星)



我们已经研究了所有竞争对手的产品目录。






4





2



Jim is president of a medium-sizing firm that makes mini- motor homes in Michigan.(4


星)





吉姆是一家中等规模的公司的总裁 ,他的公司在密歇根制造微型汽车。



3



This is called the tapering principle.(1


星)



这就是所谓的逐渐减少的原则。



4



There is ,however ,a well-defined order in which the components can be installed in the vehicle most efficiently.(3


星)。



然而


,


一个组件按明确规定的顺序就可以最有效的安装在车辆 上。



5



Recently,it


has


become


clear


to


Jim


that


transportation


and


inventory


costs


are


a


relatively


large


portion


of


his


component


parts


expenses.(1


星)





最近,吉姆已经明确表示,运输和 库存成本是他的构成成本中一个相对较大的一部分。



6



He had been hearing about



just-in- time



systems.(1


星)






他已经听说了关于准时制系统。



7



The firm has expanded from a local one to a national one.(2


星)






这家公司从一个地方扩充到了全国。



8



Excuse me ,but I don



t quite follow you.I



m confused.(2


星)



对不起


,


但我不十分明白你的意思。我困惑。



9



Overhead and inventory carrying costs are always present but may be allocated in a variety of ways.(2


星)






管理费用和库存的成本总是存在的,但可以以多种方式分配。



10



Virtually the entire product is assembled from components purchased from outside vendors.(6


星)



几乎整个产品组装的组件都是从外部供应商购买。



二、重点单词



zero inven tory


零库存


containerterminal/ter minal



集装箱码头,


(


航空或汽车运输


)


站点


broker-


经纪人


replace-

取代,替换



JIT ( just-in-time )


准时制


Transportation Rate(s)


运费费率


forwarding agency


货运代理公司



Performance


性能,绩效


movement


运动





cost


成本





freightforwarde r-


货运代理人



International trade


国际贸易





variable costs


可变成本





container terminal


集装箱码头



Transportation-


运输





available-

< p>
可利用的


component-


部分,配件




performance-


履行






distinguish-


区别








rate-


比率




primarily-


主要的


competition-


竞争





carrier



船,承运人






mid dleman-


中间人


delivery-

交付



fund-


基金

< p>
assembly-


装配


volatile-


可变的


shipper


托运人,发货人




pricing


定价





local service


本地服务



三、英


译汉



1



Fortunately(


幸好< /p>


), there exist(


存在


) middlemen(


中间商


), agents(


代理商


), freight forwarders(


货代


), and brokers(


经纪人


) to assist(




) the shipper(


托运人


) with international movement(


国际贸易往来


)




幸运的是

,


有许多中间商


,


代理商


,


货代和经纪人帮助托运人进行国际贸易往来


.


2



Fortunately, there exist agents, freight forwarders,brokers and so on to assist the shipper with international


movement




幸运的是


,


存在代理、货运代理、经纪人等帮助托运人 进行国际贸易往来。



3



The cost characteristics (


特点


)vary from one mode to another and determine(


决定


) their rate structures(


费率结构


).


几个模式的成本的特点各有千秋


,


决定了费率结构有所不同< /p>


.


4



The choices(


选择


) available


(可用的)



to the users(


用户


) typically(


通常


) include(


包括


) the five major (


主要


)transport modes(




) (air, truck, rail, water, and pipe) and their combinations(


组合


).


用户一般可以选择五大运输模式


(


飞机


,


汽车


,


铁路


,


水路和管道运输


),


也可以互相结 合运用


.



5



Transport may (


可能


)account


(占)



for one-third to two



thirds of total


(整个)



logistics costs


(成本)


.


交通运输可能 占整个物流成本的


1/3



2/3.


6



On the other hand(


另一方面


), carrier performance(


船舶绩效


) is based(


根据


) on the extent


(程度)



of shipment(


装船


) handing at


terminals and inherent speed of the carrier(


船本身的速度


).


另一方面


,


船舶绩效取决于码头上的装卸能力以及船本身的速度


.


7



The


transportation


equipment(


设备


)


is


the


same(


一样


)


as


that


used(


所用


)



domestically


(


国内


),with


the


exception


that


certain


elements(


某些元素


) of the transport system(


系统


) have become more important


(


变 得更加重要


)


.


