-增长率
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Unit 1
Something for stevie
I try
not to be biased, but I had my doubts about hiring
Stevie. His placement
counselor assured
me that he would be a good, reliable busboy. But I
had never
had a mentally handicapped
employee and wasn
’
t sure I
wanted one. I wasn
’
t
sure how my customers would react.
Stevie was short, a little dumpy, with the
smooth facial features and thick-
tongued speech of Down
’
s
syndrome.
I
wasn
’
t worried about most of
my trucker customers. Truckers
don
’
t generally
care who buses tables as long as the
food is good and the pies are homemade.
The ones who concerned me were the
mouthy college kids traveling to school;
the yuppie snobs who secretly polish
their silverware with their napkins for fear of
catching some dreaded
“
truck-stop
germ;
”
and the
pairs of white-shirted
businessmen on
expense accounts who think every truck-stop
waitress wants to
be flirted with. I
knew those people would be uncomfortable around
Stevie, so I
closely watched him for
the first few weeks.
I
shouldn
’
t have worried.
After the first week, Stevie had my staff wrapped
around his little finger. Within a
month my trucker regulars had adopted him as
their official truck-stop mascot. After
that I really didn
’
t care
what the rest of the
customers thought.
He
was a 21-year-old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager
to laugh and eager to
please, but
fierce in his attention to his duties. Every salt
and pepper shaker was
exactly in its
place, not a bread crumb or coffee spill was
visible when Stevie got
done with the
table.
Our only problem was
convincing him to wait to clean a table until
after the
customers were finished. He
would hover in the background, shifting his weight
from one foot to the other, scanning
the dining room until a table was empty.
Then he would hurry to the empty table
and carefully bus the dishes and glasses
onto the cart and meticulously wipe the
table with a practiced flourish of his rag. If
he thought a customer was watching, his
brows would pucker with added
concentration. He took pride in doing
his job exactly right, and you had to love
how hard he tried to please each and
every person he met.
Over
time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a
widow who was
disabled after repeated
surgeries for cancer. They lived on their Social
Security
benefits in public housing two
miles from the truck-stop. Their social worker,
who
stopped to check on him every so
often, admitted they had fallen between the
cracks. Money was tight, and what I
paid him was probably the difference
between them being able to live
together and Stevie being sent to a group
home.
That
’
s why the
restaurant was a gloomy place that morning last
August, the
first morning in three
years that Stevie missed work. He was at the Mayo
Clinic in
Rochester getting a new valve
or something put in his heart. His social worker
said
that people with
Down
’
s syndrome often have
heart problems at an early age, so
参考
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资料
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this
wasn
’
t unexpected. There was
a good chance he would come through the
surgery in good shape and be back at
work in a few months.
A
ripple of excitement ran through the staff later
that morning when word
came that he was
out of surgery, in recovery and doing fine.
Frannie, my head
waitress, let out a
war whoop and did a little dance in the aisle when
she heard
the good news. Belle Ringer,
one of our regular trucker customers, stared at
the
sight of this 50-year-old
grandmother of four doing a victory shimmy beside
his
table. Frannie blushed, smoothed
her apron and shot Belle Ringer a withering look.
9
He
grinned.
“
OK, Frannie, what
was that all about?
”
he asked.
10
“
We
just got word that Stevie is out of surgery and
going to be okay.
”
she
responded.
“
I was wondering where he
was,
”
said Belle.
“
I had a new joke to tell
him.
What was the surgery
about?
”
12
Frannie
quickly told him and the other two drivers sitting
at his booth about
Stevie
’
s surgery,
then sighed.
“
Yeah,
I
’
m glad he is going to be
okay,
”
she said,
“
but I
don
’
t know how he and his
mom are going to handle all the bills. From
what I hear,
they
’
re barely getting by
as it
is.
”
Belle Ringer
nodded thoughtfully, and Frannie hurried off to
wait on the
rest of her tables.
After the morning rush, Frannie walked
into my office. She had a couple of
paper napkins in her hand and a funny
look on her face.
“
What
’
s up?
”
I asked.
“
That
table where Belle Ringer and his friends were
sitting,
”
she
said,
“
this was
folded and tucked under a coffee
cup.
”
She handed
the napkin to me, and
three $$20 bills
fell onto my desk when I opened it. On the
outside, in big, bold
letters, was
printed
“
Something For
Stevie.
”
“
Pony Pete also asked me
what that dance was all
about,
”
she said,
“
so I
told him
about Stevie and his mom and everything, and Pete
looked at Tony and
Tony looked at Pete,
and they ended up giving me
this.
