2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

Born to win

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年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section II

Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark

[A], [B], [C] or [D] on

ANSWER SHEET 1

. (10 points)

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes

that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious

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21

家

to how

they

can

best

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22

家

such

changes.

Growing

bodies

need

movement

and

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23

家

,

but

not

just

in

ways

that

emphasize

competition.

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24

家

they

are

adjusting

to

their

new

bodies

and

a

whole

host

of

new

intellectual

and

emotional

challenges,

teenagers

are

especially

self-conscious

and

need

the

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25

家

that

comes

from

achieving

success

and

knowing

that

their

accomplishments

are

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26

家

by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so

much

competition

that

it

would

be

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27

家

to

plan

activities

in

which

there

are

more

winners

than

losers,

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家

,

publishing

newsletters

with

many

student-written

book

reviews,

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29

家

student

artwork,

and

sponsoring

book

discussion

clubs.

A

variety

of

small

clubs

can

provide

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家

opportunities

for

leadership, as well as for practice in successful

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31

家

dynamics. Making friends

is

extremely

important

to

teenagers,

and

many

shy

students

need

the

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32

家

of

some

kind

of

organization

with

a

supportive

adult

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33

家

visible

in

the

background.

In

these

activities,

it

is

important

to

remember

that

the

young

teens

have

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34

家

attention

spans.

A

variety

of

activities

should

be

organized

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35

家

participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to

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36

家

else

without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants

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37

家

. This does

Born to win

not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.

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38

家

, they can help students

acquire a sense of commitment by

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39

家

for roles that are within their

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40

家

and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21.

[A] thought

[B] idea

[C] opinion

22.

[A] strengthen

[B] accommodate [C] stimulate

23.

[A] care

[B] nutrition

[C] exercise

24.

[A] If

[B] Although

[C] Whereas

25.

[A] assistance

[B] guidance

[C] confidence

26.

[A] claimed

[B] admired

[C] ignored

27.

[A] improper

[B] risky

[C] fair

28.

[A] in effect

[B] as a result

[C] for example

29.

[A] displaying

[B] describing

[C] creating

30.

[A] durable

[B] excessive

[C] surplus

31.

[A] group

[B] individual

[C] personnel

32.

[A] consent

[B] insurance

[C] admission

33.

[A] particularly

[B] barely

[C] definitely

34.

[A] similar

[B] long

[C] different

35.

[A] if only

[B] now that

[C] so that

36.

[A] everything

[B] anything

[C] nothing

37.

[A] off

[B] down

[C] out

38.

[A] On the contrary

[B] On the average

[C] On the whole

[D] On the other hand

[D] advice

[D] enhance

[D] leisure

[D] Because

[D] tolerance

[D] surpassed

[D] wise

[D] in a sense

[D] exchanging

[D] multiple

[D] corporation

[D] security

[D] rarely

[D] short

[D] even if

[D] something

[D] alone

Born to win

39.

[A] making

[B] standing

[C] planning

[D] taking

[D] efficiency

40.

[A] capabilities

[B] responsibilities [C] proficiency

Section III

Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],

[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on

ANSWER SHEET 1

(40 points)

Text 1

Wild

Bill

Donovan

would

have

loved

the

Internet.

The

American

spymaster

who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots

for the CIA was

fascinated with

information.

Donovan believed in

using whatever

tools

came

to

hand

in

the

“great

game”

of

espionage

--

spying

as

a

“profession.”

These days the Net,

which has

already re- made

such everyday

pastimes

as buying

books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.

The

latest

revolution

isn

’

t

simply

a

matter

of

gentlemen

reading

other

gentlemen

’

s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In

the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry

of point-and-click spying. The spooks

call it “open

-

source intelligence,” and as the

Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to

see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin,

was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage

was its mastery of the electronic world.

Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc.,

a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money

by

selling

the

results

of

spying

(covering

nations

from

Chile

to

Russia)

to

corporations

like

energy-services

firm

McDermott

International.

