-overdrive
高中作文写作：议论文
(
专题二）
基本类型
:
记叙文
----
写事记叙文、
写人的记叙文
议论文
----
对比观点议论文、说明利弊议论文
说明文
----
事理类说明文、事物类说明文
应用文
----
< br>书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词、广告
议论文
（一）定义：
议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、
提出主张的文体。作者通过
摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，以确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。
三要素
论点，
论据和论证是议论文的三要素，
论点是作者对
所论问题所持的见解和主张；
论据是用
来证明论点的事实和道理
的根据；
论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。
一般来说，
议
论文每段应有主题句（
topic
sentence
）来确定论点。文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见或
建议，
表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。
论证有立
论和驳论两种，
作者证明自己的论点
正确，是立论；反之，证明
别人的论点错误，是驳论。
议论文的注意事项
1.
论点要鲜明，不可含糊其辞；论据要充分，要能充分证明观点的命题性，论据过程要
条理清晰。
2.
文章安排逻辑性要强，推理要严密。
3.
重在说理，以理服人。
4.
主要使用现在时态。
5.
中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文，是一种限定性的写作
，其论点、论据和论证都比
较明确，
有的文章提出问题，
如：
??为什么？
/
??怎么办？
/
??该采取什么措施？
考生可以结合题目要求阐述相关的观点，切忌随意发挥。
★
议论文模板
一、正反观点式议论文模板
导入：第
1
段：
Recently we
’
ve
had a discussion about whether we
should
…
（导入话题）
Our opinions are divided on this
topic.
（观点有分歧）
正文：
第
2
段：
Most of the students are
in favor of it.
（正方观点）
Here are the reasons.
First
…
Second
…
Finally
…
（列出
2~3
个赞成的理由）
第
3
段：
However, the others are strongly
against it.
（反方观点）
Their reasons are as follows. In the
first place
…
What
’
s
more
…
In addition
…
（列出
2~3
个反对的理由）
< br>结论：第
4
段：
Personally speaking ,the advantages
overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us
more good
than harm, so I support it
（个人观点）
二、
< br>“
A
”或者“
B
”类议论文模板：
导入：第
1
段
Some people hold the opinion that A is
superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue
that B is much better. Personally, I
would prefer A because I think A has more
advantages.
正文：第
2
段
1
There are many
reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is
that
…
Another reason is
that
…
(
赞同
< br>A
的原因
)
第
3
段：
All
these
factors
are
considered,
A
is
much
better
than
B.
From
what
has
been
discussed
above, we may
finally draw the conclusion that A is superior to
B in many ways.
…
(
得出结论
)
三、观点论述类议论文模板：
导入：
第
1
段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in
favor of the decision.
(
亮明自已的观点是赞成还是反对
)
The reasons for this may be listed as
follows.
（过渡句，承上启下）
< br>正文：第
2
段：
First of all
…
Sec
ondly
…
Besides
…
（列出
2~3
个赞成或反对的理由）
结论：第
3
段：
In conclusion, I believe
that
… (
照应第
1
段，构成“总—分—总”结构
)
四、连贯地连接信息
（
1
）常用的过渡词（组）
1.
表示并列
what
’
s
more,
in
addition,
too
,as
well
,besides,
furthermore,
moreover
,what
’
s
worse.
2.
表示因果
therefore,
for this reason, thus, consequently.
3.
表示转折
but,
however, on the contrary, instead, on one
hand
…
on the other hand
4.
表示时间顺序
later,
afterwards,
from
then
on
,eventually,
in
the
meantime,
then,
at
the
same time, after a while, at present,
after that, finally
5.
表示列举
first, to
begin with, secondly, first of all, then, next,
finally
6.
举例说明
such as, for example, for instance,
take
…
for example
7.
表示让步
nevertheless, still
8.
表示对比
on the
contrary, in contrast, similarly
9.
陈述事实
in fact,
actually ,as a matter of fact, to tell you the
truth
10.
表示总结
in a word, in short, to sum up, in
conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, in brief,
in summary, in general, all in all
11.
表示意义重复
that
’
s to say, in
other words, to put it in another way, to put it
differently
12.
表示强调
above all,
more importantly, indeed, without any doubt
(2)
常用的过渡句式有：
1. I do agree
with
…
2. In some way, I agree wit
h
…
,but
…
3. This point sounds right,
but
…
4. However, I
think
…
5. I
definitely believe
…
6.
In my opinion/view,
…
7. Personally, I feel
that
…
/ Personally, I agree
with
…
8. As far
as I
’
m
concerned,…
9. I
can
’
t agree more with the
father. Such cases are often seen in our life
10. Attitudes
towards
…
are various.