”
She handed
me another
paper napkin that had
“
Something For
Stevie
”
scrawled
on its outside. Two $$50
bills were
tucked within its folds. Frannie looked at me with
wet, shiny eyes, shook
her head and
said simply,
“
Truckers.
”
15
That was three months ago. Today is
Thanksgiving, the first day Stevie is
supposed to be back to work. His
placement worker said he
’
s
been counting the
days until the doctor
said he could work, and it
didn
’
t matter at all that it
was a
holiday. He called 10 times in
the past week, making sure we knew he was coming,
fearful that we had forgotten him or
that his job was in jeopardy. I arranged to
have his mother bring him to work. We
met them in the parking lot and invited
them both to celebrate his day back.
Stevie was thinner and
paler, but couldn
’
t stop
grinning as he pushed through
the doors
and headed for the back room where his apron and
busing cart were
waiting.
“
Hold up there, Stevie, not
so fast,
”
I said.
I took him and his mother by
their
arms.
“
Work can wait for a
minute. To celebrate you coming back, breakfast
for you two is on
me.
”
I led them
toward a large corner booth at the rear of the
room. I could feel and hear the rest of
the staff following behind as we marched
参考
.
资料
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through the dining room.
Glancing over my shoulder, I saw booth after booth
of
grinning truckers empty and join the
procession.
We stopped in front of the
big table, its surface covered with a mess of
coffee
cups, saucers and dinner plates,
all sitting crooked on dozens of folded paper
napkins.
“
First
thing you have to do, Stevie, is to clean up this
mess,
”
I said,
trying
to sound stern. Stevie looked at
me, and then at his mother, then pulled out one of
the napkins. It had
“
Something for
Stevie
”
written
on the outside. As he picked it
up, two
$$10 bills fell onto the table. Stevie stared at
the money, then at dozens of
napkins
peeking from beneath the tableware, each with his
name printed or
scrawled on it.
I turned to his mother.
“
There
’
s
over $$10,000 in cash and checks on that table,
all from truckers and trucking
companies that heard about your problems. Happy
Thanksgiving!
”
Well, it got real noisy about that
time, with everybody shouting,
and
there were a few tears, too. But you know
what
’
s funny? While
everybody
else was busy shaking hands
and hugging each other, Stevie, with a big, big
smile
on his face, was busy clearing
all the cups and dishes from the table
—
the best
worker I ever hired.
送给史蒂维的一点心意
1
我力求不存偏见，不过在雇用史蒂
维时我有理由心存疑虑。他的就业顾问向我保证，
说他会成为出色、
可靠的餐馆杂工。
我从未雇过智障的员工，
是否要招收一位
，
我举棋不定。
我的顾客会有什么反应，
我没有把握。史蒂维是个矮个儿，胖墩墩的，
如其他唐氏综合症患
者一样，面部光滑，口齿不清。
2
对大多数来就餐的卡车司机们，我
还是很放心的。只要食物好，馅饼地道，他们基本
不在
乎谁收碗碟。
真正让我担心的是那些高谈阔论的大学走读生，
那些因惧怕”
路边餐馆的细菌”
而用餐巾悄悄擦
拭银餐具的雅皮士势利眼儿们，
还有那些穿白色衬衫、
使用公款
消费、
认为
餐馆里每个女服务员都渴望调情的商务人员。
我知道，
史蒂维在这里工作，
他们会感到别扭
，
所以开头几个星期我密切地关注着他。
3
我的
担心是多余的。第一周过后，史蒂维就抓住了我每位员工的心。不足一个月，我
的老顾客
?
那些卡车司机们
?
