(完整版)2019年6月大学英语四级真题完整版(第3套)(2)

2019

年

6

月大学英语四级真题完整版（第

3

套）

Part I

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write

a news report to your

campus newspaper on a visit to a

volunteer activity organized by your Student

Union.

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension

(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions

: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news

report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions

will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer

from the four choices marked A

）

，

B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter

on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.

本次四级考试只 有

2

套听力

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension

( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following

the

passage.

Read

the

passage

through

carefully

before

making

your

choices.

Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for

each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use

any of the words in the bank more than once

．

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Just

because

they

can

’

t

sing

opera

or

ride

a

bicycle

doesn

’

t

mean

that

animals

don

’

t have culture. There

’

s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the

most __26__ predators(

食肉动物

)

，

killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured

creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__

behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.

The

word

“

culture

”

comes

from

the

Latin

“

colere,

”

which

__29__

means

“

to

cultivate.

”

In other words, it refers to

anything

that is

__30__ or learnt,

rather than

instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we

live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having

spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of

Greenland

have

developed

certain

genetic

__31__

that

help

them

digest

and

utilize

this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.

Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the

globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ from

pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different

hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(

猎物

). This,

in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to

learn

population- specific

hunting

methods

could

be

driving

the

animals

’

genetic

development.

A) acquired

E) expressed

I) image

M) speculate

B) adaptations

F) extends

J) literally

N) structure

C) brutal

G) habitats

K) refined

O) thrive

D) deliberately

H) humble

L) revolves

Section B

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

each

statement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.

Identify

the

paragraph

from

which

the

information

is

derived.

You

may

choose

a

paragraph

more

than

once.

Each

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.

Answer

the

questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to

34- year-olds

[A]

Broad

demographic

(

人口的

)shifts

is

marital

status,

educational

attainment

and

employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new

Pew

Research

Center

analysis

highlights

the

implications

of

these

changes

for

the

most basic element of their lives

—

where they call home. In 2014,for the first time in

more than 130

years, adults ages 18 to

34 were

slightly more likely to

be living in

their parents

’

home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own

household.

[B]

This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young

Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back

to

1880, the most common living arrangement among

young adults has been living

with

a

romantic

partner,

whether

a

spouse

or

a

significant

other.

This

type

of

arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation

’

s 18-to 34-year-olds were

living

with

a

spouse

or

partner

in

their

own

household,

and

only

one-in- five

were

living with their parents.

[C]

By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own

household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14%

of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates.

The

remaining

22%

lived

in

the

home

of

another

family

member

(such

as

a

grandparent,

in-law or sibling (

兄弟姐妹

)), a non- relative, or in

group quarters like

college dormitories.

[D]

It

’

s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents

was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about

35% of the nation

’

s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32%

in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of

living

in

early

adulthood,

with

the

decline

of

romantic

coupling

pushing

living

at

home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.

[E]

Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men

ages

18

to

34,

living

at

home

with

mom

and/or

dad

has

been

the

dominant

living

arrangement

since

2009,

In

2014,28%

of

young

men

were

living

with

a

spouse

of

partner

in

their

own

home,

while

35%

were

living

in

the

home

of

their

parent(s).

Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic

partner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).

[F]

In

2014,

more

young

women

(16%)

than

young

men

(13%)

were

heading

up

a

household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely

than

men

to

be

single

parents

living

with

their

children.

For

their

part,

young

men

(25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another

family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.

[G]

A

variety

of

factors

contribute

to

the

long-run

increase

in

the

share

of

young.

Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from,

marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition,

a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew

Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today

’

s young adult

may never marry. While cohabitation(

同居

)has been on the rise, the overall share of

young

adults

either

married

or

living

with

an

unmarried

partner

has

substantially

fallen since 1990.

[H]

In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed

to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and

this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live

at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen

significantly

in

recent

decades.

The

share

of

young

men

with

jobs

peaked

around

1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly

with

earnings,

young

men

’

s

wages

(after

adjusting

for

inflation)

have

been

on

a

downward trajectory (

轨迹

) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As

wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has

risen.

[I]

Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly

likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid

labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford

to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage

—

which

is

related,

in

part,

to

labor

market

outcomes

for

men

—

may

explain

more

of

the

increase in their living in the family home.

[J]

The

Great

Recession

(and

modest

recovery)

has

also

been

associated

with

an

increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college

enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given

the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private

safety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.

[K]

Beyond

gender,

young

adult

’

s

living

arrangements

differ

considerable

by

education

—

which is tied to

financial

means.

For

young adults

without

a bachelor

’

s

degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living

with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed a

bachelor

’

s

degree

were

living

with

their

parent(s)

while

27%

were

living

with

a

spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with

a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college

degree

have

fared

much

better

in

the

labor

market

than

their

less-educated

counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.

oyed

young

men

are

more

likely

to

live

with

their

parents

than

the

employed.

2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater

than that of their female counterparts.

percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly

decreased in the past three decades or so.

the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in their

parents

’

home.

adults with

a college degree found it easier to

live independently of their

parents.

men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.

young

adult

women

live

with

their

parents

than

before

due

to

delayed