11. for one thing.
…
..for another
12. last but not the
least
…
.
(3)
表达观点
认为
Think/feel/consider/say /hold that/hold
the view that /insist/believe that
依我看
In my
opinion/in my view/ in my eyes /as far as I am
concerned
就我所知
As
far as I know
我有理由如下
My reasons are as follows
我的观点如下
Here are
my opinions
赞成
/
支持
Agree/be for/be in favor of
2
恐怕
I
’
m afraid
that
…
我相信
I
’
m convinced
that
…
我反对
I
don
’
t agree with the idea
that
…
（
4
）引用
俗话说
/
常言道
There goes the old
saying
…
As the saying
goes
…
There is a
saying
…
As a
proverb says
…
As we all
know
…
（
5
）常用句子
1.
Different people (students) have different ideas.
2. Different people look at
…
in different ways.
3. 60% of the students hold the view
that
…
On the other hand, 40%
believe that
…
4.
Opinions on the question are divided as follows:
70% of the students think
that
…
..
On the other hand, 30%
don
’
t like the idea
of
…
.
5.
I
’
d love to give my opinion
about
…
..
6. There
are many advantages in
…
Firs
t
…
.Second,
…
Third
…
However , there are some
disadvantages as well
……
.
Besides,
议论文通常由
立论、论证和结论三部分组成，
120
词左右的议论文无需大量
旁征
博引，但要观点明确，逻辑严密，语言简练，以理服人。
同学们在写议论文时不妨采用下面的方法来试一试。
一、
结构上采用三或四段式，显得简明晰。
首段先写主题，
然后第二部分写正方或支持方及反方或反对方的观点，
尾段写自
己的看法或意见，段落一定要清晰。
二、套话先行。
套话先行可以起到先
声夺人的效果。
这既能迅速博得阅卷老师的好感，
又能避免
过早出现无谓的错误。
1
、首段通常为
1
）
Many nations/college students
ha
ve been faced with the problem of
……
2
）
Recently the problem has been brought
into focus.
3
）
Recently the phenomenon has become a
heated topic.
4
）
Recently the issue has aroused great
concern among ……
5
）
Nowadays there is a growing concern
over ……
6
）
Never in our history has the idea that
…… been so popular.
7
）
Faced with ……, quite a few people argue
that ……
8
）
According to a recent survey,
……
9
）
With the rapid development of
economy/society
……,
10
）
Recently we
held(have hold)a discussion
whe
ther….
11)
When it comes to…,
(
当说到
…
)
2.
、第二段首句通常可以这样写：
As
is
known
to
all…play(s)an
important
part/role
in
our
daily
life/modern
society.
However, different people have
different opinions(
背熟此句，想错都难
)
．
．
．
Some
people/The
majority
of
the
students
think
it
(is)
a
good
idea/important/useful/convenient for
somebody
（根据题意改人称）
to
do….
Others
argue/claim that the opposite/reverse
is true…
3
列举观点
或
Obviously
…
..
has
both
advantages
and
disadvantages
．
…
../However
，
just
as
every coin
has two sides
，
…has it’s
disadvantages
．
如果是两个论据，可以采用下列模式：
on one hand+1
…+on the other
hand 2.
或
…
is one
thing..is another
…
如果是三个以上的论据，则可以简单采用以下模式：
Firstly,/to begin with
…+Seco
ndly
/furthermore
,…Finally
/last but not the
least
,…
注意：表明各方观点时常用一般现在时态。
3.
结论
陈述自己观点
There is
probably some truth in both arguments
／<
/p>
statements
，
but…
As far as I’m
concerned/Personally/As for me/in my
opinion/Personally
speaking(
尽
量避免使用
I
think).
总结全文时常用到
in one/a
word
，
generally
speaking
，
to
conclude
。
若提出解决办法时
却常使用下一句型：
1
）
From what has been discussed above, we
can draw the conclusion
that
……
2
）
It is high time that strict measures
were taken to stop ……
3
）
. We should
take measures to …
4
）
. We’d better
take effective measures to prevent …
5
）
. The
government decided to take strong measures against
…
6
）
. Urgent
measures should be ta
ken to
prevent…
.
7
）
It
is necessary that steps should be taken to
……
8
）
In conclusion, it is imperative that
……
9
）
There is no easy method, but ……might be
of some help.
10
）
To
solve the above-
mentioned problem, we
must ……
11
）
In
summary, if we continue to ignore the above-
mentioned issue, more problems
will crop up.