就正式认定史蒂维为卡车司机休息
站的吉祥人物。自此以
后，我不再介意其他顾客的看法了。
4
史蒂
维
21
岁，蓝色牛仔裤，耐克运动鞋，满面笑容，讨人喜爱，极
端地敬业。他收拾
好一张餐桌后，盐瓶和胡椒瓶归于原位，丝毫不差，桌面不见一点面包
屑、一滴咖啡液。
5
我们唯一的问题是得说服他等待客人用餐完毕再去收拾桌子。
他总是在不起眼的地方
守候，
左右脚替换着支撑体重，
眼睛巡视整个餐厅。一看见哪张餐桌边的客人都离去，
他立
即赶过去，仔细地把碗碟收拾到餐车上，拿起抹布细密地擦桌子，动作娴熟、夸张。若他觉
得有顾客正在看他，他就会眉头紧锁，更加专注。工作一丝不苟，这是他自豪的源泉。他取
悦面前的每一个人，那煞费苦心的劲头真是惹人喜爱。
6
后来
，我们得知史蒂维和母亲一起生活。他母亲是个寡妇，因患癌症多次经历手术而
落下残疾
。
母子俩靠社会保险金生活，
住在离餐馆两英里以外的廉租房里
。
社工人员偶尔登
门看望，
说他们母子
生活着实艰辛贫困。
他们手头拮据，
我所付的工资仅能保证母子
俩相依
为命，史蒂维才不至于沦落到被”集体之家”（为残障人士提供护理的机构）收容
。
7
到了去年八月的一个早上，就是三年里史蒂维没能来上班的第一个早上，整个餐馆气
参考
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氛忧伤。
他在罗切斯特的梅奥诊
所接受一个心脏手术，
大概要置入新的心脏膜瓣。
社工人员
说，有唐氏综合症的人常会在年轻时犯心脏病，所以史蒂维做手术不足为奇；几个月后，他<
/p>
有望从手术中恢复健康，重返工作岗位。
8
有一
天接近中午时，有消息传来，说史蒂维手术结束，正在恢复，状况良好。员工当
中激动的
情绪如涟漪荡漾。领班弗兰妮听到消息，
一声欢呼，
旋即在过道
上跳了一阵舞。经
常光顾我们餐馆的一位卡车司机贝尔·
林格，
此时诧异地看着年届五十、
已有四个孙儿的弗
< br>兰妮在他桌边晃动身体，
跳起祝贺胜利的希米舞。
弗兰妮
窘得红了脸，
用手抹平围裙，
朝着
贝尔
狠狠地瞪了一眼。
9
贝尔咧嘴一笑。”好了，弗兰妮，什么事那么高兴啊
?
”他问。
10
“我们刚得到消息，史蒂维做完了手术，平安无事。”她回答。
11
“我还一直在纳闷，怎么今天
不见他呢
?
”贝尔问。”本来有个笑话要讲给他听呢。做
的是什么手术呢
?
”
12
弗兰妮快言快语，把史蒂维的
手术情况告诉贝尔和他旁边坐着的两个司机。”唉
!
”弗
兰妮叹息着说：”他平安无事，我很开心，但是我不知道他和他妈妈怎样支付所有的费用。
我听说，他们的日子一直过得紧巴巴的。”
贝尔·林格点点头，若有所思。弗兰妮匆匆离
开，去招待其它桌的客人了。
13
上午的客流高
峰一过，弗兰妮走进我的办公室。她手上拿着几张纸餐巾，表情诡异。”
怎么了
?
”我问。”在贝尔·林格和他朋友坐过的那张餐桌上，”她说，”这张
折叠的餐巾
纸就塞在一个咖啡杯下”。她把那张餐巾递给我。我抖开它，三张
20
元的钞票跌落在我的
桌面上。纸巾外面工整地
写着：”送给史蒂维的一点心意”，字母很大很粗。
14
“波尼·皮特也问我为何跳那支舞，”她说。”我把史蒂维和
他母亲的一切都告诉他
了。皮特看看托尼，托尼看看皮特，他们最后把这个给了我。”<
/p>
她递给我另一张纸餐巾，
只见外面潦草
地写着：”送给史蒂维的一点心意”。折叠的餐巾中夹着两张
50
元的钞票。
弗兰妮看着我，眼睛闪着泪花，摇摇头，只说一句话，”这些卡车司机啊。
”
15
那是三个月前的事了。今天是感恩节，是史蒂维重返工作岗位的第一天。他的就业顾
问说
，史蒂维一直数算着日子，直到医生告诉他可以上班了。就算这天是假日也没有关系。
他
在过去一周内打了十次电话，
确保我们知道他要回来了，
担心我
们忘记他，
担心丢掉这份
工作。
我经过
筹划，
让他母亲陪他来上班。我们在停车场迎接他们，邀请母子二人一起庆祝
他归来。
16
史蒂维面色苍白，人也瘦了，但是总咧着嘴笑。
他用力推开门，径直走向工作间，他
的围裙和餐车正在那儿等着他呢。”等一
下，史蒂维，别着急，”我说。我挽着他们母子的
手臂说，”等会儿再开工。我请二位吃
早餐，庆祝史蒂维归来。”我带他们向餐厅后面角落
里一个大隔间走去。
我们穿过餐厅的时候，我能感觉到、
也能听到其他员工紧紧跟着。
我回
头望去，看见笑容满面的卡车司机们走出一个个隔间，融入员工的队伍中
。
17
我们来到那张大餐桌前。桌面上凌乱的咖啡杯、小碟、餐盘，横七竖八地摆放在一堆
折叠
的纸餐巾上。”史蒂维，你要做的第一件事是，把这堆东西清理干净，”我佯装严肃地
说
。史蒂维看看我，又看看母亲，从那堆餐巾纸中抽出一张。那餐巾外面写着：”送给史蒂
维的一点心意”。他拿起餐巾，两张
10
元钞票掉在桌子上。史
蒂维看看钞票，又看看餐具
下面露出的几十张餐巾，每一张都或工整或潦草地写着他的名
字。
18
我转身对他母亲说：”这张桌上，有一万多元现金和支票，是卡车司机、卡车公司听
说
你们的家庭状况后送来的。感恩节快乐
!
