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2021-2022年高考英语大二轮总复习 专题四 语法填空练习

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2021-01-29 23:53
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2021年1月29日发(作者:冷冷清清)


2021


年高考英语大二轮总复习



专题四



语法填空练习










词类转换



词形变换



谓语




形< /p>







时态与


动词



非谓语










语态




i


(


含虚




n


拟语气




g


与主谓






一致


)






















< br>动







词法与句法


< br>连








































< br>语























< br>副






















xx







xx





样卷



出题形式



1






1




1





2



1



1



1



1




1



1








1







1




1











1



1




1




1



1



1




1






1



1




1






1




1



1



1



1




1




1









1




1





1








1



1



2




1





1



1





1




1




有提示词



1




1



1



1




1




1



1



无提示词
























实用文档




近两年语法填空考点布局充分体现了“实词考查为主,虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。注


意 :



1


.词类转换以实词中名词、动词 、形容词、副词四类为主,而对于名词的考查近两年均


涉及名词单复数的考查,


而未涉及到名词的所有格,在


xx


年备考中应引 起注意;对于代


词的词形变换考查涉及了人称代词与物主代词的转换,反身代词近两年还 未涉及,也应


引起注意。



2


.对于无提示词类的情态动词和助动词的考查,仅


xx

< br>年新课标全国样卷中考查了


must


表推测,

< p>
xx


年新课标全国Ⅱ考查了助动词


did


。指示代词与不定代词近两年均未涉及。



3< /p>


.特殊句式在近两年虽然未考查,但备考时应注意:倒装结构中助动词、小句替代中


so



neither



nor


以及


only


等的考查;省略结构中不定式符号


to


以及结合状语 从句的


省略中非谓语动词或连词的考查;强调句式中


it



that


的考查;感叹句中


how



what


或不定冠词


a/an


的考查等。



4


.连接性副词与语境填词虽然在


xx


年新课标全国样卷中均有涉及,但可能考虑到这两


类词均为完形填空考点,故在


xx



xx


两 年正式考试中均未涉及,但在


xx


年全国Ⅰ中考


查了无提示词形式的时间副词


before/earlier

< br>,故像


earlier



ago



later


等时间副词



never



hardl y


等频度副词是否会有考查还需注意。



5


.从出题形式上看,近两年


10


个 设空中都是


7


个有提示词、


3


个无提示词,预计


xx



还应该以这种比例来突出提示词考查为主的出题形式。



实用文档




(



)



(xx·全国Ⅰ)



Yangshuo



China



It was raining lightly when I 61. (arrive) in Yangshuo


just before I didn’t care.A few hours 62.




I’d been at home in Hong


Kong



with 63. (it) choking




the air was clean and fresh



even with the rain.



I’d skipped nearby Guilin,


a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone


mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64. are


pictured


by


artists


in


so


many


Chinese


65.


(painting)



Instea d


,I’d headed straight for those who fly to


Guilin


,it’s only an hour away 66.


car and offers all


the scenery of the better


?


known city.



Yangshuo


67. (be)


really


beautiful.A


study


of


travelers


68. (conduct)


by


the


website


TripAdvisor


names


Yangshuo


as


one


of


the


top


10


destinations


in


the



the


town


is


fast


being


a


popular


weekend


destination


for


people


in


ombie


&


Kent



a


travel


pany


in


Hong


Kong



says


it


69. (regular)


arranges


quick


getaways


here


实用文档



for people 70. (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.



(



)



(xx·全国Ⅱ)



The adobe dwellings(


土坯房


) 41. (build) by the Pueblo


Indians


of


the


American


Southwest


are


admired


by


even


42.


most modern of architects and addition to their simple beauty



what


makes


the


adobe


dwellings


admirable


is


their


43.


(able) to “air condition” a house without 44.


(use)


electric



made


of


adobe


take


in


the


heat


from


the


sun


on


hot


days


and give out that heat 45. (slow) during cool nights



thus


warming


the



a


new


day


breaks



the


walls


have


given


up


their


heat


and


are


now


cold


enough


46. (cool)


the


house


during


the


hot


day



47. the


same


time



they


warm


up


again


for


the



cycle


48. (go)


day


after


day



The


walls


warm


up


during


the


day


and


cool


off


during


the


night


and


are


thus


always


a


timely < /p>


offset(



)


for


the


outside



49.


(nature)


architects



the


Pueblo


Indians


figured


out


exactly


50.


thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.



(



)



实用文档



(xx·新课标全国Ⅰ)



Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?



In 1969



the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland



61. (be) unimaginable that it could ever be


cleaned



river


was


so


polluted


that


it


62. (actual)


caught


fire


and




years


later



this


river


is


one


of


63.


most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.



But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64.


even a


few



took


years


of


work


65.


(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the y



that hard work


paid off and now the water in the river is 66. (clean)


than ever.



Maybe


you


are


facing


an


impossible



you


have


a


habit


67.


is driving your family crazy.


Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to


control


your


credit


card



you


face


such


an


impossible


situation


,don’t


you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?



While there are 68.



(amaze) stories of instant


t ransformation



for most of us the 69. (change) are


gradual and require a lot of effort and work



like cleaning up a polluted


实用文档



be 70. (patience)




(



)



(xx·新课标全国Ⅱ)



One


morning



I


was


waiting


at


the


bus


stop



worried


about


41.


(be)


late


for



were


many


people


waiting


at


the


bus


stop,42.


some


of


them


looked


very


anxious


and


43.


