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英文写作中怎样避免用词的重复?
在英语的文章中,
我们可以看到,
除了表示强调
或为了避免意义的含糊外,
同一个词或短语
很少在同一个句子中
连续使用,
有时,
在一个句群或段落中也避免重复使用相同的词
。
避免
词汇重复是英语句子的又一特点。
这一特点最明显的标志是,
英语代词的使用频率远远高于
汉语
。英语主要是通过使用代词、同义词、近义词和省略等手段来避免重复。
1
.使用代词回避重复
这是最普通,也是常见的一种方法。
Can you mend this table? I
broke it yesterday
.
你会修理这张桌子吗
?
昨天我把它弄坏了。
When the
entered
,
each was given a
small present
.
孩子们进来时,每人都得到一份小礼物。
2
.用同义词避免重复
这里说的同义词是一个比较宽泛的
概念。它包括范畴词、相近词
(near-
synonym)
和派生
词等。
Then they went
on with of the peak
.
The
climb was an extremely difficult
one
.
然后他们继续向顶峰攀登,这是一次极难的攀登。
这是一个很典型的例子。
如果第一次用来表达概念的词不太常见,
不太通俗易懂,
那么
第二次需要重提此概念时,作者往往用一个简单的字眼。如:第二句就用了
同义词
climb
来
替代
ascent
这个较冷僻的词,既避免了重复,又解释了了
< br>ascent
的意义。
The monkey’s
extraordinary performance was learning to operate
a tractor. By the age
of
nine
,
the animal had learned
to drive single-handed
.
这只猴子最出色的表演是学开拖拉
机。到
9
岁时,它已学会独自驾驶拖拉机了。
< br>
在第二句仍要提及
monkey
和
tractor
p>
,为了回避重复,作者用了
animal
和
vehicle
这两个范畴词来替代。
范畴词虽然意义宽泛,
不太确切,
但是在特定的上下文中一般不
会引
起误解,而且行文也显得更加活泼了。
3
.用省略手段回避重复
省略的主要功能就是避免重复,<
/p>
并能突出新的信息。
省略是英语的一种习惯用法,
它能
节省词语,使语句结构显得紧凑。
1)
省略名词
He spoke for
the first motion and against the
second
.
(the
second
=
the second motion)
他赞成第一个提议,反对第二个提议。
They are fine
actors
.
Smith is the finest
I’ve ever seen
.
他们是优秀的演员,但史密斯是我见过的最好的演员。
有时,名词的省略出现在相同的名词之前。
Cut off the
first and last parts of the
play
,
and leave then
middle
.
(the
first
=
the first part of the
play)
把这个剧本的首尾两部分删去,只留下中间部分。
2)
省略动词
谈到动词的省略,典型的例子应首推培根关于读书的那段名言。
Some books are
to be tasted
,
others(are)to
be swallowed
,
and some few
(are) to be chewed
and
digested
.
书有可浅尝者,有可尽食者,少数则需咀嚼消化。
Jack needn’t
stay here
,
but George must
.
(
=
but
George must stay here)
杰克不必留下了,可是乔治必须留下来。
John won the
first race and Jim(won) the second.
约翰胜了第一场比赛,吉姆胜了第二场。
3)
省略形容词
相比较而言,英语中省略形容词来
避免重复的情形,不如其他词类
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A
beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a
beautiful behavior than a beautiful form.
merson
People want to know how much you care
before they care how much you know.
ames Hind
There
are lots of people who mistake their imagination
for their memory.
osh Billings
To err is human, to
forgive, divine.
ope
What
we
all
tend
to
complain
about
most
in
other
people
are
those
things
we
don”t
like
about
ourselves.
illiam Wharton
The greatest of
faults is to be conscious of none.
homas Carlyle
Optimism is a good characteristic, but
if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness.
heodore Roosevelt
It”s the nature of folly to see the
faults of others and forget his own.
icero
Fools
admire, but men of sense approve.
ope
The miracle is
this-the more we share, the more we have.
eonard Nimoy
Blessed is he who expects nothing, for
he shall never be disappointed.
ope
There is a limit at which
forbearance ceases to be a virtue.
dmund Burke
He
who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend
loses more; but he who loses courage loses
all.
ervantes
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