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英语中的主谓一致
[
知识精讲
]
主谓一致是指：
一、
语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
?
I often help
him and he often helps me.
?
We often help
each other and learn from each other.
二、
意义上要一致，即主语意义上的
单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
1
）主语形式虽然为单数，意义为复数的，谓语动词用复数。
有些集体名词可为单数也可
为
复数，主要依据意思而定：如果指整体用单数，如果指这个集体中的个体时则用复数。
?
His
family
is
not very large.
（他的
“
家
”
是指整体）
?
His family
are
all music lovers.
（他的
“
家人
”
是指家里的个体）
注意
:
集体名词中有一类只当复数看
待的词
,
或者我们只把它们看作复数的词
,
那么它们的谓
语只能用复数
,
象
:cattle,folk,people,police,yo
uth
等等
,
这里要提一下的是
people
这个词
,
如果它
所表示的是民族的话
,
那么它
的谓语就用单数
.
2
）
主语形
式为复数，而意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的词有：
news,works
，
trousers,pants,shorts,glass
es,scissors
和一些以
s
结
尾的书名、组织机构的名称以及以
ics
结尾的学科名称等。<
/p>
?
Physics is a difficult
subjiect.
?
Her glasses are new.
但是当这类词前有
a pair of
修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
?
This pair of
pants is fit for me.
三、
就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
1
、
并列结构作主语时。
1
）
由
and
并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词
用单数，否则用复数
?
The iron and
steel industry
is
very important.
?
The teacher and poet
often
gives
lectures around the
city.
2
）当
each...and
each...;every...and every...;no...and no...;many
a.. and many a...
结构作主语时，
谓语动词
用单数形式。
?
Ｎ
o man and no animal is to
be found on the moon.
?
Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy
with their work.
3
）
由
not only…but also…; neither…nor…; eithe
r…or…
并列两个主语时，谓语动词和就近的
保持一致
?
Not
only the students but also the teacher
wants
to see the film.
?
Neither his
parents nor I
am
able to
persuade him to change his mind.
4)
如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由
with,
together with, as well as, like, but, except
等引
起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数
(
与第一个主语保持一致
)
?
An iron and
steel works, with some satellite factories,
is
to be built here.
?
A scientist,
together with some assistants,
was
sent to the flooded area
to help in the work.
2
、分数、百分数作主语时
分数，百分数
+ of +
名词做主语时，主要看名词是单数还是复数；是可数还是不可数
?
More than 70%
of the earth
is
covered with
water.
?
60% of
the students
have
arrived.
但，
population
单独做主语，为单数
?
What
is
the population of the
city?
注意
:
如果分数用
one in five,two in five
之类的
,
那么则看
in
前面的数词
,
是
one
时
,
谓语动
词用单数
(
无论后面的主语是单数还是复数
),
如果是大于
one
< br>的数词
,
则由后面的名词的单、
复数来确定谓语的形式。
?
One in five students is in the
classroom.
?
Two
in five students are on the playground.
?
Three in five
water is salty.
3
、不定代词作主语时
1
）
each
和由
some, any, no,
every
构成的复合代词都看作单数
?
Each of us
has
something to say about
the subject.
（
注意
:
如果是
we each
就用复数）
?
Just a minute,
someone
is
talking with
manager.
2
）
none<
/p>
指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为
单复皆可
，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想
到的是单数还是复数
?
None of the
books
are
easy for us.
?
None
cares
now.
3
）
what, which, who, some, more, most, all
（指人时谓语动词用复数，指物时谓语动词用单
数）等代词是单
数或是复数要依据意思来定
?
Which
is / are
your room / rooms?
?
What we need
is
more practice.
4
）
either,
neither
作主语通常看作单数
?
Neither of us
has
passed the examination.
?
Either of them
has
known it.
5
）
both (a)few,ma
ny,several
作主语时，谓语动词通常用作复数形式。
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