(disappoint)



When the bus finally came



we all hurried on board.I got a place


next 44. the window



so I had a good view of the


sidewalk.A


boy


on


a


bike


45. (catch)


my



was


riding


beside


the


bus


and


waving


his


arms.I


heard


a


passenger


behind


me


shouting


to


the


driver



but


he


refused


46.


(stop)


until


we


reached


the


next




the


boy


kept


47.


(ride)



He was carrying something over his shoulder and y



when


we


came


to


the


next


stop



the


boy


ran


up


to


the


door


of


the


bus.I


heard


an


excited



the


driver


stood


up


and


asked



“48.



anyone


lose


a


suitcase


at


the


last


stop


?”


A


woman


on


the


bus


shouted,“Oh


dear!


It’s 49.


(I)


.” She pushed her way to the driver and


took the suitcase ne on the bus began talking about what the


boy had done



and the crowd of strangers 50. (sudden)


实用文档



became friendly to one another.




(



)



(xx·新课标全国样卷


)



Mum



(puttin


g on her coat) I’m going to have to go down to the shop for more


bread.



Alan



Why?



Mum


:I’m not sure what 1.


(happen)



I made some


sandwiches


earlier


and


left


them


on


the


table


2. I


went


to


answer


the



s


omeone


must


have


taken


them


because


they’re


3.



(go)




Alan



Oh


it


must


have


been


Dad.I’m


sure


he


was


in


the


kitchen


4.



(early)



< br>Mum



No



he


went


off


to


his


tennis


match


before


I


finished


5.


(make) them


,so he couldn’t have done it.6.




he


couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff,so I’m


sure 7.


wasn’t him.



Alan



(opening


the


fridge


door)


Well


,it


wasn’t



Mum,


look

< br>!


Are


these


your


sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8. fridge?



实用文档



Mum



Are


they


there



Oh



my


goodness



I


9. have


put


them


in


there


when


the


phone




dear.I


really


must


be


losing


my


10. .Now



why did I put on my coat?



实用文档




一、提示词填空


(

< br>一


)


——词类转换




考点


1


形容词→副词



[


典例


1] Abercrombie & Kent



a travel pany in Hong Kong



says it 69


(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong


Kong.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



设空处修饰谓语动词

< p>
arrange


,需要一个副词,故填


regul arly




[


典例


2] 17 (lucky)



he also had a cow which produced milk every


day.(xx·广东


)



分析



用副词修饰整个句子。故填


Luckily




方法归纳



修饰动词

< br>短语


考点


2


形容词

< p>
/


动词→名词



[


典例


1] In addition to their simple beauty



what makes the adobe dwellings


admirable is their 43


(able) to “air condition” a house without


using electric equipment.(xx·全国Ⅱ)



分析



形容词性物主代词


their


之后应当用名词,


故将

< br>able


转化为其名词形式


ability




[


< br>例


(ill)




实用文档



、形容词、副词或整个句子,或作状语时,用副词形式。



2]


Several


children


are


away


from


school


because


of


分析



介词短语


because of


后接宾 语,要用名词,故填


illness




[


典例


3] He had witnessed too many (die) and wounds at


the


Battle


of


Solferino


in


Italy


four


years


earlier



in


which


40,000


people


were


killed



wounded or missing.



分析


< p>
这里指的是死亡,


是可数名词,


在句中作及物动词


witness


的宾语,


空前的


too


many


也暗示应用


death


的复数形式


deaths

< br>。



方法归纳



作主语,或在及物动词、介词


能有限定词


冠词


短语


后作宾语时,前面可


、形容词或形容词性物 主代词修饰,通常用名词形


式;注意单复数形式。



考点


3


动词


/


名词→形容词



[


典例


1] As 49 (nature) architects



the Pueblo Indians figured out


exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most


days.(xx·全国Ⅱ)



分析



修饰名词


architects


,故要用形容词形式


natural< /p>




[




2]


While


there


are








68







(amaze)


stories


of


instant


transf ormation


,...(xx·新课标全国Ⅰ)



分析



此处用形容词修饰名词


stories



amaze

< br>的形容词有两个,一个是


amazing


,另一


个是


amazed


。修饰物

(stories)


当然用


amazing




[


典例


3]


There


were


many people waiting at


the bus stop



and some


of


them


looked


实用文档



very anxious and 43 (disappoint)


.(xx·新课标全国Ⅱ)



分析



本句的主语是


some of them


,此处


and


连接两个并列成分,再结合前面的形容词


anxious


可知,此处也应该填一个形容词。故此处用

< p>
disappointed


表示他们中有些人感


到 失望。



方法归纳


< br>作表语


系动词之后


、定语


修饰名 词


或宾语补足



表性质状态

< p>
时,通常用形容词形式。注意常考动词分词的形


容词性化,其形容词的形式 有:


?


ing


结尾的和


?


ed


结尾的两种。




用所给词的适当形式填空



1



They


gave


money


to


the


old


people’s


home


either



(personal) or through their panies.(xx·安徽,


31)



2



It


was (consider)


of


Michael


to


inform


us


of


his


delay


in case we got worried.(xx·福建,


23)



3



Most


of


us



if


we


know


even


a


little


about


where


our


food


es


from



understand


that every bite put into our mouths was (former)


alive.


