-处女膜
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作
澄衷高级中学
孙吉
从
20
17
年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增
< br>加了概要写作（
Summary
writing
）
，也有许多人将之称为
“
< br>小作文
”
。概要写作分
值占据<
/p>
15
分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。
< br>
概要写作所给定的语篇一般在
200-250
字，
内容丰富多样，
包含故事、
时政、
科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在
< br>50-60
字，答案尽量符合
“Key points
of a summary”
的要求。
一．正确认识概要写作
1. Definition of summary
writing
（概要写作的定义）
By summary, we mean a brief
restatement, in your own words, of the content of
a
passage, an article, a chapter or a
book.
2. Key points of a
summary
（概要写作的要点）
Conciseness
（
简要性）
：
Omit unnecessary details like examples,
explanations and
other unimportant
information.
Length:
1/4-1/3 of the original text.
Completen
ess
（
完整性）
：
< br>To include all the main and supporting points delivered
in you own words in a
condensed manner.
Accuracy
（准
确性）
：
To give the same
attention and stress to the points as the
author does.
Coherence
（连贯性）
：
Rather than an
outline listed as key words and phrases, a
summary is a paragraph with necessary
transitions and function structures to make it
flow.
Objectivit
y
（客观性）
：
Do not
include your own ideas or emotions on the topic.
The summary should reflect the content
of the original passage only.
3. Steps
to write a summary
（概要写作的步骤）
1
）
Skim the text
to find out the general theme.
2
）
Analyze the
text’s structure to divide it into several
sections, find out the main
idea of
each section and write it out briefly with your
own words. (one sentence)
3
）
Write down the
key supporting points for each main idea without
involving
minor details.
4
）
Organize
the
main
and
related
supporting
points
in
a
logical
order
with
necessary transitions
to achieve coherence.
5
）
Proofread for
grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.
4. Beginning of a
summary
（概要写作的开头）
Begin your summary with:
*The author’s name
*The article’s or chapter’s
name
*The author’s thesis
statement—
a general overview(survey) of
the article.
The Body:
First
of all
, the author
describes……
精选
He then
points out
that……
In
addition
, the author talks
about……
Finally
,
the author suggests……
Some
other introductory phrases:
*(The
author) states in (this article) that…
*(The author), in (this
article) shows that…
*In (this article), (the author) writes
that…
*As (the author) says
in (this article),…
*The
main idea of (the author’s article) is…
*The author believes (holds; maintains;
claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes)
that + clause
…
*The author talks about (explains;
describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.
二．记叙文概要写作要点点拨
记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，
< br>除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：
when, where, who,
what, why, how
。在
这六个要素中，所占内容比
重最大的是
what
。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可
以用这样的模板来表示：
Who did
what by…because…
当然，不是说每个故事概
要都包含
how
或
why
，有时两者选其一即可。
下文
是课堂训练的一个例子
：
Directions:
Please read the following passage and
write a summary of it in
no more
than 60 words
.
I
took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my
family two years ago. It was really
a
huge
lake
with
beautiful
scenery
all
around.
People
were
amazed
by
the
endless
view in front of our
eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered
to go water-skiing
alone.
I
put
on
the
life
jacket,
got
on
the
motorboat
immediately
and
started
my
engine
as soon as possible.
The
lake
seemed
broad
and
endless.
I
was
so
thrilled(
激动
)
to
enjoy
my
trip
among the mountains and
waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some
time, I
found
myself
in
the
middle
of
the
endless
lake.
A
sudden
fear
came
around
me.
I
didn’t know
where I
was or even how far I had gone
from the shore. What was worse,
it
began to rain
and it became very cold
and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldn’t
find my way back. It was useless for me
to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that
I
began
to
think
about
all
kinds
of
horrible
things.
After
floating
on
the
water
helplessly and
hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard
someone calling my name.
Soon, a big
steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to
the deck and asked me if
I was hurt. I
couldn’t say a word but cried in my father’s
arms.
材料分析
：根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。
因此，
我们先找出记叙文的六要素：
When
—
two years
ago
Where
—
a trip
to a big lake in Indonesia
Who
—“I”, the
writer
精选