-
博士研究生入学英语考试试卷
(2002. 5.13)
Part
I Vocabulary and Structure
(20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete
sentences in this part. For each sentence there
are four
choices marked A), B), C), and
D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the
sentence. Then write down the answer on
the Answer Sheet.
1.
While typing, Helen has a habit of
stopping B to give her long and flowing hair a
Smooth.
A.
simultaneously B. occasionally C.
eventually D. promptly
2.
Most electronic devices of this kind, C
manufactured for this purpose, are tightly
Packed.
A.
which is B. what are C. as are D. they
are
3.1 found the missing letter C on
die top shelf.
A.
lying B. lain C. laying D. resting
4.
He failed to
carry out some of the provisions of the contract,
and now he has to D the
consequences.
A.
run into B.
abide by
C.
step into D.
answer for
5.
It's usually the case that people
seldom behave in a B way when in a furious state.
A.
credible B.
rational C. legal D. stable
6.
“May I take
the instrument out of the laboratory?”
A.
may not B. can
not
C. might not D. must not
7.
All the off-
shore sailors were in high spirits as they read C
letters from their
families.
A.
intimate B.
affectionate C. sentimental D. sensitive
A.
—
D_on the table.
B.
There are
three strong cup of coffee
C.
Three strong
cups of coffee are there
D.
There are three cups of strong coffee
E.
There are
strong three cups of coffee
8.
Every chemical
change either results from energy being used to
produce the change, or
causes energy to
be A in some form.
A. given off B. set
off C. used up D. put out
9.
A A of the long report by
由
e budget committee was
submitted to the mayor for
approval.
A. scheme B. shorthand
C.
schedule D. sketch
10.
The business of each day,A selling
goods or shipping them, went quite
smoothly.
A. it being B. was
it C. be it D. it was
11.
A the English examination I would have
gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. But
for B. In spite of C. As for D. Because of
12.
Today,
housework has been made easier by electrical B.
A. instruments B. appliances C.
facilities D. equipment
13.
Don't C the news to the public until we
give you the go-ahead.
A.
retain B. discard C. relieve D. release
14.
Accustomed to climbing trees,B. Ht
A.
it was not
difficult to reach the top
B.
the top was
not difficult to reach
C.
I had no difficult reaching the top
D.
To reach the
top was not difficult
16.
A his knowledge of the mountainous
country, John Smith was appointed as guide.
A.
On account of
B. In spite of C. Regardless of D. Instead of
17.
When I took
his temperature, it was two degrees above D.
A. ordinary B. average C. regular D.
normal
18.
With
sufficient scientific information a manned trip to
Mars should be C.
A. potential B.
considerable C. feasible D. obtainable
19.
Why did you
pay so much money for that small apartment? You A
better.
A. should have known
B. may have known
C. will
have known
D. must have known
20.1 was suspicious of his sincerity
and remained D by his many arguments.
A. unconfirmed
B.
reassured
C.
unconvinced D.
unconcerned
21.
“When again?” “When he —B, I'll let you
know.”
A. he comes; comes
B. will he come; comes
C. he
comes; will come
D. will he come; will
come
22.
Because
of the strong sun Mrs. William's new dining room
curtains A from dark blue to
gray
within a year.
A. faded B. fainted C.
paled D. diminished
23.
Our attitude toward our teachers should
be D, but not slavish or superstitious.
A. respected B. respectable C.
respective D. respectful
24.
There was to prevent the accident.
A. something that could do
B. anything we could do
C.
nothing we could do
D. nothing could be
done
25.
With all
kinds of fabric samples, the designer could not
make up her mind B.
A. to select which
one
B. which one to select
C. which to be selected
D.
about selecting which
26.
Your help is A for the success of the
project.
A. indispensable B. inevitable
C. inherent D. indicative
27.
Lawyers often
make higher C for their work than they should.
A. costs B. prices C. charges D. bills
28.
Dress
warmly,D youUl catch cold.
A. on the
contrary B. or rather C. in no way D. or else
29.
The policeman
stopped him when he was driving home and _B him of
speeding.
A. blamed B. accused C.
deprived D. charged
30.
We were rather upset by his _C to
support our proposal.
A. rejecting B.
refusing C. denying D. resisting
Part
II Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Directions: There are four passages in
this part. Each passage is followed by some
questions
or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B),
C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and write down your answer on
the Answer
Sheet.
Passage One
What does a scientist do when he or she
comes in two forms: generalization and
reduction. Most psychologists deal with
generalization.
They explain particular
instances of behavior as example of general laws.
For instance, most
psychologists
would
explain
a
pathologically
strong
fear
of
dogs
as
an
example
of
classical
conditioning.
Presumably,
the
person
was
frightened
earlier
in
life
by
a
dog.
An
unpleasant
stimulus was
paired with the sight of the animaL Perhaps the
person was knocked down by an
exuberant
dog , and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the
earlier response
一
fear.
Most
physiologists
deal
with
reduction.
Phenomena
are
explained
in
terms
of
simple
phenomena. For example, the movement of
a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the
membranes
of
muscle
cells,
entry
of
particular
chemicals,
and
interactions
between
protein
molecules within these cells. A
molecular biologist would
“explain
forces that bind various
molecules together and cause various parts of
these molecules to be
attracted to one
another.