(xx·浙江,


13)



4



There


is


no


need


to


tell


me


your


answer



it


some


(think) and then let me know.(xx·安徽,


30)



5



The


police


officers


decided


to


conduct


a


thorough


and


实用文档



(prehension) review of the case.(xx·江苏,


31)



6



The


climate


here


is


quite (please)



the


temperature


rarely



if ever


,reaching 30℃ in summer.(xx·福建,


28)



7



What was so


(impress) about Jasmine Westland’s


victory was that she came first in the marathon bare


?


foo


ted.(xx·湖北,


27)



8



Life is (predict)



even the poorest might bee the


richest.(xx·江西,


30)



9



For


some


reason


he


sat


beside



felt


(please)



because


there


were


many


empty


seats


in


the



she


quickly


realized


that


it


wasn’t


her,it


was


probably


the


fact


that


she


sat


in


the


last

< p>
row.(xx·广



)



10


.—


Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?




Well



you know



English is my (strong)



So it is my


best choice.(xx·福建,


25)



实用文档



二、提示词填空

< p>
(



)


——词形变换























考点


1


名词的单复数与所有格



[


典例


1] I’d skipped nearby Guilin,


a dream place for tourists seeking the


limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by


artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting)


.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



由于该名词由


so many


修饰,故 填其复数形式


paintings




[


典例


2] While there are amazing stories of instant transformation



for most of


us


the 69 (change) are


gradual


and require


a lot


of effort


and work



like cleaning up a polluted be patient.(xx·新课标全国Ⅰ)



分析



前面是定冠词

< br>the


,因此后面要用名词,再由谓语动词


are


可知此空要用其名词


的复数形式,故填


cha nges




[


典例


3] It’s about an


(hour) drive from here.



分析



句意为:


离这里大约有一个小时的车程。


“一 个小时的”用所有格,


故填


hour’s。


方法归纳



若所给提示词为名词 而空格处也应填名词,


注意要弄清名


词的数与格,即名词是否需 要复数形式,或是否需要所有格。



考点


2


形容词与副词的比较等级



[


典例


1] Finally



that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is


实用文档



66


(clean) than ever.(xx·新课标全国Ⅰ)



分析



从后面的


than


可知此处要用比较级,因此要用


cleaner




[


典例


2]


After


our


plane


landed



we


went


to


the



had


made


our


reservation


six months 17 (early)



but the man at the front desk said there had


been a mistake.(xx·广东


)



分析



由前面提到的


we had planned for mon ths(


我们已经计划了数月


)


可知, 早在六


个月之前我们就已经预订了,故用比较级


earlier




[


典例


3] The 68 (hard) you try to beat him



the more likely you will


get hit.(xx·辽宁


)



分析



考查固定句式。


这里是“the+比较级.


..


the


+比较级.


..”句式,


表 示“越……


就越……”。故填


harder



方法归纳


< br>若括号中所给的是形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较等级或最高


级;注意


than


或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较;其次还< /p>









< p>





the







the










can’t/couldn’t


+比较级”表示最高级等。



考点


3


人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的变换



[


典例


1]


A


few


hours


before



I’d


been


at


home


in


Hong


Kong,


with 63 (it)


choking smog.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



空格后面的

smog


为名词,故要使用形容词性物主代词


its


来修饰限定。



实用文档



[


典例


2] The children amused (they) by playing


hide


?


and< /p>


?


seek games.



分析



缺宾语,应填代词;这些孩子拿谁取乐,应是“自娱自乐(amuse


oneself)”,与


主语


The


children


一致,


故填


themselves



类似的短语还有


enjoy


oneself(


玩得开心


)



teach


oneself(


自学


)


< p>
adapt


oneself(


适应


)



dress


ones elf(


自己穿衣


)



devote


oneself


to(


致力于


)



by ones elf(


单独地


)


等。



方法归纳



若提示词是物主 代词


表示某人的


,作主语、宾语或表语用名词

< br>性物主代词;在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。反身代词反指谁,它


通常 作主语和宾语的同位语,这时应与主语或宾语一致;也可作某些动词或介


词的宾语,这时 需与主语一致。




用所给词的适当形式填空



1



Some


schools


will


have


to


make (adjust)


in


agreement


with the national soccer reform.(xx·江苏,


32)



2



We


tend


to


have


a (good)


memory


for


things


that


excite


our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.(xx·浙江,


11)



3



Andy


is


content


with


the



is (good)


he has ever got.(xx·四川,


7)



4



He gave (him) a new name to hide his identity when


实用文档



he went to carry out the secret task.(xx·湖北,


22)



5


.I


can’t


tell


you


the


way


to



the (Wilson)


because


we


don’t have a Wilson here in the village.(xx·重庆,


6)



6



This


is


by


far (inspiring)


movie


that


I


have


ever seen.(xx·辽宁,


33)



7



Tony can hardly boil an egg



still (little) cook


dinner.(xx·新课标全国Ⅰ,


25)



8



Next to biology



I like physics (well)


.(xx·大纲


全国Ⅱ,


13)



9



She


came


across


an


old


friend


of (she)


yesterday


while


she was shopping at the department store.(xx·天津,


8)



10



On


my


desk


is


a


photo


that


my


father


took


of (I)


when


I was a baby.(xx·四川,


7)



实用文档



三、提示词填空

< p>
(



)


——谓语与非谓语 动词


















动词的时态与语态




考点


1


考纲规定考查的十种时态



[


典例


1] It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just


before I d


idn’t care.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时


was


raining


,后一句中用了一般过去时


didn’t < /p>


care


,根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。故填


arrived




[


典例


2] This cycle 48 (go) day after day



The walls warm up during


the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(




) for t


he outside temperatures.(xx·全国Ⅱ)



