-mutex
第三章
翻译的基本技巧
增译法
(amplification)
?
The
dust, the uproar and the growing darkness threw
everything into chaos.
?
In April, there
was the “ping” heard around the world. In July,
the ping “ponged”.
原译：四月里，全世界听到
―
乒
‖
的一声；七月里，乒又
< br>―
乓
‖
了。
改
译：四月里，全世界听到中国
―
乒
‖<
/p>
的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，
美国
―
乓
‖
的一声把球打了回来。
?
Their
host
carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked,
laughed, proposed health.
原译：他们的主人又切又倒又服务又切面包；又说又笑又祝健
康。
改译：
热情的主人又是切肉，
又是斟酒，
又是上菜，
又是切面包；
说啊，
笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。
增译法
?
当然，增译法并不意味着译者可以
随心所欲地添枝加叶，而必须遵守
一条基本原则，即增加那些在句法上、语义上或修辞上
必不可少的词
语，也就是增加原文字面虽未出现但却为其实际内容所包含的词语。
下面分别介绍英汉翻译中运用增译法的两种主要类型。
?
Amplification
means
supplying necessary words in our translation on
the
basis of accurate comprehension of
the original.
Outline
?
根据意义或修辞上的需要
?
根据句法上的需要
Exercises
一、根据意义或修辞上的需要
1.1
增加动词
1.2
增加形容词
1.3
增加副词
1.4
增加名词
1.5
增加表示名词复数的词
1.6
增加表达时态的词
1.7
增加语气助词
1.8
增加量词
1.9
增加概括词
1.10
增加承上启下的词
1.1
增加动词
?
?
?
?
In the evening, after the
banquets
, the
concerts
and the
table
tennis
exhibitions
, he would work on the
drafting of the final
communiqué
.
晚上在参加
宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草
最后公报。
There were no
s
p
e
e
c
h<
/p>
e
s
, no
foreign diplomats
, no
―ordinary
Chinese‖ with paper flags and
bouquets of flowers.
没有发表讲话，
没有各国外交官到场，也没有
―
普通中国人
‖
挥舞纸
旗、花束的场面。
?
Rostow was about to become, for lack of
anyone or
anything better, a very
influential intellectual
—
the
wrong
man
at
the wrong place with the wrong idea.
?
因为找
不到比他更好的人，也没有更好的办法，于是，罗
斯托就要成为一个很有影响的知识分子
了，
这真是在错误的
地方任用
错误的人去实行他的错误主张。
?
?
They had been through it all at his
side
—
the
bruising battles
, the
humiliations of the
defeat…
through empty mid-1960s
—
until at
last,
in 1968, they were able to savor the sweet taste
of triumph.
他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的战争，忍受过失败的耻
辱，
熬过了一事无成的二十世纪六十年代中期，好不容易挨到一九六八
< br>年，他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。
1.2
增加形容词
?
With what
enthusiasm
the Chinese
people are building
socialism!
?
中国人民正在以多么高的
热情建设社会主义啊！
?
The plane
twisted under me, trailing
flame
and
smoke
.
?
（敌人的）飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓
烟烈
焰掉了下
去。
?
O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and
misery, what
sight
is this!
(Mark Twain)
?
啊，汤姆
·
康迪，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景
象却是多么煊赫
啊！
1.3
增加副词
?
?
?
?
?
?
The crowds
melted
away.
人群渐渐
散开了。
As he sat down and began talking, words
poured out
.
他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝
地讲个没完。
Tremaine
sank
down
with his face in his hands.
屈里曼两手蒙住脸，
一
屁股
坐了下去。
?
In the films of those days, all too
often it was the same
one: boy tractor
driver
meets
girl tractor
driver; they
fall in
love
and
drive
tractors together.
?
在那时
候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机
手始而
相遇，继而
相爱，终而
并肩开拖拉机了。
?
