-
将来时的六种表达法
1.
will/ shall do
(will
可用于第一、二、三人称,
shall
只用于第一人称
)
(1)
这种将来意义常常夹杂着情态意义,即带有说话人的主观态度和看法。
You will fail the test if you don’t
work hard.
(2)
有时
既表示将来,也含有
“
意愿
”
或
“
意图
”
。
e.g. I will meet you at 6
o’clock.
(3)
在疑问句中
will/ shall
还
可用来征询听话人的
“
意图
”
。
e.g. Will you be at home at
seven this evening?
e.g. --- Will you marry me?
--- Yes, I will.
特别提示
:1).will
可表示根据当时的情况,临时所做的打算。
e.g.-----Mr. Wang is ill in hospital.
----
Oh, I’ll go
and see him.
e.g.-----Did
you tell Julia about the result?----- Oh,no,I
forget.I_____ her now
be
calling
B. will call
C. call
D. am to call
2.
)
表单纯将来的
will
通常不用于时
间,条件,让步状语从句,而是用一般现在时代替。
If
引导
的条件状语从
句中使用
will
不表将
来,而表意愿。
e.g.
I’ll tell him the
truth if I see him tomorrow.
e.g.1.
If you will listen to
me, I’ll tell you the truth.
2. If you __
for another ten minutes,Mr Brown will be here.
wait
going to wait
about to wait waiting
3) won’t
可表示拒绝做某事,用于物时,好像无生命
的物体有了意志力。
The door won’t
shut.
The car
won’t start
.
(这辆车开
不动。
)
going to do
(1)
表示
“
意图
”
,即打算在将来做某事。<
/p>
e.g.
I’m going to play
basketball after school.
They are going
to marry next month.
I’m going to be
a doctor.
(2)
表示<
/p>
“
预见
”
,即现
在已有迹象表明要发生某种情况。
e.g. The sky is so dark. It’s going to
rain.
△
will/
shall do
和
be going to do
(1)
两者都可表示
“
意图
”
,有时两者可以互换使用。
< br>
e.g.
I won’t tell him
about it. = I’m not going to tell him about
it.
(2)
表示
“
意图
”
时,
be going to do
表示的
“
意图
”
通常是事先经过考虑的,
而
will/ shall do
所表示的
“
意图
”
< br>则是
说话时临时想到的,因此在某些特定的语境中,两者不可互换使用。
e.g. ---
I’m going
to
play basketball after school.
--- Really? I will go with
you.
doing
现在进行时的基本用法:
a.
表示现
在
(
指说话人说话时
)
正在发生的
事情。
We are waiting for you.
我们正在等你。
b.
表示现阶段暂时的情况,说话时动作未
必正在进行。
What are you doing
recently?
Mr. Green is writing another
novel.
他在写另一部小说。
(
说话时并未在写
,
只处于写作的状态。
)
c.
表示发展中的或正在改变的情况,如:
get, grow, become, turn, run, go,
begin
等。
The leaves are turning red.
叶子在变红。
It
’s
getting warmer and warmer.
天越来越热了。
d.
与
always,
constantly, forever
等词连
用,
表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,
往
往带有说话人的主观
色彩(赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪)
。
You are always changing your mind.
你老是改变主意。
△
这一结
构的主要意义是表示按计划、
安排即将发生的动作,
常用于表示
位置转移的动词,
如:
go, come, leave,
start,
arrive
等,也可用于其它动态动词
1) come,
go, stay, arrive, leave
等词的现在进行时经常用于表示将
来确
切的计划。
2)
表示交通方式、行程安排的动词,例如
fly, walk, ride, drive, take (a bus, a
taxi)
等的现在进行时也经常用于
表示将来。
注意
:
英语中一些表
“
状态和感官
”
的动词
通常不用于进行时:
用法和单词
表存在或位置
:
be, lie,
stand
表所属
:
have, own, possess, belong to,
fit, suit
例句
Japan lies to
the east of China.
Taiwan belongs to
China.
Who owns this land?
表知觉
: see, hear,
smell, taste, sound, look,
I smell the
dinner cooking.
feel, seem, appear
He seems quite happy.
表认识、信仰、意见、怀疑、猜测、希望
:
He doubts whether you will find your
lost
know,
think,
understand,
doubt,
suppose,
pen again.
hope, wish
表喜欢、
反对
、
仇恨、
厌恶
: love,
like, prefer,
We love our motherland
deeply.
mind, hate, want, dislike, envy
They envy her good fortune.
e.g. The plane is taking off at 5:30.
How
are you going there ------ by air or by train?
△
be going to
do
和
be doing
(1)
be going to do
和
be doing
都可表示决定要做某事,两者在某些语境中可以互换使用。
e.g. We are having fish for supper. =
We are going to have fish for supper.
We are leaving
soon. = We are going to leave soon.
I’m taking my stude
nts to
the park on next Sunday.
= I’m going to
take my studen
ts to the park on next
Sunday.
(2)
如果动词为
come
或
go
,在表示将来时,常用
be doing
结构。
e.g. We’re going to Shanghai next week.
(to
是介词
)
4. be to
do(
常用于通知,规定,正式的命令或指示
)
(1)
表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常见于报纸和广播
,用以宣布官方的计划或决定。
e.g. The
Queen is to visit Vietnam next month.
(2)
表示命令、
禁止
(否定式)
,
吩咐,
约定<
/p>
,
必然等。
e.g. Since
you’ve done something w
rong, you are to
stand here.
If
you
are
late,
you
are
to
stand
outside
the
door.
Tell
her
that
she
is
not
to
be
back
late.
These pills are not to be
taken with any other form of medicine.
特别提示
:
此结构常用于
if
从句中,表示只有主句的行为发生后,
if
条件句中的情况才能成为可能。
If
a man is to succeed
, he
must work very hard.
If British tennis
is to reach world standard again, both more money
and more commitment will be necessary.
△
be
doing
和
be to do
都可以
表示按计划、安排将要发生的事态,两者常常可互换,但
be to
do
较常用于正式
语体。
about to do
刚要做某事,正要做某事。表示非
常近的将来,不与表将来的时间副词连用。
e.g. He is about to
leave.
注意:不可以说
He is about to
leave
tomorrow
.
△
be about to d
o…
when…
:正要做
……
,这时
……e.g. He was about to start when it
rained.
I was about to lock the
door when the telephone rang.
6.
一般现在时
(1)
用一般现在时表将来时间,常见于条件状语从句和时间
状语从句中。
e.g. I’ll tell her about it if
she comes.
I’ll gi
ve it to
you after I return.
I’ll
call you as soon as I
arrive.
(2)
在主句中用一般现在时表示将来时间
通常指按照时间表或既定日程一定会发生的将来事态
,
常出现在
时间
表,日程表,或节目单中,
go, come,
leave, start, stay, return, begin, take off
等。
The train leaves at 8
o’clock.
e.g. Tomorrow is
Sunday.
She retires next year.
When do you take your next exam?
△
一般现在时表将来时间所暗示的计
划比较客观,因而更具有不可变易性,而且一般现在时表将来时间在口
气上也比较正式<
/p>
练习:
1. Ladies and
gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The
plane_____.
A.
takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken
off
D. took off
2.
—
Are you still busy?
—Yes, I______
my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish
B.
am just finishing
C. have just finished
D. am just
going to finish
3.
-
What would you do if it
_____ tomorrow?
-
We
have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything
ready.
A. rain
B. rains
C. will rain
D. is raining