运输设备和国内所 用的一样


,


但是运输系统的某此要素变得更加重要。

< p>


8



Variable


costs


are


those


costs


that


change


in


a


predictable< /p>



direct


manner


inrelation


to


some


level


of


activity


during


a


time



period



可变成本是指在一段时间内所发生的费用,通常以一种可以预计的、与某种层次的活动直接有关的形式而变化 。



四、汉译英


1



虽然这主要是承运人应当注意的事情,但托运人的看法 也很重要。(


pay attention to



注意)



The shipper



s(


托运人


) perspective


(看法)



about it is important


(重要)



,though


(虽然)



it is chiefly


(主要)


something


(事情)



that the carriers


(承运人)



should


(应该)


pay attention to


(注意)。



2



几个模式的成本特点各有千秋


,


决定了费率结构有所不同


.(vary-


变化



,determine-


确定


)


The cost characteristics(


特点


) vary form one modes



模式)



to another and determine



决定)



their



他们的)



rate



费率)



structures





5





(结构)。



3



费率主要由三方面决定


---- -


运输距离、船运货物的大小以及市场竞争。(


be based



on-


根据)



Rates(


费率


) are based primarily (


主要


) on three factors


(因素


)----distanc e(


距离


) , shipment size and competition.



4



运输是物流系统中设计和管理的一个重要部分,可能占整个物流成本的


1/3



2/3.(account for-



)


Transportation is a vital(


重要


) component


(部分)



in the design


(设计)



and management


(管理)



of logistics systems


(系统)


.It


may account for one-third to two-thirds of total logistics costs.


5


、 成本分配是影响定价的诸多因素之一。(


affect




Cost allocation(


分配


) is one of the many factors


(因素)



that affect


(影响)



pricing


(定价)


.


6


、除例外的情况,运输费率至少必须弥补变动成本。(


at least



至少)



Aside from exceptional(


特殊


) circumstance s



情况




,transport rates



运输费率




must at lea st



至少




cover variable costs



变动


成本


)。



7


、国际运输系统的用户面对越来越厚的文书上,不同的承运责任,不一样的 海关手续和外贸区的适用规则感到手足无措(


be


overwhelmed


)。



The user (


用户


)of the international transportation system


(系统)



may


(可能)


feel



感觉)



overwhelmed by the increased


(增加)


documentation


(文档,


文书)


, by differences


(差异)



in carrier liability


(责任)


, by various


(不一样)


customs


(海关)


procedures


(手续)


and the use of foreign trade zones


(外贸区)


.


8


、我们得把大宗货物分成小批量(


divide

< p>


分成)。



We have to divide



分成




large shipments(


货物


) into small ones




五、英语简答



1



How can we distinguish one transport service from another?




Transport services are best described by their cost and performance characteristics.




These distinguish one transport service from another,and it is what a user buys from the transportation system.




The cost characteristics vary from one mode to another and determine their rate structures.


< p>
第四单元


----


物流战略





































Logistics strategy)



一、词汇与语法(单项选择)



1



Inventories are stockpiles of raw materials,supplies,components,work in process and finished goods that appear at numerous points


throughout a firm



s production and logistics channel.(4


星)





库存是在一个公司的生产和物流渠 道中出现的大量的原材料、供应、部件、加工和成品的库存。



2



Inventories


are


frequently


found


in


such


places


as


warehouses,yards,shop


floors,transportation


equipment


,and


on


retail


store


shelves.(3


星)



存货等经常在仓库,堆场,车间地板,交通运输设备,以及零售商店的货架上发现。



3



Having these inventories on hand can cost between 20 and 40 percent of their value per year.



3


星)






现有这些库存成本每年占存货价值 的


20



40%




4



T herefore,carefully managing inventory levels makes good economic sense.(2


星)





因此,仔细管理库存水平,具有良好的经济意义。



5



One of the seller



s responsibilities under DAF (Delivered at Frontieer)is to bear all the costs and risks to make the goods


available to the buyer at a nominated destination.(1


星)






卖方的其中一个责任在先行交付时 承担所有费用和风险,确保在指定的目的地将货物完好交付买方。



6



Operating systems usually cannot be designed to economically respond to customer requests for product or service in an


instantaneous manner


.(3


星)






运营系 统通常不能被设计为客户请求的产品或服务作瞬间的经济响应方式。



7



Holding inventories fosters economies in purchasing and transportation.(3


星)



持有库存促进经济采购和运输。



8



Forward buying involves the purchasing of additional quantities of products at a lower current price rather than at higher


anticipated future prices.(2


星)



提出购买包 括购买额外数量的产品基于当前价格较低,而不是在预期未来价格上涨。



9



If prices are expected to rise in the future,some inventory resulting from forward buying can be justified.(4