”天哪，此时一片欢腾
，人们大声地叫着，也有
流泪的。但是你知道此刻最有意思的是什么吗
< br>?
就在大家都忙着握手、拥抱的时候，史蒂维
笑容绽放，
正忙着清理桌上的杯盘
—
他真是我手下最好的员工。
参考
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资料
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How Deep Is Your Love?
|
你的爱有多深
|
Mansi Bhatia
Love to some is like a cloud
To some as strong as steel
For some a way of living
For some a way to feel
And some say love is
holding on
And some say let
it go
And some say love is
everything
Some say they
don't know
1
有人认为爱如浮云
有人认为爱坚强如铁
有人认为爱是一种生活方式
有人认为爱是一种感觉
有人说爱要执着
参考
.
资料
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UNIT
2
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有人说爱不要约束
有人说爱是生命的全部
有人说不知道爱为何物
At some stage or the other in our lives
we experience an emotion which defies
definition. It's a feeling that can
only be felt and not described. An overwhelming
joy that comes together with its share
of sadness. Love.
2
在我们生命中的某个阶段，我们会经历难以名状的情
感。这种情感只能体会，无法用
语言描述。莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感
一同降临，这就是爱。
Given
the busy nature of our lives, it's to be
appreciated that we even find the
time
to indulge in matters of the heart. But at the
same time I wonder if we even
understand its true depth. I remember
having countless crushes while in school.
My math teacher, our neighbour's son,
my best friend's brother and lots of others
whom I fancied for the colour of their
eyes, the shape of their moustaches or just
the way they walked. Harmless puppy
loves that are as brief as soap bubbles. I
can laugh about all those silly and
adventurous thoughts and acts now but at that
time nothing could be more serious an
affair for me. Then came the stage of real
relationships.
3
在紧张忙碌的生活中，我们竟能找到时间，沉湎于感情之中，这的确令人感佩。然而，<
/p>
此时我想知道：
我们是否懂得爱到底有多么深刻。
记得上学的时候，
我迷恋的对象真是数不
清：我的数学
老师、邻居的儿子、好朋友的弟弟，还有另外一些因为眼睛的颜色、胡子的形
状或走路的
姿势而让我倾慕的人。年少时的爱慕，不会带来伤害，如肥皂泡一样转瞬即逝。
那些稚气
、大胆的想法和行为，现在想来大可一笑了之。但是，在那时，对我来说，没有比
恋爱更
重要的事
了。接着就进入了真正“谈”情“说”爱的阶段。
Being in an all girls'
school I hardly had the opportunity to interact
with
members of the opposite gender.
Socials between our school and the boys'
college, therefore, would be awaited
anxiously. Those three hours of unhesitant
attention by a group of well-groomed
young gentlemen provided us with enough
content to talk and feel excited about
for the next four weeks.
4
我在女子学校学习，
和男孩子交往的机会寥寥无几，
因此，
我热切地期待着我们学校和
男子学校举办的
交谊会。
交谊会上，
一群精心打扮的年轻男子毫无顾忌地盯着我
们。
这三个
小时中的点点滴滴，成了我们在以后四个星期中足够
的谈资，我们在议论时，心情澎湃。
And even then there was no real need of
having a boyfriend.
5
即使是在那个时候，我也没有真正交男朋友的需要。
I somehow grew up believing
that love would happen when it had to. And
sure enough it did. It came at an age
when I had a career, a long-term plan and
参考
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a more or less settled
life (and now I am not yet 25!). I was mature
enough to enter
a relationship which
demands a lot of give and not so much of take.