分析



这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了土 坯房冬暖夏凉的原理。此处指前面提到的循环不


断地持续下去,这种情况是客观事实,故 用一般现在时态。又因为主语


this


cycle

< p>
为单


数第三人称,故填


goes

< br>。



[


典例


3] In 1969



the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near


Cleveland



61 (be)


unimaginable


that


it


could


ever


be


cleaned


up.(xx·新课标全国Ⅰ)



分析



事情发生在

1969


年,是一个过去的时间,故此处要用一般过去时,又因为主语为

< p>
实用文档



it


,故填< /p>


was




方法归纳



句中若缺少谓语,注意要考 虑所给动词的时态与语态。判断时态首


先要确定时间,然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应 该运用哪种时态。有时也可


以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定 时态。考试说明


中规定考的有十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时 、过


去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将


来时。近两年考查一般过去时和一般现在时居多。



考点


2


考纲规定考查的八种时态的被动语态



[


典例


1]


He


sold


or


exchanged


some


of


the


milk


in


the


towns


nearby


for


other


food


and


made


cheese


and


butter


for


the


family


with


what








19


(leave)


.( xx·广东


)



分析



由语境可知,整体为过去时态, 且


what



leave


之间是被动关系,故此处用一般


过去时的被动语态。故填

was left




[


典例


2]


Be


patient



Tai


Chi 66


(call)


“shadow


boxing”


in



asks you to act like water


:...(xx·辽宁


)



分析



整篇对话的时态是一般现在时。


Tai Chi



call


之间是被动关系,所以要用一般

< p>
现在时的被动语态。故填


is called




方法归纳



句中缺少谓语,且与主语存 在被动关系,考虑根据时间和动作存在


实用文档



的方式,确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。考试说


明中规定考的各种时态的被动语态有八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将


来时、现在 进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。



考点


3


时态与语态中的几个特殊用法



[


典例


1] Unless some extra money (find)



the theatre


will close.(xx·大纲全国,


22)



分析



考查一般现在时表将来。由语境 可知,此处是


unless


引导的条件状语从句,主句


用一般将来时态,从句要用一般现在时态表将来;句中主语


some extra money



find


之 间为动宾关系,要用被动语态。故填


is found




[


典例


2]


James


has


just


arrived



but


I


didn’t


know


he


(e)


until yesterday.(xx·重庆,


8)



分析



考查过去进行时表过去将来。


was ing

< br>为过去进行时态,表示过去将来。


know


< p>
面为宾语从句,从句动词相对于


know


而言指将 要发生的动作,而


e



go

< p>


leave



star t



arrive


等瞬间性动词可用进 行时态表示将来的动作。根据


didn’t


可知此处应该用过去


进行时表示过去将来的动作。



[


典例


3]


Food


supplies


in


the


flood


?


stricken


area (run)


must act immediately before there’s none left.(xx·重庆,


27)



分析



考查现在进行时表一般将来与主动表被动。由句中


before there’s none left


可知食物还没有用完,故用现在进行时表示“(食 品供应


)


快用完了”;此外


run out



实用文档



不及物动词,不可用于被动语态。故填


are running




[


典例


4] Yangshuo 67


(be) really beautiful.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段 介绍阳朔的自然条件,属客观事实,要用一般现


在时;由于主语是单数第三人称形式,故 填


is




方法归纳



在确定谓语动词的时态与语 态时,我们可从四个方面来进行判断:



(1)


看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。



(2)


看上下文的谓语动词的形式。



(3)


看是否是特殊的句型。如:



①was/were about to do...when...


did...



②It is/has been+时间段+


since...did...



③It/This/That is the first time that...


have/has done...



It/This/That was


the first time that...had done...



④It’s (high time) that...


did/should do



⑤Hardly


had


< p>




done...w hen...did...




No


sooner


had






done...th an...did...



这样的句型还有很多,平时要注意积累。


(4)


看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动,还需看所给是否为及物动词 ,是否


考查主动表被动等。



(5)


注意主谓是否一致。



实用文档



实用文档



考点


4


虚拟语气中的时态与语态



[


典例


1] He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the the word


quickly got around that he was from


New York City.(xx·广东


)



分析



这是由


as


if

引导的虚拟语气,因为是与过去事实相反,故用过去完成时,填


had


bought




[


典例


2] Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)


as well as her.(xx·陕西,


23)



分析



wish


后跟宾语从句时,从句中需要用虚拟语气。由语境可知,此处叙述的是与现


在事实相反 的假设,谓语动词应用过去式


(be



were)


。故填


danced




[


典例


3] It is lucky we booked a room



or we (have)


nowhere to stay now.(xx·安徽,


32)



分析



本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件 句中的运用,条件句部分在


or


中体现,相当于


if we hadn’t booked a room,


we would have nowhere to stay now


,根据“now”可


知,是对现在进行虚拟。故填


would have




方法归纳



一旦判定所给动词在句中作 谓语后,就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一


致等。



除了


if


虚拟条件句,还应注意虚拟语气的标 志词,如:


suggest



woul d


rather



as

< p>
if



wish



otherwise



or

< br>,


but for


等。




实用文档



用所给动词的适当形式填空



1



Just


as


I


got


to


the


school


gate



I


realized


I


(leave) my book in the cafe.(xx·安徽,


24)



2



It


is


reported


that


a


space


station


(build) on the moon in years to e.(xx·安徽,


29)



3


.—


Is Peter ing?




