-slay
2003
年
Text 1
Wild
Bill
Donovan
would
have
loved
the
Internet.
The
American
spymaster
who
built
the
Office
of
Strategic
Services
in
the
World
War
II
and later
laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with
information.
Donovan
believed
in
using
whatever
too
ls
came
to
hand
in
the
“great
game”
of espionage
——
spying as a
“profession.” These days the Net, which
has already re-made such everyday
pastimes as buying books and sending
mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation
as well.
如果
Wild
Bill Donovan
当时有互联网的话他肯定会喜欢网络的。这位美
国间谍大王对情报格外着迷，他曾经在第二次世界大战时建立了战略服务办公
室，
后来又为中央情报局的成立打下了基础。
Donovan
相信，
在谍报的“伟大游
戏”当中，<
/p>
即间谍这一“职业”当中，
可以使用任何可利用的手段。
如今，
互联
网已经改变了像买书和寄信这样的日
常活动，
也正在改变
Donovan
曾
经从事的这
个职业。
注：其实
espionage
和
spying
是一个意思，
spying
是对
espionage
的解
释，
espionage
主要用于政府军事公司团体，
相对正式些，
可以翻译成
“谍报”；
spying
是普通用法，主要指公司或个人，所以
可以译为“间谍”，“密探”均
可。
The latest revolution isn’t simply a
matter of gentlemen reading
other
gentlemen’s
e
-mail.
That
kind
of
electronic
spying
has
been
going
on for decades. In the past three or
four years, the World Wide Web has
given
birth
to
a
whole
industry
of
point-and-click
spying.
The
spooks
call
it
“open
-
source intelligence,”
and as the Net grows, it is becoming
increasingly
influential.
In
1995
the
CIA
held
a
contest
to
see
who
could
compile
the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a
large margin, was
a
tiny
Virginia
company
called
Open
Source
Solutions,
whose
clear
advantage was its mastery of the
electronic world.
最近的这次革命性的改变不仅仅是一个人偷看他
人电子邮件的问题，
这样的
电子间谍活动已经存在了数十年。<
/p>
在过去的三四年中，
国际互联网已经催生出一
个可称为点击间谍的完整产业。
间谍们把它称为
“开源情报
”
（直译为：
“公开
来源情报”）。随
着互联网的增长，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。
1995
年
中央情报局举办了一个竞赛，
看谁能够收集到关于“布隆迪”的
最多信息。
以绝
对优势获胜的是来自弗吉尼亚的一家小公司，<
/p>
名为“公开来源解决方案”，
它的
明显优
势是它对电子世界的精通。
注：
<
/p>
所谓开源情报是指通过对公开的信息或其它资源进行分析后所得到的
情报。
Among
the
firms
making
the
biggest
splash
in
the
new
world
is
Straitford,
Inc.,
a
private
intelligence-analysis
firm
based
in
Austin,
Texas.
Straitford
makes
money
by
selling
the
results
of
spying
(covering
nations
from
Chile
to
Russia)
to
corporations
like
energy-services
firm
McDermott
International.
Many
of
its
predictions
are
available
online
at
.
在这些公司中，引起这一新
领域最大轰动的是一个叫
Straitford
的公司，
它是得克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一个私人情报分析公司。它通过向诸如“McDermott
国际”这样的能源公司出售情报来赚钱
（情报涉及包括从智利到俄罗
斯等许多国
家）。它的许多预测可以到
在线查到。
Straitford president
George Friedman says he sees the online world
as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool
for both information collection
and
distribution,
a
spymaster’s
dream.
Last
week
his
firm
was
busy
vacuuming up data bits from the far
corners of the world and predicting
a
crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs,
we’ll suddenly get
500
new
Internet
sign-
ups
from
Ukraine,”
says
Friedman,
a
former
political
science
professor.
“And
we’ll
hear
back
from
some
of
them.”
Open-
source
spying
does
have
its
risks,
of
course,
since
it
can
be
difficult to tell good information from
bad. That’s where Straitford
earns its
keep.
该公司的总裁
George Friedman
说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发
布两方面相互增强的工
具，
这是间谍头目的梦想。
上周，
他的
公司正在从远在世
界的另一角落收集零散的信息，
并预测到乌克
兰将发生一场危机。
“一旦这个报
道发布，我们会从乌克兰突然
新增
500
个浏览用户，”Friedman ，一位前政治<
/p>
学教授说，
“我们将得到他们某些人的反馈。
”当然公开来源的间谍活动的确有
它的风险，
因为区分真假
信息是非常困难的。
（但）
这正是
Straitford
公司盈
利的地方。
Friedman
relies
on
a
lean
staff of 20 in
Austin.