6
在我
的成长岁月中，
不知何故，
我相信爱情该来的时候自然会来。<
/p>
事实果真如此。
当我
有了稳定的工作，有
了长期的计划和比较安定的生活（我现在还不到
25
岁呢！）时
，爱情
降临了。我也比较成熟了，能够步入不贪图许多回报而需要大量付出的感情关系。
Love was a
magnificent building I built on the foundation of
friendship. It took
time to blossom. It
took a lot of understanding, loads of sharing and
caring, and
plenty of affection to
become what it is today. And it meant a meeting of
minds.
You might say that I belong to
the traditional school of romance. But in my
opinion,
love needs to be nurtured. And
it has to be distinguished from the intense but
short-lived love or the pleasures of
the flesh.
7
我的爱
情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。
爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。
我和
我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心，投入了丰富的感情，才使爱情
发展到今天。爱情
意味着情投意合。你也许会说，我属于浪漫的传统派。但是，依我看，
爱情需要培养。我们
必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。
Our parents'
generation was fed lavishly with ideals. It was an
era of
constraints, restraints,
respect, admiration, and plenty of romance. The
long skirts,
the quiet and
unpretentious looks, the curled long hair, the
calmness, the shy
glance
鈥
?these are all so
frequently remindful of a bygone era. An age when
the distance between the sexes somehow
managed to help preserve the holiness
of love and relationships.
8
我们的父辈，接受了理想爱情的灌输。那是一个约束、压抑
、崇敬、仰慕和十足浪漫的
年代。长裙、娴静质朴的外表、卷曲的长发、恬静的气质、羞
怯的目光——这一切常使人想
起一个消逝久远的年代。
那个年代
，
男女之间的距离无论如何都有助于维持爱情以及恋爱关
系的神
圣性。
The younger
generation, with its openness and fading lines of
proximity, has
jumped on the bandwagon
of love with so much haste that it is difficult
for them
to distinguish between
physical attraction and mental compatibilities.
What we
have been exposed to via the
media have fast paced our sensibilities so much
that taking things slow requires effort
on our parts.
9
年轻的一代人，
由于观念开放，
随着男女之间交往界线的消退，
他们便急于赶浪头，匆
忙恋爱，以至于难以区分身体的互相吸引与心灵的相投。我们从媒
体中接触到的人和
事，
使我们的感情
历程大大加速，要想慢慢地体会自己的感受，确实需要付出努力。
I am sorry to learn about
the kind of emotional baggage school kids are
carrying in what are purely unemotional
relationships. Some might blame the
current state of affairs on peer
pressure. But has anyone ever stopped to figure
out
参考
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where this peer pressure
originates? Do any of us try and understand who is
responsible for this shift? Does anyone
bother to study the state of mind of the
teenagers?
10
学校里的青少年在全然没有感情的关系中所背负的感情包袱，
令我深
感难过。
也许有些
人会把他们目前的感情状况归结为同龄人之间
所施加的压力。
但是，
可曾有任何人停下来想
< br>一想同龄人之间的压力来自何处？我们是否尝试着弄清楚是谁造成了这样的转变？可曾有
< br>人费神去研究青少年的心理呢？
The mindset of this generation is all
too evident in the way it handles its
personal life. There are more
relationships being distorted under the pressures
of
lust than ever before. There is more
focus on physical beauty than on inner charm.
There is more of closeness and less of
intimacy. There is more of passion and less of
emotion. There is more of acquiring and
less of sharing. There is more of
opportunism and less of selflessness.
In short, there is more of ME and less of US.
11
从这一代人处理个人生活的方
式上，
我们很容易看出他们的思想倾向。
跟从前相比，
现
在有更多的情感在欲望的压力下扭曲。
他们更
注重外表的美丽而忽视内在的魅力。
两性交往
随便了，亲密无间
却少了；激情多了，感情却少了；个人获得的多了，相互间分享的少了；
寻机获利的现象
多了，无私的奉献少了。简而言之，“自我”多了，爱的分享少了。
We have hardened ourselves
so much in this competitive age that we have
forgotten the essence of relationships.
There's much more to being someone's
lover than gifting them red roses and
fifty-cent cards. What about gifting our
object of affection, our time, our
company, our support, our friendship? What
about setting priorities in our lives
and focusing on each with sincerity? What
about trying to be self-sufficient
emotionally before letting ourselves loose? What
about giving ourselves, and others,
time and space to forge relationships? What
about working towards meaningful and
lasting friendships? What about honouring
our commitments? What about channeling
our energies and emotions towards
building lifelong bonds rather than
wasting them on seasonal relationships?