No



he (change)


his


mind


after


a


phone


call


at


the


last


minute.(xx·重庆,


1)



4


.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’c


lock this afternoon because she


(teach) a class at that time.(xx·天津,


6)



5



Despite


the


previous


rounds


of


talks



no


agreement (reach)


so far by the two sides.(xx·天津,


9)



6



Marty (work) really hard on his book and he thinks


he’ll have finished it by Friday.(xx·陕西,


22)



7



The


real


reason


why


prices (be)



and


still


are



too


high


is


plex



and


no


short


discussion


can


satisfactorily


explain


this


problem.(xx·江苏,

< br>30)



8



As you go through this book



you (find) that each of


the


millions


of


people


who


lived


through


World


War



had


a


different


实用文档



experience.(xx·湖南,


22)


9



He


must


have


sensed


that


I (look)


at



suddenly


glanced


at


me


and


said


quietly


,“Why


are


you


staring


at


me


like


that


?”(xx·湖南,


28)



10



To


my


delight



I (choose)


from


hundreds


of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(xx·福建,


26)



11



In


the


last


few


years



China


(make) great achievements in environmental protection.(xx·北京,


26)



12


.I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I


(ask)



“What do you wish me to do now?”(xx·湖南,


25)



非谓语动词




考点


1


动词不定式



[


典例


1] When a new day breaks



the walls have given up their heat and are now


cold


enough 46 (cool)


the


house


during


the


hot


day



at


the


same


time



they warm up again for the night.(xx·全国Ⅱ)



分析



“be+形容词+


enough


+动词不定式”为常用句式,意为“足够……,能够做某


事”。故填


to cool




[


典例


2] Since the plants took a while to grow



he started cutting down trees


实用文档



23


(sell) the wood.(xx·广东


)



分析



砍树的目的是卖钱,故这里用动 词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。故填


to sell




[


典例


3] It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution


and clean the water.(xx·新课标全国Ⅰ)



分析



句中


i t


是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式,该句结构为“It


takes+时间+


to do sth.”。故填


to reduce




[


典例


4] She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother



who was always delighted with perfume.(xx·广东


)



分析



该句空格前是形容词,所以用动词不定式作状语。故填


to please




方法归纳



首先分析句子结构,若句子 中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,


需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何 成分,再根据各非谓语


动词的特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查,需注意不定式的 时态和语


态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。



考点


2


动词的

< br>?


ing


形式



[


典例


1]


Abercrombie


&


Kent



a


travel


pany


in


Hong


Kong



says


it


regularly


arranges


quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong


Kong.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



句中已有谓语动词


arranges


,故应考虑非谓语动词。



由于


live


与其所修饰的名



people


之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,

< p>
故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作后置定语。



实用文档




living

< p>



[


典例


2] In addition to their simple beauty



what makes the adobe dwellings


admirable


is


their


ability


to


“air


condition”


a


house


without








44


(use) electric equipment.(xx·全国Ⅱ)



分析



句中已有谓语,介词

< p>
without


之后的动词要用动名词形式。故填


using




[


典例


3] I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver



but he refused


to


stop


until


we


reached


the


next




the


boy


kept








47


(ride)


.(xx·新课标全国Ⅱ)



分析



根据空格前面的


kept


可知,此处是


keep


doing


sth.


结构,意为“继 续做某事”。


故后面应使用


v


.


?


ing


形式,因此需将

ride


变成


riding




方法归纳



现在 分词作状语,


表示自然而然的结果或伴随,


且与句子主语


构成逻辑上的主动关系;


现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正 在


进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;此外,应熟记


能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。



考点


3


动词的过去分词



[


典例


1]


A


study


of


travelers 68 (conduct)


by


the


website


TripAdvisor


names Yangshuo as one o


f the top 10 destinations in the world.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



句中出现双动词


conduct



names


且无连词,


通过


name


的第三人称单 数形式可判



names


为句子的谓语 ,故判定设空处应填非谓语动词形式作


a


study


的定语。


conduct


实用文档




study


之间为动宾 关系,故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外,


by


是解题的关键 词,


conducted by...


意为“由……所做的”。



故填


conducted




[


典例


2]


The


adobe


dwellings(


土坯房


) 41 (build)


by


the


Pueblo


Indians


of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and


engineers.(xx·全国Ⅱ)



分析



build


与句子谓语


are admired


之间无连词,故应填非谓语动词。



主语


adobe


dwellings


与动词


build


之间为逻辑上的动宾 关系,故用过去分词形式作后置定语。又



by


一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。故填


built




方法归纳



过去分词可作状语、


定语或补语,


表示被动与完成;



若作表语常


考的为形容词性化的过去 分词;过去分词不可作主语或宾语。




用所给动词的适当形式填空



考点一



非谓语动词作状语



1



(raise)


in


the


poorest


area


of


Glasgow



he


had


a


long



hard road to being a football star.(xx·重庆,


6)



2



Like


ancient


sailors



birds


can


find


their


way (use)


the sun and the stars.(xx·重庆,


11)



3



(work) for


two days



Steve


managed to finish his report on schedule.(xx·天津,


8)



实用文档



4



When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile



she stood


rooted to the ground



(wonder) whether to stay or


leave.(xx·湖南,


30)



5



(learn)


more


about


Chinese


culture



Jack


has


decided


to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(xx·福建,


28)