Many

of

its

predictions are available online at

.

Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of

mutually

reinforcing

tool

for

both

information

collection

and

distribution,

a

spymaster

’

s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far

corners of th

e world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that

report runs,

we’ll

suddenly

get

500

new

Internet

sign-

ups

from

Ukraine,”

says

Friedman,

a

former

political

science

professor.

“And

we’ll

hear

back

from

some

of

them.”

Open- source

spying

does

have

its

risks,

of

course,

since

it

can

be

difficult

to

tell

good

information from bad. That’s

where Straitford earns its keep.

Friedman

relies

on

a

lean

staff

of

20

in

Austin.

Several

of

his

staff

members

have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm

’

s outsider status as the key

Born to win

to

its

success.

Straitford

’

s

briefs

don

’

t

sound

like

the

usual

Washington

back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they

might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

41.

The emergence of the Net has ________.

[A] received support from fans like Donovan

[B] remolded the intelligence services

[C] restored many common pastimes

[D] revived spying as a profession

42.

Donovan

’

s story is mentioned in the text to ________.

[A] introduce the topic of online spying

[B] show how he fought for the U.S.

[C] give an episode of the information war

[D] honor his unique services to the CIA

43.

The

phrase

“

making

the

biggest

splash

”

(Line

1,

Paragraph

3)

most

probably

means ________.

[A] causing the biggest trouble

[B] exerting the greatest effort

[C] achieving the greatest success

[D] enjoying the widest popularity

44.

It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.

[A] Straitford

’

s prediction about Ukraine has proved true

[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information

[C] Straitford

’

s business is characterized by unpredictability

[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information

45.

Straitford is most proud of its ________.

[A] official status

[B] nonconformist image

[C] efficient staff

[D] military background

Text 2

To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,

“

all that is needed for the

triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.

”

One such cause now

Born to win

seeks

to

end

biomedical

research

because

of

the

theory

that

animals

have

rights

ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights

advocates,

whose

arguments

are

confusing

the

public

and

thereby

threatening

advances

in

health

knowledge

and

care.

Leaders

of

the

animal

rights

movement

target

biomedical

research

because

it

depends

on

public

funding,

and

few

people

understand

the

process

of

health

care

research.

Hearing

allegations

of

cruelty

to

animals

in

research

settings,

many

are

perplexed

that

anyone

would

deliberately

harm an animal.

For

example,

a

grandmotherly

woman

staffing

an

animal

rights

booth

at

a

recent

street

fair

was

distributing

a

brochure

that

encouraged

readers

not

to

use

anything

that

comes

from

or

is

tested

in

animals

—

no

meat,

no

fur,

no

medicines.

Asked

if

she

opposed

immunizations,

she

wanted

to

know

if

vaccines

come

from

animal research. When

assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say

yes.”

Asked

what

will

happen

when

epidemics

return,

she

said,

“Don’t

worry,

scientists

will find some way of using com

puters.” Such well

-meaning people just

don’

t understand.

Scientists

must

communicate

their

message

to

the

public

in

a

compassionate,

understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We

need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother

’

s hip

replacement,

a

f

ather’s

bypass

operation

,

a

baby’s

vaccinations,

and

even

a

pet’s

shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these

treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful

at best and cruel at worst.

Much can be done. Scientists could

“

adopt

”

middle school classes and present

their

own

research.

They

should

be

quick

to

respond

to

letters

to

the

editor,

lest

animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of

truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals

receive

humane

care.

Finally,

because

the

ultimate

stakeholders

are

patients,

the

health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known

personalities

such

as

Stephen

Cooper,

who

has

made

courageous

statements

about

the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people

do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the

precious embers of medical progress.

46.

The author begins his article with Edmund Burke

’

s words to ________.

[A] call on scientists to take some actions

[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research

[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement

47.

Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.