12
在这个竞争激烈的年代，
我们已经变得麻木不仁，
将恋爱的实质抛于脑后。
< br>作为恋爱中
的人，
不只是意味着把红色的玫瑰花和五毛钱
一张的卡片送给恋人，
我们要做的事情还很多。
我们将自己的时
间、
陪伴、
支持和友谊作为礼物送给自己的恋人了吗？我们是否
确定了生活
中最重要的事情，
而后真诚地做好每一件事？我们是
否先在情感上成熟起来，
再尽情地追求
爱情？我们是否给自己、
给他人足够的时间和空间以巩固恋情的发展？我们是否为了追求有
意义的、
永恒的友谊而不遗余力？我们是否履行了自己的承诺？我们是否将自己的精力
和感
情倾注于终生不渝的关系而不是浪费在朝秦暮楚的关系中？
We have but one life and we
must experience everything that can make us
stronger. True love happens once in a
lifetime. And we should not have become
so tired by our frivolous acts that
when it comes we aren't able to receive it with
open arms.
参考
.
资料
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13
人的生命只有一次，
我们必须去体验能使我们更为坚强的每件事。
真正的爱情一生只有
一次。
我们任由轻佻的行为令自己身心
疲惫，
当真正的爱情到来时，
我们却没有能力伸开双
臂迎接它的降临。
Unit 3
What Is Friendship?
When we approach the notion of
friendship, our first problem is that there is a
lack of socially acknowledged criteria
for what makes a person a friend. In one
setting, we may describe someone as a
friend; in another, the label may seem less
appropriate. Therefore, people tend to
have a very thin understanding of what
friendship really means. To help us
understand what friendship really means, we
need to review some classical views of
friendship.
One classical view of
friendship is provided by Aristotle, the famous
ancient
Greek philosopher. Aristotle
distinguishes between what he believes to be
genuine friendships and two other
forms: one based on mutual usefulness, the
other on pleasure. So, according to
Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship:
Friendship based on utility. Utility is
an impermanent thing: it changes
according to circumstances. When the
ground for friendship disappears, the
friendship also breaks up. Friendships
of this kind seem to occur most frequently
between the elderly, because at their
age what they want is not pleasure but
utility. Friendships based on utility
are also frequently found among those in middle
or early life who are pursuing their
own advantage. Such persons do not spend
参考
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much time together,
because sometimes they do not even like one
another, and
therefore feel no need of
such an association unless they are mutually
useful. They
take pleasure in each
other
’
s company only in so
far as they have hopes of
advantage
from it.
Friendship based on pleasure.
Friendship between the young is thought
to
be grounded on pleasure, because the
lives of the young are regulated by their
feelings, and their chief interests are
in their own pleasure and the opportunity of
the moment. As they grow up, however,
their tastes change too, so that they are
quick to make and to break friendships.
That is why they fall in and out of
friendship quickly, changing their
attitude often, even within the same day.
Friendship based on
goodness. Perfect friendship is based on goodness.
Only
the friendship of those who are
good, and similar in their goodness, is perfect.
The
conduct of good men is the same or
similar. It is between good men that both
love and friendship are chiefly found
and in the highest form. Such for as the
saying goes, true friends must go
through trials and tribulations together. And no
two persons can accept each other and
become friends until each has proved
to
the other that he is worthy of love, and so won
his trust. The wish for friendship
may
develop rapidly, but true friendship does not.
Another classical view of
friendship can be found in the writings of Cicero,
an
ancient Roman statesman and orator.
According to Cicero, true friendship is only
possible between good men.
He further
defines
“
the
good
”
as
“
those whose
actions and lives leave no question as
to their honor, purity, equity, and liberality;
who are free from greed, lust, and
violence; and who have the courage of their
convictions.
”
The friendship between good men, based
on virtue, does offer
material
benefits, but it does not seek them. All human
beings are bonded
together in a
community
of
shared
reason.
Therefore,
in
friendships
and relationships, those who possess
any superiority must regard themselves as
equals of those who are less fortunate.
It is virtue that creates and preserves true
friendship.
Thus, we may see
that the traditional idea of friendship is made up
of three
components: Friends must enjoy
each other
’
s company; they
must be useful to
one another; and they
must share a commitment to the good. According to
the
classical views, virtuous friends
are bound together, as the recognize each
other
’
s moral
excellence.
To perceive a
friend, therefore, is to perceive oneself; and to
know
a friend is to know oneself. Each
can be said to provide a mirror in which the
othe
r may see himself. Through networks
of such virtuous friends, we can develop a
sh
ared idea of good and pursue it
together. Friendship of this kind is necessarily
involves conversations about well-being
and of what might be involved in living
the good life.