The
t
ask
of
physiological
psychology
is
to
“explain
behavior
in
physiological
terms.
Like
other
scientists,
physiological
psychologists
believe
that
all
natural
phenomena
一
includi
ng human behavior
—
are
subject to the laws of physics. Thus, the laws of
behavior can
be reduced to descriptions
of physiological processes.
How
does
one
study
the
physiology
of
behavior?
Physiologists
cannot
simply
be
reductionist.
It
is
not
enough
to
observe
behaviors
and
correlate
them
with
physiological
events that occur at the same time,
Identical behaviors, under different conditions,
may occur
for different reasons, and
thus be initiated by different physiological
mechanisms: This means
that
we
must
understand
“psychologically
why
a
particular
behavior
occurs
before
we
can
understand what physiological events
made it occur.
3 L What does the
passage mainly discuss?
A.
The difference between
“scientific
B.
The difference between human and animal
behavior.
C.
What
fear would be explained by the psychologist,
physiologist, and molecular
biologist.
D.
How scientists
differ in their approaches to explaining natural
phenomena.
32.
In
the first paragraph, the word
A.
barter B. are
playing C. bargain D. are concerned
33.
Which of the
following is most clearly analogous to the example
in the passage of the
person who fears
dogs?
A.
A child
chokes on a fish-bone and as an adolescent is
reluctant to eat fish.
B.
A person feels lonely and after a while
buys a dog for companionship.
C.
A child
studies science in school and later grows up to
become a teacher.
D.
A person hears that a snowstorm is
predicted and that evening is afraid to drive
home.
34.
According to the passage, which of the
following is important in explaining a muscle
movement?
A.
Classical conditioning.
B.
The flow of blood to the muscle.
C.
Protein
interactions.
D.
The entry of unpleasant stimuli through
the cell membrane.
35.
The author
implies that which of the following is the type of
scientific explanation most
likely used
by a molecular biologist?
A.
Generalization
B.
Experimentation
C. Interaction
D. Reduction
Passage
Two
You stare at waterfall
for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its
surroundings. What
you now see appears
to drift upward, You are aboard a train in a busy
station when suddenly
another train
next to your starts moving forward. For a fraction
of a second you feel that your
train
has lurched backward.
These
optical
illusions
occur
because
the
brain
is
constantly
matching
its
model
of
reality to signals from the body's
sensors and interpreting what must be
happening
—
that your
train must have moved, not the other;
that downward motions is now normal, so a change
from
it must be perceived as upward
motion.
The sensors that make this
magic are of two kinds. Each eye contains about
120 million
rods, which provide
somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are
the windows of night
vision; once
adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle
burning ten miles away.
Color vision in
each eye comes from six to seven million
structures called cones. Under
ideal
conditions, every cone can
type of cone
is most sensitive to red, another to green, a
third to blue. By monitoring how any
wavelength
of
light
affects
the
different
cones,
a
connected
ganglion
cell
can
determine
its
“color
Rods and
cones send their massages pulsing an average 20 to
25 times per second along
the optic
nerve. We see an image for a fraction of a second
longer than it actually appears. In
movies, reels of still photographs are
projected onto screens at 24 frames per second,
tricking
our eyes into seeing a
continuous moving picture.
Like
apparent
motion, color
vision is also subject
to
unusual
affects.
When day gives
way to night,
twilight brings what the poet T.S. Eliot called
fall,
the
rods
become
active,
and
the
cones
become
progressively
less
responsive.
Rods
are
most
sensitive
to
the
shorter
wave-lengths
of
blue
and
green,
and
they
impart
a
strange
vividness to the garden's blue flowers.
However, look at a white shirt during
the reddish light of sunset, and you'll still see
it in its
“true
color—
white,
not
red.
Our
eyes
are
constantly
comparing
an
object
against
its
surroundings. They
therefore observe the effect of a shift in the
color of illumination on both,
and
adjust accordingly.
The eyes can
distinguish several million graduations of light
and shades of color. Each waking
second
they flash tens of millions of pieces of
information
to the brain, which weaves
them
incessantly into a picture of the
world around us.
Yet all this is done
at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors,
called the retina, about as
wide
and
as
thick
as
a
postage
stamp.
As
the
Renaissance
inventor
and
artist
Leonardo
da
Vinci
wrote in wonder,
all the
universe?
36.
Visual illusions often happen when the
image of reality is.
A.
signaled by about 120 million rods in
the eye
B.
interpreted in the brain as what must
be the case
C.
confused in
the body's sensors of both rods and cones
D.
matched to six
to seven million structures called cones
37.
The visual
sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades of
color is called.
A. cones B. color
vision C. rods D. spectrum
38.
At night rods
can be so active as to be able to see clearly.
A. red B. blue C. white D. violet
39.
The retina
sends pulse to the brain.
A. in short
wavelengths
B. by a ganglion cell
C. as color picture
D. along
the optic nerve
40.