星)



如果价格有望在未来上涨,提前购买一些库存起来是合理的。



10



Just consider why a firm might want inventories at some level in their operations and why they would also want to keep


them at a minimum.(2


星)。



试想为 什么一个公司希望在其业务需要上保持一定水平库存,为什么他们也想保持库存在最低限度。


二、重点单词



1



Strategy--


策略,

战略


inventory cost



库存成本


storage cost



存储成本


tax-


税收


insurance


保险


obsolescence--


损耗

< br>





balance






6





平衡




play


a


role--


发挥作用




on


one


hand


??



on


the


other


一方面


,


另一方面







be


based


on



根据



ov erstock



库存过剩



result in


导致




obsolescence cost--


损耗成本



peg--< /p>


固定、限制


levy


< br>征收



Quantity--


数 量


deterioration



变坏 、退化、堕落


combined



组合 的,结合的




replace



取代、替换





identify--


识别,鉴别




maintenance--


维护, 保养





f ormulation



用公式表示






i


nterest-


利息


cash--


现金



三、英译汉



1



This means the more you have in the form


(形式)



of inventory ,the more you have to pay


(付出)



to keep the inventory



保持


库 存



.


这意味着以库存形式储存的越 多,你为了保持库存所付出的就越多。




2



The logic


(逻辑)



behind


(背后)



it is that the cash


(现金)


to replace


(代替)



capit al



本金)



invested


(投资)



in inventory


can be purchased


(购买)



in the money market


(货币市场)


.


其暗含的逻辑是用于代替投资在库存上的本金的现金可在货币市场买到。



3



For the time being (


存在


)we are concerned(


关心


) only


(仅)



with the question(


问题


) of how much


(多少)



we have to pay


(必


须支付)



for obsolescence cost


(无形损耗费)。



在这里我们仅关心我们必须支付多少无形损耗费的问题。



4



In many countries , taxes(



) are levied


(征收)



on the average inventory level


(水平)



on a specific


(特定)



day of the year.


许多国家,按一年中某一特定日子的平均库存水平征收税款。



does not mean(


意味着


) the more you have


(有)


in the form


(形式)



of inventory, the richer


(富)



you are.


这并不意味着你以库存的形式存放的货物越多,你就越富。



6



The interest


(利息)



accrues on the capital(


资本


) invested


(投资)



in the carrying inventory.


利息随着投资在存货上的本金的多少而增减。



7. Obsolescence



损耗)



means the deterioration



退化,


老旧了)



of product in storage and is not covered


(< /p>


覆盖,


包含)



by insurance(




)


损耗表示仓库中的产品老旧了,这是不包含在保险范围内的。



8



The storage cost


(储存成本)


incurs


(产生)



in respect of product holding(


保管


).


储存成本产生于产品保管。



9



Not many people are driving


(主动)


pickups

< p>
(皮卡)



of that vintage and we don



t keep stocks


(库存)



of any spark plugs


(火


花塞)



for such


(这样)



old cars


(汽车)


.


没有多少人开那些年出的皮卡了,我们没有这种老爷车的火花塞。



10



I’


m sure


(肯定)



they will


(他们将)


transport it by air and you can get it on the same day


(当天)


.


我肯定他们将空运,当天就能收到。



四、汉译英



1.



库存被认为是增值的一个手段。 (


view



as


被视为)



Inventory is viewed as(


被视为


) playing a role in the value-added


(增值)


process.


2



在对库存做计划方面,我们需要考虑三个基本问题(


be concerned with



考虑)



In inventory planning(


计划


) , we should be able to answer three basic


(基本)



questions


(问题)


.


3



保险费一般根据预计风险或风险次数直 接征收。(


be basde on



根据)



Insurance cost (


保险费


)is a direct



直接)



levy


(征收)


< br>normally


(通常,


一般)



based on estimated


(预计)



risk


(风险)



or exposure


over time




4


、库存过量不仅增加仓储方面的费用,也增加其它方面费用。(


overstock-


库存过剩


,aspect-


方面)



Overstock(


过剩


) of the inventory will incur expenses not only


(仅)



in warehousing


(仓储)


,but also in many aspects


(方面)


.


5



一方面本金随着批量大小而改变;


另一方面,


利息随着投资在运输存货上的本金的多少而增减。



on one hand



.;on the other



.


一方面,另一方面)



On the one hand ,capital



本金)



cost increase


(增加)



with the lot size(


批量


).on the other hand, the interest


(利息)



accrues on the


capital invested


(投资)



in the carrying inventory


(运输库存)


.