6



Anxiously



she took the dress out of the package and tried it on



only


(find) it didn’t fit.(xx·天津,


5)



考点二



非谓语动词作定语



1



The park was full of people



(enjoy) themselves in


the sunshine.(xx·北京,


23)



2



Amie Salmon



disabled



is attended throughout her school days by a nurse


(appoint) to guard her.(xx·浙江,


14)



3


.There’s


a


note


pinned


to


the


door


(say)


when


the


shop


will


open


again.(xx·山东,


6)



4



Today there are more airplanes (carry) more people than ever


before in the skies.(xx·大纲全国,


23)



5



There are still many problems (solve) before


we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(xx·北京,


28)



6



Volunteering gives you a chance (change) lives



实用文档



i


ncluding your own.(xx·北京,


21)



考点三



非谓语动词作主语、宾语或表语



1



(ignore) the difference between the two research


findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(xx·安徽,


27)



2



After


receiving


the


Oscar


for


Best


Supporting


Actress



Anne


Benedict


went


on


(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.(xx·陕西,


17)



3



It’s


standard


practice


for


a


pany


like


this


one


(employ)


a


security


officer.(xx·山东,


9)



4



The film star wears ore



he can go shopping without



(recogniz e)


.(xx·北京,


35)



5



For those with family members far away



the personal puter and the phone are


important in staying (connect)


.(xx·福建,


30)

< br>


6


.The engine just won’t ing se


(go) wrong with


it.(xx·重庆,


34)



考点四



非谓语动词作宾补或主补



1



Listening


to


music


at


home


is


one


thing



going


to


hear


it (perform)


live is quite another.(xx·浙江,


18)



2



Little Tom sat (amaze) watching the monkey dancing


in fr


ont of him.(xx·四川,


9)



实用文档



3



Back from his two


?


year medical service in Africa



was very happy to


see his mother


(take) good care of at home.(xx·陕西,


18)



4



He


is


thought


(act)


f



he


has


no


one


but


himself


to


blame


for


losing


the


job.(x x·江


西,


34)



5



When we saw the road (block) with snow



we decided


to spend the holiday at home.(xx·北京,


29)



6



Let those in need (understand) that we will go all


out to help them.(xx·陕西,


13)



考点五



省略句中的非谓语动词及独立主格



1



Much


time (spend)


sitting


at


a


desk



office


workers


are generally troubled by health problems.(xx·江苏,


24)


< br>2



Children



when (acpany)


by


their


parents



are


allowed


to enter the stadium.(xx·湖南,


21)



3



The


lecture












(give)



a


lively


question


?< /p>


and


?


answer


session


followed.(xx·江苏,


29)



4



The


party


will


be


held


in


the


garden



weather


(permit)


.(xx·新课标全国,

28)



实用文档



5



Bats are surprisingly long


?


lived creatures



some


(have) a life span of around 20 years.(xx·浙江,


3)



四、纯空格填空



代词、冠词与介词




考点


1


代词



[


典例


1] Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and


that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(xx·广东


)



分析



It occurred to ...


某人突然想到……,这是一个固定句型,因为这篇短


文讲 述的是


Johnson


先生,即从句中


his


,故填


him




[


典例


2]


Last


year



my


brother


and


I


went


to


Miami


for


a



of


my


friends


who


had


been


there


before


said








16








was


a


wonderful


holiday


destination.(xx·广东


)



分析



从空后的


a wonderful holiday dest ination


可知,这个地方就是


Miami


,用


it


指代前面提到的地点。故填

< br>it




[


典例


3]


Raise


your


leg


and


let 65


stay


in


the


air


for


seconds.( xx·辽



)



分析



根据句意可知此处应该填入指代


leg


的代词。故填


it




方法归纳


< p>
当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。要根据语境,看该空格是指


实用文档



人还是指物,


是男还是女,


是单数还是复数。


为了避免重复,


it



one


s



that



those


都可 以用来替代上文出现的名词,要注意它们的不同用法。


it


可以 用来代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注


意不定代词


one



both



neither



nor


all



none



either



anot her



的用法。



考点


2


冠词



[


典例


1]


The


adobe


dwellings(


土坯房


)


built


by


the


Pueblo


Indians


of


the


American


Southwest are admired by even 42 most modern of architects and


engineers.(xx·全国Ⅱ)



分析



空格之后为形容词的最高级形式 ,故填定冠词


the




[


典例


2] n lived in the woods with his wife and owned


16 farm


,which looked almost abandoned.(xx·广东


)



分析



名词


f arm


前缺少限定词,根据语境可知,


Johnson


先生和家人住在树林里,他拥


有一个农场。故填不定冠词


a


,泛指“一个……”,修饰可数名词单数


farm< /p>




方法归纳



在名词或“形容词+名词”前缺少限定词时,要考虑冠词。不定冠词

a/an


表示泛指,


可译作“一个


/



/


座/……”等;


定冠词


the


表示特指,


相当 于“这,


这些,那,那些”。另外,特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物 ,



the


;在序数词前、最高级前、 独一无二的事物名词之前,用


the




考点


3


介词



实用文档



[


典例


1]


For


those


who


fly


to


Guilin


,it’s


only


an


hour


away


66 car


and offers all the scenery of the better


?


known city.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



分析



根据句意可知,


这只是驱车一小时的路程。

“by+交通工具名词”为一固定短语。


故填


by




[


典例


2]


... 47 the


same


time



they


warm


up


again


for


the


night.(xx·全


国Ⅱ)



分析



at the same ti me


意为“同时”,是一个常用介词短语。故填


at

< p>



[


典例


3] He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 18


other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.(xx·广



)


















< br>用


















exchange...for...


