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2014
考研基础讲义之语法解绝真题
课程目
的：词汇
+
语法
=
句子
+
句子
=
文章，故有了语法，解决根本问题。
引言：语法的意义何在（什么是语法）
（
1997
年翻译）
On one
view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows
that animals have
none.
（
2006
年阅读
4
）
happiness more often than not ends in
sadness.
（
2012
年翻译）
Chomsky’s
grammar should show patterns of
language change that are
independent of
the family tree or the pathway tracked through it,
whereas Greenbergian
universality
predicts
strong
co-dependencies
between
particular
types
of
word-order
relations.
指导：如何解决考研语法：
一个核心：
三种残缺：
两种顺序：
五种从句：
五种结构：
一
.
语法核心
——
谓语（一个核心）<
/p>
1.
谓语的意义：
（
2002
年阅读）
Strengthening economic
growth, at the same time as winter grips the
northern hemisphere, could push the
price higher in the short term.
2.
谓语判断原则：
提示记录区：动词分类
1
）
2
）
3
）
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英语时态语态一览表：
时间
状态
备注
3.<
/p>
谓语判断举例：（
1996
年翻译）
This trend began during the
second World War, when several governments came to
this
conclusion that the specific
demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
二
.
非谓语动词（三种残缺）
提示记录区：简单句的成分
1.
非谓语动词来源：
非谓语动词
to do
doing
done
done
doing
谓语类型
谓语来源
残缺部分
谓语含义
非谓语翻译
可做成分
提示记录区：
done
和
< br>doing
作定语
2.
非谓语动词举例：
1
）做主语
+
宾语
（
2012
年翻译）
To
filter
out
what
is
unique
from
what
is
shared
might
enable
us
to
understand how complex
cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in
evolutionary or
cognitive terms.
2
）定语
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer
Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure
in
action: In
South
Carolina, a
state-sponsored antismoking
program called
Rage
Against
the Haze sets out to
make cigarettes uncool.
（
2012
年阅读
TEXT1
）
< br>
4
）状语
Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the
company has applied for federal permission to keep
it
open for another 20 years.
（
2012
年阅读
TEXT2
）
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3. to do
的形式用法
1
）形式主语
（
2005
年
翻译）
It
is
not
easy
to
talk
about
the
role
of
the
mass
media
in
this
overwhelmingly significant phase in
European history.
2
）形式宾语：
（
2007
年新题型）
All
these activities can prevent the growth of
important communication
and
thinking
skills
and
make
it
difficult
for
kids
to
develop
the
kind
of
sustained
concentration they
will need for most jobs.
3
）
tha
t
形式主语
（
2004
年阅读
TEXT2
）
It has long been known that a taxi firm
called AAAA cars has a big
advantage
over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through
their phone directories.
4)
强调结构：
（
2009Text2
）
It is a wise
father that knows his own child, but today a man
can boost his
paternal (fatherly)
wisdom
–
or at
least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.
三
.
定语与状语（两种顺序）
1.
定语成分与顺序
1
）定语成分一览表
定语成分
前置定语
后置定语
形容词
名词
代词
分词
不定式
介词短语
定语从句
2
）定语翻译举例
< br>举例一：
（
2011
年
text1
）
The
decision
of
the
New
York
Philharmonic
to
hire
Alan
Gilbert
as
its
next
music director
has
been
the
talk of
the
classical-music
world
ever
since
the
sudden announcement of
his appointment in 2009.
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举例二：
（
1997
< br>年
text5
）
Much of the language used to describe
monetary policy, such as “steering th
e
economy to
a soft landing” or “a touch
on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise
science.
提示记录区：定语翻译顺序
2.
状语分类与顺序
1.
状语分类
状语分类
时间
地点
原因
目的
条件
让步
结果
比较
方式
代表
句前分隔
主谓之间
句尾部分
2.
状语成分
状语成分
状语举例
状语位置
3.
状语的翻译
中文状语语序：
英语状语语序：