He
was fascinated by the political processes
—
the
wheeling
and dealing of presidential politics, the
manipulating, releasing and
leaking
of news, the public
and private talks.
?
一幕幕
政治花招真使他看入迷了：总统竞选活动中的勾心
斗角，
尔虞我
诈；
对新闻消息的幕后
操纵、
公开
发表和有
意
透露，以及公开和秘密的谈话。
1.4
增加名词
?
在
不
及
物
动
词
后面增加名词
–
To wash before meal/going to bed
–
饭前洗手
/
睡前洗脚
?
Mary
washed
for a living after
her husband died of acute
pneumonia.
?
玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。
?
Day
after day he came to his
work
—
sweeping, scrubbing,
cleaning
.
?
他每天来干活
——
扫地
，擦地板
，收拾房间
。
?
First you
borrow
,
then you
beg
.
?
头一遭借钱
，下一遭就讨饭
。
?
Then Lieutenant
Grub launched into the old recruiting routine,
―
See, save
and
serve
! Hannigan, free tour
to all the ports in the
world. A fine
ship for a home. Three meals a day without charge…
You mustn’t let such a golden
opportunity slip by.‖
于是，格拉布
上尉开始说起招兵的老一套了：
―
见见世面，攒点钱，
为国家出力！汉尼根，免费周游世界上所有的港口。一艘上好的船
为家，
一天三餐不要钱。
????你千万不要错过这样的大好机会呀！?
?
±
?
在形容词前增加名词
?
?
?
?
A new kind of aircraft
—
small,
cheap
, pilotless
—
is attracting
increasing attention.
一种新型的飞
机正越来越引起人们的注意
——
这种飞机体积不大，
价钱便宜，无人驾驶。
He is a
complicated
man
—
moody, mercurial, with a
melancholy
streak.
他是一个性格复杂的
人
——
喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。
< br>
?
在抽象名词后增加名词
?
After all
preparations
were made, the
planes were flown across the
U.S. to
San Francisco.
?
一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。
?
In the summer
of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an
easing
of
tensions
with China.
?
一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。
?
Profanity
was tacitly given
up.
?
亵渎神灵的粗话全都心照不宣地不用了。
?
在具体名词后增加名词
?
当具体名词表达一种抽象概念时，
译文中也常根据上下文增加一些
适当的名词
。
He
felt the
patriot
rise within
his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
He allowed the
father
to be overruled by
the
judge
, and declared his
own son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜了父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。
?
?
?
?
?
Kissinger felt
that Rogers was quibbling, but the
lawyer
in
Nixon
supported the quibble of a fellow lawyer.
?
基辛格
感到罗杰斯是在挑刺儿。
但是，
律师出身
的尼克松
支持了他同行的挑刺儿。
1.5
增加表示名词复数的词
–
增加数词或其他词表示复数
1.6
增加表达时态的词
?
强调某种时间概念
时，往往要加一些词。
?
I
had
known two
great social systems.
那时以前，我就经历
过
两大社会制度。
?
The
old man
had
taught the boy
to fish and the boy loved him.
原来是老头儿曾教过孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。
?
?
?
?
I
had
never thought
I’d be happy to find myself considered
unimportant. But this time I was.
以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时，我会感到高
兴。但这
次情况确是如此。
Whereas Kissinger
had
once needed Nixon as a
channel to power,
Nixon now needed
Kissinger to help him remain in power.
当年，基辛格曾需要尼克松的援引而获得权势；如今，尼克松需要
基辛格帮他继续掌权。
–
强调时间上的对比
时，往往要加一些词。
?
The
old man said, ―They say his father
was
a fisherman.
Maybe he
was
as poor as we
are.
‖
?
老头儿说：
―
听人说，
从前
他爸爸是个打鱼的。
他过去
也
许跟我们现在
一样穷。
‖
?
I
was
, and
remain
, grateful for the
part he played in my
release.
?
我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去
很感激，现在
仍然很