,意为“用……交换……”。故填 介词


for




方法归纳



如果句子中不缺少主语或表 语,


动词后又不缺少宾语,


则在名


词或 代词前一定是填介词。其次,还要注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。




在空白处填入适当的词


(

< p>
每空


1



)



考点一



代词



1



The


quality


of


education


in


this


small


school


is


better


than


in some larger schools.(xx·天津,


2)



实用文档



2



To warm himself



the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot


against the


.(xx·陕西,


13)



3



The


research


group


produced


two


reports


based


on


the


survey



but


contained any useful suggestions.(xx·福建,


21)



4



Niki is always full of ideas



but is useful to my


knowledge.(xx·四川,


10)



5



The


meeting


will


be


held


in


September



but knows


the


date for sure.(xx·重庆,


2)



6



How


would


you


like if


you


were


watching


your


favorite


TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking


you


?(xx·浙江,


12)



7


.—


Could I use this dictionary?



—Just go ’s a spare



.(xx·江西,


21)



8


.—


When shall I call



in the morning or afternoon?





.I’ll be in all day.(xx·江西,


32)



9



Recycling


is


one


way


to


protect


the


environment



reusing


is


.(xx·重庆,


31)



10


.It’s an either


?


or situation



we can buy a new car this year or we can go


on holiday but we can’t do



.(xx·新课标全国Ⅱ,


14)



实用文档



考点二



冠词



1



I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by


gunman wearing a mask.(xx·重庆,


3)



2


.Jane’s


grandmother


had


wanted


to


write



children’s


book


for


many years



but one thing or another always got in


way.(xx·浙江,


2)



3



Brian


is


gifted


in


writing


music



he


is


very


likely


t


Beethoven.(xx ·四川,


5)



4



more


learned


a


man


is



more


modest he usually bees.(xx·陕西,


14)



5



Life


is


like



























ocean



Only


strong


?


willed can reach th


e other shore.(xx·天津,


8)



6


.I can’t tell you



way to the Wilsons’ because we


don’t have



Wilson here in the village.(xx·重庆,


6)



7




























village


where


I


was


born


has


grown


into


town.(xx·陕西,


19)



8



Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean


on his way to Java in


thirteenth century.(xx·陕西,


19)



实用文档



9



People


develop



























preference


for


particular style of learning at early age and these


preferences affect learning.(xx·浙江,


15)



10



The parents were shocked by news that their son


needed


operation on his knee.(xx·重庆,


32)



考点三



介词



1



These


ments


came in


response specific


questions


often asked


by local newsmen.(xx·浙江,


17)



2



Many


of


the


things


we


now


benefit


from


would


not


be


around


but Thomas


Edison.(xx·江苏,


34)



3



This


meeting


room


is


a


non


?


smoking


area.I


would


like


to


warn


you


advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.(xx·湖北,


30)



4



They


believe


that


there


are


transport


developments the


corner


that will bring a lot of changes for the better.(xx·安徽,


33)



5



Last year was the warmest year on record


,with global temperature 0.68℃



the average.(xx·重庆,


10)



6



Have


you


ever


heard


of


the


trees


that


are


homes


animals both on land and sea


?(xx·浙江,


3)



7



Most


people


work


bec


ause


it’s


unavoidable.



实用文档



contrast


,there are some people who actually enjoy work.(xx·浙江,


10)



8



I


got


a


place


next the


window



so


I


had


a


good


view


of the sidewalk.(xx·新课标全国Ⅱ)



9


.Don’t laugh



me.I may look funny.(xx·辽宁


)



10



Four Chinese models were the 14 people awarded


prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel petition.(xx·上海,


25)



名词性从句




考点


1


主语从句



典例


we


understand


things


has


a


lot


to


do


with


what


we


feel.(xx·北京,


35)



分析



分析句子结构可知“



we


understand


thi ngs”为主语


从句,且从句中主谓宾成分齐全,结合句意可知,主语从句中缺少方式状 语。故填


how




考点


2


宾语从句



典例


As natural architects



the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50


thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the


cycle work on most days.(xx·全


国Ⅱ)



分析



分析句子结构可知,这是一个宾 语从句。根据形容词


thick


及句子结构可知这里

< p>
的意思是“印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度”。故填


how




实用文档



考点


3


表语从句



典例


A ship in harbor is safe


,but that’s not


ships


are built for.(xx·安徽,


25)



分析



isn’t

后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的


for


后缺少宾语,用


what


引导,


what

< br>与


for


连用,表示目的。


wh at


在句中既作连接词又作从句的中


for

的宾语。故填


what




考点


4


同位语从句




典例




Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?



< p>
Yeah



but I have no idea he did it


;that’s one of


his favorite universities.(xx·重庆,


12)



分析



空后从句作

idea


的同位语,表示该想法的具体内容。由句意可知,“我”不知道

< p>
他为什么拒绝耶鲁大学的录取,表示原因,故填


why



方法归纳


< br>若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,


那么空格处一定 填连接词。


若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分,


注意根据成< /p>


分关系确定相应的复合从句,再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接或关系词。

< br>



在空白处填入适当的词


(< /p>


每空


1



)



1



We


must


find


out Karl


is


ing



so


we


can


book


a


room


for him.(


xx·重庆,


8)



实用文档



2



If


you


swim


in


a


river


or


lake



be


sure


to


investigate


is below the water there are rocks or branches hidden in the


water.(xx·浙江,


6)



3



The exhibition tells us we should do something to


stop air pollution.(xx·四川,


8)



4



Reading


her


biography



I


was


lost


in


admiration


for


Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(xx·陕西,


19)



5



You have to know


you’re going if you are to plan


the best way of get


ting there.(xx·湖南,


26)



6


.—


I


wonder Mary


has


kept


her


figure


after


all


these


years.