什么是友谊？
1
我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的
第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。在某一
情境下，我们会把某个人称为朋友；<
/p>
然而，情境一旦变迁，朋友这个称呼就显得没那么贴切
了。
因此，
人们对友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的。
< br>为了帮助我们理解友谊的真正含义，
参考
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我们需要回顾有关友谊的几种传统的看法。
2
<
/p>
一种传统的友谊观在古希腊著名的哲学家亚里士多德的著作里得以阐述。他将自己心
目中真正的友谊同另外两种友谊截然分开。
这两种友谊分别是：
基于互利的友谊；
基于愉悦
的友谊。因此，根
据亚里士多德的观点，我们可以将友谊分为三类：
3
建立在功利之上的友谊。
功利并非永恒，它依照环境而变化。友谊的根基一旦消失，
友谊也随之破
灭。
这类友谊似乎在老人之间最为常见，
因为上了年纪的人需要
的不是愉悦而
是实用。
基于功利的友谊也同样存在于追逐个人利
益的中年人和青年人中。
这些人不会在一
起消磨时光，
因为他们有时甚至不喜欢对方，
因而觉得除非可以互相利用，
否则没有交往的
必要。只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时
候，才会乐于呆在一起。
4
建立在愉悦之上的友谊。
年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的，因为
年轻人的生活
受感情支配，
他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。
然而，
他们
的情趣随着自己日渐成长也会变化，他们交友容易
，分手也干脆。年轻人的态度变化无常，
甚至一日数变，难怪他们的友谊总是迅速地开始
，又匆匆地结束。
5
建立在美德之上的友谊。
完美无瑕的
友谊立足于美德。只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相
似美德的人之间建立的友谊才是最完美的
。
品行高尚的人，
其行为是相同的，
或
者是类似的。
爱和友谊多半在品行高尚的人之间发生，
而且以最
高雅的形式出现。
这种友谊是罕见的，
需
要时间，需要交往。常言道，真正的朋友必须同甘共苦，历经风雨。只有当两个人互相证明
自己值得爱并获得对方的信任之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。交友的意愿可能倏忽而至，
< br>但真正的友谊却要慢慢培养。
6
另一种传统的友谊观可以在古罗马
政治家、演说家西塞罗的著作里找到。西塞罗认为，
真正的友谊只能在好人之间发生。他
进而将”
好人”
定义为”那些行为和生活无损于自己的
荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信
念说话和做事的人。
”好人之间建立的这种友谊立足于美德，
它确实可以带来物质利益，但
决不以追求物质利益为目标。
人类生活在以共同的理想为基础的社会。
因此，
在处
理朋友关
系和其他人际关系时，
优越于他人的人必须平等地对待
那些没那么幸运的人。
美德创造友谊，
美德使友谊之树常青。<
/p>
7
我们由此可以看出，传统的友谊观由三个要素构成：朋友以相伴为乐；朋友必须彼此
受益；
彼此都有志于崇高的事业。
这些传统的友
谊观告诉我们，
两个品德高尚的朋友是永不
分离的，因为彼此认
同对方的高尚品德。
因此，认识朋友就是认识自我，了解朋友就是了解
< br>自我。
可以说朋友就好比是一面镜子，
每个人都可以从朋
友身上看清自己。
置身于品德高尚
的朋友之中，我们会对美德达
成共识，共同为之不遗余力。这样的友谊是永恒的，
因为朋友
应
该具备的一切品质都凝结在这种友谊关系中。
Unit 4
My Greatest Olympic Prize
我最珍贵的奥林匹克奖
[1]It
was the summer of 1936. The Olympic Games were
being held in Berlin.
Because Adolf
Hitler childishly insisted that his performers
were members of a
[2] I
wasn't too worried about all this. I'd trained,
sweated and disciplined
myself for six
years, with the Games in mind. While I was going
over on the boat, all
参考
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I could think about was
taking home one or two of those gold medals. I had
my
eyes especially on the running broad
jump. A year before, as a sophomore at the
Ohio State, I'd set the world's record
of 26 feet 8 1/4 inches. Nearly everyone
expected me to win this event.
[3] I was in for a surprise. When the
time came for the broad-jump trials, I was
startled to see a tall boy hitting the
pit at almost 26 feet on his practice leaps! He
turned out to be a German named Luz
Long. I was told that Hitler hoped to win
the jump with him.
[4] I
guessed that if Long won, it would add some new
support to the Nazis'
ways,
I determined to go out there and really show Der
Fuhrer and his master race
who was
superior and who wasn't.