五、英文简答



1



.


What will happen if you keep an overstock of the inventory?


Inventory is viewed as playing a rule in the value-added process.(1



)





But this does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory the richer you are. (1



)





If you keep an overstock of inventory, expenses will incur not noly in warehousing, but also in many aspects, such


as the capital cost, insurance, obsolescence cost and srorage cost. (3



)



第五单元


-----


包装




































Packaging)





7






一、词汇与语法(单项选择题)



1



Industrial packaging has a significant impact on the cost and productivity of logistics.(5


星)





工业性包装对物流成本与物流生产力有很大的影响。



2



Packaging can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging.(2


星)





包装可以分为工业性包装与消费性包装二大类。



3



First,it should protect the goods from damage during handling ,storing and transportation.(4


星)






首先,它必须防止商品在搬运、存储和运输过程中受损坏。



4



The easier it is to handle a product,the lower the transportation rate will be.(2


星)






产品搬运越容易,运输费用就会越低。



5



Greedy manufactures avoid doing their share toward cleaning up the environment.(1


星)






贪婪的制造商回避他们清洁环境的责任。



6



Our manager suggests that we should load the goods as soon as possible.(2


星)





我们的经理建议我们应该尽快装载货物。



7



A growing number of customers require that product be tracked as it moves through the supply chain.(5


星)





越来越多的客户要求产品在供应链中移动时被跟踪。



8



He cannot be really happy if he is forced by his boss to do what he does not enjoy doing.(3


星)





如果他被老板强迫做他不喜欢做的事,他就不会真的很高兴。



9



He spends most of his spare time studying logistics.(4


星)





他把大部分业余时间都花在学习物流上。



10



The advantage of Third Party Logistics is considered in term of money saved.(1


星)





第三方物流的优势被认为是节约资金。



二、重点单词



Packaging< /p>



包装




facilitate



使容易,帮助,促 进




verification



证实,核实




specification



规格, 规格说明



frequency



频率



identification



识别,鉴定




checkpoint



检查点



potentially



潜在地,可能地





franchise



特许,特权

< p>



trash



垃圾





disposal--


处理,支配




repellent



使人反感的,排斥的





Uiversal Product Code (UPC)



通用商品代码


Radio Frequency Identification


无线电频率识别系统





Transportation Rate


运费费率


dispose


处 理,布置


function


功能


con sumer packaging


消费性包装



Channel


渠道,航道





recycling--


回收再利用





damage--


损坏




chip--


芯片



三、英译汉



1



We have especially


(特别)



reinforced


(加固)


our packaging in order to minimize


(最小化)



the extent


(程度,


范围)



of any


possible


(可能)



damage


(破损)



to the goods .


为使货物可能遭到的损害减到 最小,我们已对包装进行了特别加固。



2



The packaging is strong


(坚固)



enough (


足以


)to stand


(经受)


rough


(粗 暴)



handling(


装卸,搬运


).


这种包装很坚固足以经受粗放的装卸。



3



You shall


(将)


be held


(保持)



liable


(负责)



for any loss


(损失)



resulting


(导致)



from improper


(不当)



packaging.


因包装不当而造成的损失应由你方负责。


4



Owing


(由于)



to improper


(不当)



packaging, the goods are terribly


(严重)



damaged


(破损)


.


由于不当包装,货物严重破损。



5



We hope


(希望)



the packaging will be of a brighter


(鲜艳,明亮)



color


(颜色)


.


我们希望包装的颜色再鲜艳一点儿。



三、汉译英



1



一种商品不但要质量好,而且包装要有吸引力。



Aproduct


(产品)



should be not only


(不仅)


fine in quality(

< br>质量好


)




but also attractive


(吸引力)



in packaging.


2


、我 很想听听你们就包装问题发表的意见。



I’


d like to hear what you say


(发表意见)



concerning


(就)


the matter(


问题


) of packaging.


3


、包装不仅影响生产和销售,而且也影响综合物流活动。

< p>




Packaging affects not only marketing and production but also integrated logistics activities.


4


、你一定发现我们产品的包装美观 讲究。



You will surely(


一定


) find our products packaging beautiful and well-done.



5


、你们能否改进一下包装。



Could you improve(


改进


) the packaging.


6


、包装的关键在于防水。



The crux(


关键


) of packaging lies in protecting the goods from water.


7


、我们容器都是可回收利用的。






8




-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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