—By working out every day.(xx·福建,


29)



7



Li Bai



a great Chinese poet



was born is known to


the public


,but some won’t accept it.(xx·江苏,


25)



8



Perhaps



my


mother


had


told


me


was


deeply


rooted


in


my mind.(xx·上海


)



9



the


delayed


flight


will


take


off


depends


much


on


the


weather.(xx·陕西,

15)



10



The


best


moment


for


the


football


star


was he


scored


实用文档



the winning goal.(xx·北京,


30)



11



As John Lennon once said



life is happens to you


while you are busy making other plans.(xx·湖南,


24)



12


.—


What a mess



You are always so lazy!



—I’m


not


to


blame,


mum.I


am


you


have


made


me.(xx·江


苏,


26)



13



Grandma


pointed


to


the


hospital


and


said



“That’s



I was born.”(xx·四川,


2)



14



The


only


way


to


succeed


at


the


highest


level


is


to


have


total


belief


you are better


than anyone else on the sports field.(xx·浙江,


16)



15



Evidence


has


been


found


through


years


of


study


children’s


early


sleeping


problems


are


likely


to


continue


when


they


grow


up.(xx·重庆,


34)



定语从句




考点


1


关系代词引导的定语从句



典例



I’d


skipped


nearby


Gu


ilin



a


dream


place


for


tourists


seeking


the


limestone


mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by


artists in so many Chinese paintings.(xx·全国Ⅰ)



实用文档



分析



由句子结构不难判断这是一个定 语从句。


先行词为指物的


mountain


tops


and


dark


waters


,关系词在从句中作主语。故填


that/which




考点


2


关系副词引导的定语从句



典例


When


harvest


came


around



he


was


already


selling


herbs



vegetables


and


cotton


in the market 24


people from the towns met regularly.(xx·广东


)



分析



根据句子结构可以判断,在这里 应填关系词来引导一个定语从句,修饰表地点的


先行词


the market


。故填


where




考点


3


“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句



[




1]


Some


experts


think


reading


is


the


fundamental


skill


upon


school education depends.(xx·安徽,


28)



分析



depend on/upon


依靠,依赖。本题中介词


upon


被提 到了定语从句引导词之前,


引导词作


upon

< br>的宾语。介词被提前后一般只能用


which



whom


来引导定语从句,此处


先行词为物,故 填


which




[


典例


2] Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk



but


after


some


minutes


they


walked


away


and


sat


near


me


,looking


annoye d.(xx·广



)



分析



此处是一个定语从句,缺少关系代词,因为先行词为


other people


,指的是人,


而且与介词


to


连用,所以填


whom




[




实用文档



3]


He


wrote


many


children’


s


books



nearly


half


of


were published in the 1990s.(xx·重庆,


14)



分析



根据句子结构可知是考查非限制 性定语从句,从句中缺少主语。关系词代指前面


的先行词


chi ldren’s books,指物,故应填


which




考点


4


特殊的定语从句



[


典例


1] We’ll reach the sales targets in a month


we


set at the beginning of the year.(xx·重庆,


9)



分析



考查分隔式定语从句,先行词


the


sales


targets


与定语从句被


in


a


month


隔开,


先行词指物,在定语从句中充当动词


set


的宾语,故 填


which/that




[


典例


2]


After


the


flooding



people


were


suffering


in


that


area



urgently


needed clean water


,medicine and shelter to survive.(xx·江苏,


22)



分析



考查分隔式定语从句。根据定语从句中的


urgently


needed


clean


wate r...


可知,


“需要”的主语应该是


people


,而不是


that


ar ea



flooding


,即先行词为 人,在非限


制性定语从句中充当主语,所以用关系代词


who< /p>


引导。



错误


!



< /p>


在空白处填入适当的词


(


每空

< p>
1



)



1



It is a truly delightful place



looks the same as


it


must


have


done


100


years


ago


with


its


winding


streets


and


pretty


cottages.(xx·湖南,

< p>
29)



实用文档



2



Creating


an


atmosphere in employees


feel


part of


a


team is a big challenge.(xx·浙江,


19)



3



The


number


of


smokers



is


reported



has


dropped


by


17 percent in just one year.(xx·江苏,


21)



4



The


books


on


the


desk



covers


are


shiny



are


prizes


for us.(xx·四川,


3)



5


.Opposite is ’s Church,


you can hear some


lovely music.(xx·北京,


24)



6



The boss of the pany is trying to create an easy atmosphere




his employees enjoy their work.(xx·天津,


15)





7



As the smallest child of his family



Alex is always longing for the time






he should be able to be independ


ent.(xx·陕西 ,


15)



8



I borrowed the book


Sherlock



Holmes


from the library last wee my


classmates remended to me.(xx·北京,


26)



9



Please send us all the information you have about


the candidate for the position.(xx·陕西,


13)



10



The


exact


year Angela


and


her


family


spent


together


in China was xx.(xx·安徽,


22)



11



A


pany profits


from


home


markets


are


declining


may


实用文档


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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