12
）
With the efforts of all parts
concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13
）
We
might do more than identify the cause it is
important to take actions to ……
14
）
Taking all th
ese into
account, we ……
15
）
Whether it is good or not /positive or
negative, one thing is certain/clear……
问题解决型作文模板
问题解决型模板一
TOPIC
①
With the
___ of ___, _____.
②
So it
is of great importance for
us to ____.
③
On
one hand, _____.
④
On the
other hand, _______.
⑤
However, we have figured out
问题解决型模板二
TOPIC
①
There has been a
discussion
recently about
________.
②
It is true to
the present situation
that
______.
③
But _______.
④
As is known to all, there
are many
问题解决型模板三
TOPIC
①
Nowadays,
there is a growing
concern
on ________.
②
It is certain
that _____.
③
However,
________
④
It
will cause many serious results
4
many ways to
_______.
⑥
Firstly, _____.
⑦
So long as _________.
⑧
Secondly, ________
⑨
Thirdly, _____.
⑩
In fact, ________.
11. That is because ______.
12. In a word, ________.
ways __________.
⑤
First of all, ________.
⑥
Furthermore, ________.
⑦
Last but not least,
_________
⑧
So
it is high time for us to _____.
⑨
That is because _______.
⑩
Secondly, _____.
11. Thirdly, _________.
12.
In conclusion, _________
⑧
In spite of all these, there are still
many ways _________.
⑨
First of all, _______.
⑩
In addition, _________.
11. Thirdly, _______.
12.
Only in this way, _________.
if
________.
⑤
Firstly,
_______.
⑥
Secondly,
________
⑦
Finally,
_________.
[
写作模板
]
问题解
决型
-----
对
某一问题
/
话题
进行分析
,
找出解决办法
,
表达自己的看法
.
第一段：
Nowadays
，
we have to face a problem
that…(
问题
)
/Nowadays
，
more
and
more
people
are
concerned
about
the
problem…(
问题
)
/
It is important
for us to…(
问题
).
For instance_____________________(
例一
)
First
，<
/p>
_________________________(
原因一
).
Moreover
，
_____________________(
例二
)
Second
，
_______________________(
原因二
)
第二段：
People have figured out
many ways to solve the
problem
．
/Confronted
with…(
问题
)we should take a
series of effective measures
to cope
with the situation
．
< br>Firstly
，
_________________
_______(
解决方法一
)
Se
condly
，
_____________________
_(
解决方法二
)
第三段：
1)
Personally
，
I
believe
that_______________(
我的方法
)
/To me
，
I am
taking two ways to solve the problem
of…(
问题
)
One of
them is ________________________(
我的方法
)
The other way is____________
___________(
方法二
)
By now ways have been working perfectly
and efficient1y…(
结果
)
2)
In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In
summary/Obviously/It’s clear
that…/It’s
no doubt that….
现象解释型作文模板
现象解释型模板一
现象解释型模板二
现象解释型模板三
5
TOPIC
①
Recently, _____________.
②
What amazes us most is
_____.
③
It is true that
___________.
④
There are many
reasons
explaining ____.
⑤
The main reason is
________.
⑥
What is more,
____________.
⑦
Thirdly,
______________.
⑧
As a
result, _____________.
⑨
Considering all these, ___.
⑩
For one thing, _________.
11. For another, _____________.
12. In conclusion, ___________.
TOPIC
①
As is
known to all, _________.
②
___ seem to get accustomed
to_____.
③
In fact, __________.
④
The reasons of _______ lie
in
several aspects.
⑤
Firstly, ______.
⑥
Secondly, _________.
⑦
Thirdly, ________.
⑧
Finally, _________
⑨
As a matter of fact,
_______.
⑩
On the one hand,
_____.
11. On the other hand, ______.
12. Therefore, __________.
TOPIC
①
Nowadays,
_________.
②
For one thing,
_____.
③
For another,
_____________
④
It is obvious
that ________.
⑤
Many
remarkable factors
contribute to __________
⑥
First of all, _______.
⑦
In addition, _________.
⑧
Finally, _________.
⑨
As to me, ________
⑩
As we know, _________.
11. Besides, _________
12.
In a word, ___________.
现象解释型叙事类模板
TOPIC
①
It so happened that _____.
②
Just at the moment, _____.
③
It impressed me most
because____.
④
What happened was _______.
⑤
At first, _______.
⑥
Almost at the same time,
_______.
⑦
What’s more,
________.
⑧
As a
result, _________.
⑨
As I
understand, ________.
⑩
On
the one hand, _______.