Twenty-four still photographs are made
into a continuous moving picture just because
A.
the image we
see usually stays longer than it actually appears
B.
the eyes catch
million pieces of information continuously
C.
rods and cones
send message 20 to 25 times a second
D.
we see object
in comparison with its surroundings
41.
The author's
purpose in writing the passage is to?
A.
regret that we
are too slow in the study of eyes
B.
marvel at the
great work done by the retina
C.
inform us
about the different functions of the eye organs
D.
show that we
sometimes are deceived by our own eyes
Passage Three
An
invisible
border
divides
those
arguing
of
computers
in
the
classroom
on
the
behalf
of
students'
career
prospects
and
those
arguing
for
computers
in
the
classroom
for
broader
reasons
of
radical
educational
reform.
Very
few
writers
on
the
subject
have
explored
this
distinction
—
indeed,
contradiction
—
which
goes
to
the
heart
of
what
is
wrong
with
the
campaign to put computers in the
classroom.
An
education
that
aims
at
getting
a
student
a
certain
kind
of
job
is
a
technical
education,
justified for
reasons radically different from why education is
universally required by law. It is
not
simply
to
raise
everyone's
job
prospects
that
all
children
are
legally
required
to
attend
school
into
their
teens.
Rather,
we
have
a
certain
conception
of
the
American
citizen,
a
character who is
incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his
livelihood and happiness
are
affected
by
things
outside
of
himself.
But
this
was
not
always
the
case;
before
it
was
legally
required for all children to attend school until a
certain age, it was widely accepted that
some
were
just
not
equipped
by
nature
to
pursue
this
kind
of
education.
With
optimism
characteristic
of
all
industrialized
countries,
we
came
to
accept
that
everyone
is
fit
to
be
educated.
Computer-education
advocates
forsake
this
optimistic
notion
for
a
pessimism
that
betrays
their
otherwise
cheery
outlook.
Banking
on
the
confusion
between
educational
and
vocational
reasons
for
bringing
computers
into
schools,
computer-ed
advocates
often
emphasize the job prospects of
graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a
technical education given the right kind of
student. Many
European schools
introduce the concept of professional training
early on in order to make sure
children
are
properly
equipped
for
the
professions
they
want
to
join.
It
is,
however,
presumptuous
to
insist
that
there
will
only
be
so
many
scientists,
so
many
businessmen,
so
many
accountants.
Besides,
this
is
unlikely
to
produce
the
needed
number
of
every
kind
of
professional in
a country as large as ours and where the economy
is spread over so many states
and
involves so many international corporations.
But, for a
small group of
students, professional training might be the way
to
go since well-
developed
skills, all other factors being equal, can be the
difference between having a job and
not. Of course, the basics of using any
computer these days are very simple. It does not
take a
lifelong
acquaintance
to
pick
up
various
software
programs.
If
one
wanted
to
become
a
computer engineer, that
is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic
computer skills take
一
at
the
very
longest
一
a
couple
of
months
to
learn.
In
any
case,
basic
skills
are
only
complementary
to
the
host
of
real
skills
that
are
necessary
to
becoming
any
kind
of
professional. Tt should
be observed, of course, that no school, vocational
or not, is helped by a
confusion over
its purpose.
42.
The author thinks the present rush to
put computers in the classroom is.
A.
self contradictory
B. dubiously
oriented
C. far reaching
D.
radically reformatory
43.
The belief that education is
indispensable to all children.
A.
is indicative
of a pessimism in disguise
B.
is deeply
rooted in the minds of computer-ed advocates
C.
came into
being along with the arrival of computers
D.
originated
from the optimistic attitude of industrialized
countries
44.
It
could be inferred from the passage that in the
author's country the European model of
professional training is.
A.
of little
practical value
B.
worth trying in various social sections
C.
dependent upon
the starting age of candidates
D.
attractive to
every kind of professional
45.
According to
the author, basic computer skills should be.
A.
highlighted in
acquisition of professional qualifications
B.
mastered
through a life-long course
C.
equally
emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise
D.
included as an
auxiliary course in school
Passage
Four
The would-be sleeper
who re-fights his daily battles in bed or
rehearses tomorrow's
problems
一
finds
it
hard
to
fall
asleep.
Then
he
starts
worrying
about
his
inability
to
sleep,
which
increases his insomniac, which
increases his worries, which in a new development
that may
help
the
insomniac
to
break
this
vicious
cycle,
Dr.
Werner
P.
Koella
of
the
Worcester
Foundation for
Experimental Biology has discovered a chemical in
the brain that may control
normal
sleep.
The substance, known as
serotonin, is one of a number of so-called
neurohormone in the brain
that
researchers suspect play an important part in
controlling the mind and the emotions. Such
chemicals, researchers have learned,
assist in transmitting nerve impulses from one
nerve cell
to
another.
Serotonin,
Koelia
notes,
is
produced
in
particularly
high
concentrations
in
the
hypothalamus,
t
he ??primitive
the
top
of
the
spinal
cord
and
is
known
to
contain
the
centers
controlling
the
level
of
consciousness.
Conceivably,
Koella reasoned,
serotonin was the
transmitter substance
in
the
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：七大高频结构
下一篇：大学英语四六级选词填空练习