[5] An angry
athlete is an athlete who will make mistakes, as
any coach will
tell you. I was no
exception. On the first of my three qualifying
jumps, I leaped from
several inches
beyond the takeoff board for a foul. On the second
jump, I fouled
even worse.
trials and make a fool of
myself?
[6] Walking a few yards from the
pit, I kicked disgustedly at the dirt. Suddenly I
felt a hand on my shoulder. I turned to
look into the friendly blue eyes of the tall
German broad jumper. He had easily
qualified for the finals on his first attempt. He
offered me a firm handshake.
[7]
though with a German
twist to it.
are you?
they've
mastered a bit of American slang.
eyes
closed.
1936
年夏天。
奥林匹克运动会在柏林举行。
由于阿道夫
·希特勒幼稚地坚持他的选手是“优
等民族”的成员，民族主义情绪空前高涨。
我对这一切并不太担心。
六年来，我心里想着
这次奥运会，一直在坚持刻苦训练，
从严要求
自己。
我乘船来时，
就一心想带一两块金牌回家。
我特别
想在急行跳远项目上夺取金牌。一
年前，我在俄亥俄州上大学二年级时，就创下了
26
英尺
81/4
英
寸的世界纪录。几乎所有
的人都认为我会赢得这项赛事。
然而，
事情出乎我的意料。
到了急行跳远预
选赛时，
我吃惊地看见一个高个儿小伙子试跳时
就落在了沙坑将
近
26
英尺的地方！原来他是个德国人，名叫卢茨·隆格。有人
告诉我，希
参考
.
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特勒就希望靠他来获得跳远冠军。
我
心想，
如果隆格获胜，
那势必给纳粹的“优等民族“
（雅利安人优异）
论调增加新的佐证。
毕竟，
我是个黑人。
我很气个过希特勒的那一套，
决心显一显身手，着实让“元首大人”和
他的优等民族看看谁优谁劣。
< br>
任何一个教练员都会对你说．
运动员一生气就会犯错误
。
我也不例外。
预赛三跳中的第一跳，
我踏过起跳板几英寸犯了现。第二跳时，则犯规更严重。“难道我从
3000
英里外跑到这儿
就为了这个结局？”我痛苦地想道，“为了在预赛里就犯规
出局丢自己的丑吗？”
我从沙
坑里走出几码远，气愤地踢着沙
土。忽然，我感到有一只手搭在我的肩膀上。我转过脸去，
瞧见了那个高个子德国跳远运
动员一双友好的蓝眼睛。他头一跳就轻松地取得了决赛资格。
他主动用力地握了握我的手
。
“杰西·欧文斯，
我叫卢茨·隆格
。
我想我们以前没见过面。
”
他英语说
得不错，尽管带一点德国味儿。
“认识你很高兴，”我说。随
后，我竭力想掩饰自已的不安，便又说道：“你怎么样？”
“我很好。问题是：你怎么样？”
“你的意思是？”我问道。
“一定有
什么困扰着你，
”他说——显得很得意，
外国人掌握了一点美国
俚语都会这样。
“你
就是闭着眼睛也能进入决赛。” “相信我
，这我知道，”我对他说－－能跟别人说这话，
心里觉得好受些。
[8] For the next few minutes we
talked together. I didn't tell Long what was
reassure me. Although he'd
been schooled in the Nazi youth movement, he
didn't
believe in the Aryan-supremacy
business any more than I did. We laughed over
the fact that he really looked the
part, though. An inch taller than I, he had a
lean,
muscular frame, clear blue eyes,
blond hair and a strikingly handsome face.
Finally, seeing that I had calmed down
somewhat, he pointed to the take-off
board.
[9]
and
aim at making your take-off from there? You'll be
sure not to foul, and you
certainly
ought to jump far enough to qualify. What does it
matter if you're not first
in the
trials? Tomorrow is what counts.
[101
Suddenly all the tension seemed to leave my body
as the truth of what
he said hit me.
Confidently, I drew a line a full foot behind the
hoard and
proceeded to jump from there.
I qualified with almost a foot to spare.
[11] That night I walked over to Luz
Long's room in the Olympic village to thank
him. I knew that if it hadn't been for
him I probably wouldn't be jumping in the
finals the following day. We sat and
talked for two hours--about track and field,
ourselves, the world situation, a dozen
other things.
[12] When I finally got
up to leave, we both knew that a real friendship
had
been formed. Luz would go out to
the field the next day trying to beat me if he
参考
.
资料
-增长率
-增长率
-增长率
-增长率
-增长率
-增长率
-增长率
-增长率
-
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