Several
of
his
staff
members
have
military-
intelligence
backgrounds.
He
sees
the
firm’s
outsider status as the key to its
success
. Straitford’s briefs don’t
sound
like
the
usual
Washington
back-and-forthing,
whereby
agencies
avoid
dramatic
declarations
on
the
chance
they
might
be
wrong.
Straitford,
says
Friedman, takes pride
in its independent voice.
在奥斯汀市，
Friedman
依靠的是为数不多的
20
名职员。他的职员当中有好
几个人具有军事情报工作背景。他把公司的“局
外人”地位视为其成功的关键。
Straitford
公司的简
报听上去不像华盛顿
（官方）
那样措辞谨慎，
< br>这是因为
（官
方）机构要避免贸然之言，以免言之有误。
Friedman
说，
Straitf
ord
公司因其
独立的声音而感到自豪。
41.
The
emergence of the Net has __________.
[A] received support from fans like
Donovan.
[B] remolded the intelligence
services.
[C] restored many common
pastimes.
[D] revived spying as a
profession.
网络的出现已经
_________
_
。
[A]
得到了像多诺汶这样的网迷的支持
[B]
改变了情报服务的方式
[C]
恢复了许多普通的消遣活动
[D]
复兴了间谍行业
42.
Donovan’s
story is mentioned in the text to
__________.
[A] introduce
the topic of online spying.
[B] show
how he fought for the U.S.
[C] give an
episode of the information war.
[D]
honor his unique services to the CIA
文章
中提到多诺汶故事的目的在于
__________
。
[A]
引出网上间谍活动这个话题
[B]
说明他如何为美国而战斗
[C]
举出信息战的一段插曲
[D]
赞扬他为中央情报局做出的特殊贡献
43.
The phrase
“making the biggest splash” (line 1, paragraph
3)most
probably means __________.
[A] causing the biggest trouble. [B]
exerting the greatest effort.
[C]
achieving
the
greatest
success. [D]
enjoying
the
widest
popularity.
“making the biggest splash”（第三段第一行）这个词语
的意思可能是
__________
。
[A]
造成最大的麻烦
[B]
尽最大的努力
[C]
取得最大的成功
[D]
受到最广泛的欢迎
44.
It can be learned from
paragraph 4 that __________.
[A]
Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved
true.
[B] Straitford
guarantees the truthfulness of its information.
[C] Straitford’s business is
characterized by unpredictability.
[D] Straitford is able to provide
fairly reliable information.
可以从第四段中了解到
__________
。
[A]
Straitford
公司关于乌克兰的预言被证明是正确的
[B]
Straitford
保证了其信息的真实性
[C]
Straitford
的业务具有不可预测的特点
[D]
Straitford
能够提供比较可靠的信息
45.
Straitford is most proud
of its __________.
[A] official status.
[B] nonconformist image.
[C] efficient
staff. [D] military background.
S
traitford
公司最为自豪的是其
__________
。
[A]
官方地位
[B]
不墨守成规的形象
[C]
高效的员工
[D]
军事背景
2003
年
Text 2
To paraphrase 18th-
century
statesman Edmund Burke, “all that
is
needed
for the
triumph of a
misguided cause
is that
good people do
nothing.” One such
cause
now
seeks to end biomedical
research because of the theory that animals have
rights ruling
out
their
use
in
research.
Scientists
need
to
respond
forcefully
to
animal
rights
advocates,
whose
arguments
are
confusing
the
public
and
thereby
threatening
advances in health knowledge and care.
Leaders of the animal rights movement target
biomedical research because it depends
on public funding, and few people understand
the
process
of
health
care
research.
Hearing
allegations
of
cruelty
to
animals
in
research settings, many are perplexed
that anyone would deliberately harm an
animal.
18
世纪政治家
Edmund Bur
ke
曾说，
“
受错误思想引导的事业要
想取得胜利，
只需好人袖手旁观
”
。现
在就有这样一种事业正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因
为有一种理论认为，
动物是有权利的，
不应该把它们用作研究对象。
科学
家应该
对动物权利鼓吹者做出有力的回应，
因为他们的言论混淆
了公众的视听，
从而威
胁到卫生知识和医疗服务的进步。
动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研
究，
原因在于它依赖于公共资助，
并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。
< br>当人们听
到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动
物。
For example,
a grandmotherly
woman staffing an
animal rights booth at a recent
street
fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged
readers not to use anything that
comes
from
or
is
tested
in
animals
—
no
meat,
no
fur,
no
medicines.