11. On the other
hand, ______.
12. Therefore,
___________.
现象解释型图表类模板一
TOPIC
①
As is clearly shown in the
chart/table/figure/ graph, ______.
②
Especially_______.
③
There
are
three
reasons
for
_______.
④
To begin with, _______.
⑤
In addition, ________.
⑥
For example,_________.
⑦
Last but not least,
_________
⑧
In short,
__________.
⑨
As
far
as
I
am
concerned/As
for
me/For my part,
___________.
⑩
On one hand,
___________.
11. On the other hand,
________.
12. In brief, ___________.
现象解释型图表类模板二
TOPIC
①
The
table/graph/figure/chart
shows that ___________.
②
It is self-evident that
_____.
③
Three possible
reasons
contribute to _________.
④
One reason is that ____.
⑤
Another reason is that
_______.
⑥
For instance,
__________.
⑦
What’s more,
_________.
⑧
As a
result, _________.
⑨
However, in my opinion,_____.
⑩
For one thing,_________.
11. For the other thing, _________.
sum up, In conclusion, ____.
对比论述型作文模板
对比论述型模板一
对比论述型模板二
对比论述型模板三
TOPIC
TOPIC
TOPIC
①
There is a heated debate
over __.
①
Recently, we may
hear quite
①
Different
people will offer quite
②
It
is commonly accepted that __.
different opinions ___________.
different ideas __________.
③
In contrast, others
_______.
②
Most people take
it for granted that
②
Many
people assert ________.
______.
③
However, others believe
_____.
6
③
However, others hold
__________.
④
Those
who
hold
the
first
opinion
suggest __________.
⑤
In
their view, ________.
⑥
However, others think _____.
⑦
They argue that _______.
④
A dominant idea is that
_______.
⑤
In this view,
_______.
⑥
Nevertheless, the
objectors think
____.
⑦
They argue that _______.
⑧
Considering
one after another, I
stand on the side
of ____.
⑨
First of all,
_________.
⑩
Further more,
______.
11. Thirdly, ________.
12. Therefore, ___________
⑧
As to me, I prefer
_________
⑨
On the one hand,
_______.
⑩
On the other
hand, ________.
11. Therefore,
__________.
12. In conclusion,
____________.
⑧
As far as I
am concerned, I agree
to _________.
⑨
First, _______.
⑩
Second, ________.
11. Last but not least, ________.
12. In a word, __________.
④
Some may proclaim
________.
⑤
They maintain
such as idea
because
_______.
⑥
In contrast, the
objectors think
____.
⑦
They argue that ________.
[
写作模板
]
对比
选择型
---
不同观点对比
---
列举
理由
---
然
后自己的观
点
.
第一段
：
Some people
tend to think that_________________________(
观点一
)
They point out tha
t__________________________________(
理由一
)
Additionally
，
_____________________________________(
理由二
)
A case in point
is___________________________________(
举
例
)
Therefore________________
_________________________(
小结
)
第二段：
On the
contrary
，
other people hold
the view
that_____________(
观点二
)
They argue that________________________
_______________(
理由一
)
What's more____________________________
____________(
理由二
)
As an illustration
，
__________________________________(
举例
)
Accordingly
，
_____________________________________(
小结
)
第三段：
As
far as I am concerned
，
(I
think) ________________________(
我的观点
)
The reason is that___________
____________________________(
理由一
)
And also
，
__
__________________________________________(
理由二
)
So
，
____________________________________________ _____ (
总结自己
的观点
)
[
写作模板
]
说明利弊型
----
某观点
/
某件事
/
某现象有利
(
列举好处
),
也有
弊
(
列举弊端
< br>),
应如何正确对待
第
一
段
：
[
某
观
点
/
某
件
事
/
某
现
象
有
利
(
列
举
好<
/p>
处
)
]
When
ever
we
hear
people
say
that__
___(
主题
)we'll
instantly
have
the
idea
that
it
is
a
good
／
bad
thing
for_______(
某人
)
Indeed
，
_________(
主题
)have advantages
to_____________(
某人
)
We can take_____________________(
举例
)as an
example…
．
It will
benefit____________________(
好处一
< br>)
In addition______________________(
好处二
)
第二段：
< br>[
也有弊
(
列举弊端
)
]
In
the
mean
time
，
we
must
realize
those
disadvantages
7
-overdrive
-overdrive
-overdrive
-overdrive
-overdrive
-overdrive
-overdrive
-overdrive
-
上一篇：二年级看图写话教案设计
下一篇：一二年级看图写话每周一练带稿纸