Asked
if
she
opposed
immunizations,
she wanted to know
if
vaccines come
from animal
research.
When assured that they do,
she
replied,
“Then
I would
have to say
yes.”
Asked what
will
happen
when
epidemics return, she
said,
“Don’t worry, scientists will
find some
way of using
computers.” Such
well
-
meaning people just
don’t understand.
例如，
在近期的一次集市上，
一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，
规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品
——
肉类，
毛皮，
药物。
当被问到她
是否反对免疫接种时，
她问疫苗是否来自动物实验。
< br>当被告知的确如此，
她回答
道，
“
那么我不得不说，
是的，
我反对接种
”
。
当被问到瘟疫暴发怎么办时，
她说，
“
不用担心，
科学家会用计算机来找到解决方法的
”
。
这些善意的人只不过是不了
解情况。
Scientists
must
communicate
their
message
to
the
public
in
a
compassionate,
understandable way -- in
human terms,
not
in the
language of
molecular biology. We
need
to
make clear the connection
between
animal research and a
grandmother’s
hip
replac
ement, a father’s
bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even
a pet’s shots.
To
those
who
are
unaware
that
animal
research
was
needed
to
produce
these
treatments, as well as
new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems
wasteful at
best and cruel at
worst.
科学家必须把他们的信息传达给公众，
并且要使用有通俗易懂且能够引起共
鸣的语言，
而不要使用分子生物学的专业术语。
我们需要说明动物实验与祖母的
髋骨更换手术、
父亲的心脏搭桥手术、
婴儿的免疫接种、<
/p>
甚至宠物的防疫注射针
之间都密切相关。
许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实
验。对于他们来说，动物实
验说得好听点是浪费，说得不好听就是残忍。
Much
can
be
done.
Scientists
could
“adopt”
middle
school
classes
and
pres
ent
their
own
research.
They
should
be
quick
to
respond
to
letters
to
the
editor,
lest
animal rights
misinformation
go
unchallenged and acquire
a deceptive appearance of
truth.
Research
institutions could
be opened
to tours, to show that
laboratory animals
receive
humane
care.
Finally,
because
the
ultimate
stakeholders
are
patients,
the
health
research
community
should
actively
recruit
to
its
cause
not
only
well-
known
personalities such as Stephen
Cooper, who has made courageous statements about
the
value
of
animal
research,
but
all
who
receive
medical
treatment.
If
good
people
do
nothing
there
is
a
real
possibility
that
an
uninformed
citizenry
will
extinguish
the
precious embers of medical
progress.
有很多事情可以做。
科学家可以
“
采用
”
中学课堂来介绍自己的研究，
展示实
验结果。
他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应，
以防止动物权利的误导言论
不受质疑、
披上真理的骗人外衣。
科研
机构应该对外开放允许人们参观，
向大家
展示实验室里的动物如
何获得悉心的照顾。
最后，
因为最终的受益质是病人，
医
疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬
?
库柏这样的名人的支持
——
他对动物实验
的价值勇敢地进行了肯定
——
而且应该争取
所有接受治疗的病人的支持。
如果好
人袖手旁观，还真有可能让
不明真相的人们扑灭医学进步中珍贵的火种。
46.
The
author
begins
his
article
with
Edmund
Burke's
words
to
__________.
[A] call on
scientists to take some actions.
[B]
criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical
research.
[D] show the triumph of the
animal rights movement.
作者用
Edmund Burke
的话
作为文章的开头是为了
__________
。
[A]
呼吁科学家们采取一些行动
[B]
批评动物权利这个受到错误思想引导的事业
[C]
警告生物医学末日即将到来
[D]
证明动物权利运动取得了胜利
47.
Misled people tend to
think that using an animal in research is
__________.
[A] cruel but
natural. [B] inhuman and unacceptable.
[C] inevitable but vicious. [D]
pointless and wasteful.
受误导的人们往往会认为在研究中
使用动物是
__________
。
[A]
残忍而自然的
[B]
不人道且不可接受的
[C]
难免却邪恶的
[D]
没有意义且浪费的
48.
The example of the
grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's
__________
[A] discontent
with animal research.
[B] ignorance
about medical science.
[C] indifference
to epidemics.
[D] anxiety about animal
rights.
老奶奶的例子是用来证明公众
_______
___
。
[A]
对动物研究的不满
[B]
对医学的无知
[C]
对流行病的漠不关心
[D]
对动物权利的忧虑
49.
The
author
believes
that,
in
face
of
the
challenge
from
animal
rights
advocates, scientists
should __________