-耒耜
时态详解：现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成
进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，
一直延续到现在，
并且
还有可能持续
下去。如：
Those
cats have been screaming for hours.
那些猫叫了半天了。
We have
been waiting for him for two hours.
我们等他等了两个小时。
The
dollar has been climbing steadily all week.
整个星期美元一直在稳步增值。
二、现在完成进行时的结构
现在完成进行时由“
have /
has been +
现在分词”构成。如：
Sales have been dropping off badly.
销售量一直减少得很厉害。
I
have been waiting for an hour and a half.
我一直等了一个半小时了。
W
e’ll have been living here
for two years by next Sunday.
到下星期日，我们在这里就住了
整两年了。
三、现在完成进行时有哪些主要用法
1.
表示“持续”：
即表示一个从过去某
时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。
如：
< br>
She has been pruning the roses.
她一直在修剪玫瑰。
He’s
been helping himself to my stationery.
他未经许可一直用我的文具。
The
children have been having a lot of fun.
孩子们一直玩得很开心。
She
is very tired. She’s been working all
morning.
她很累。她干了一早晨了。
Tom
has been seeing about a work permit for you.
汤姆一直在想办法给你弄一个工作许可
证。
The tobacco industry has been trying to
improve its image.
烟草行业一直在试图改善其形
象。
It has come to our knowledge that you
have been cheating the company.
据我们了解你一直
欺骗公司。
The group has
been living in a remote corner of the Cambodian
jungle.
该部落一直居住在
柬埔寨的丛林深处
2.
表示“重复”
即表示在一段持续的时
间内动作的多次重复，
而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进
行。如：
We’ve all along been
making mist
akes like this.
我们一直犯这样的错误。
Jim
has been phoning Jenny every night for the past
week.
一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹
妮打电话。
四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：
all day /
month; this month / week / year; these days;
recently / lately; in the past few +
时间段
; since
+
时间点
; for +
时间段，等等。如：
He has
been working all day.
他整天都在工作。
They
have been building the bridge for two month.
两个月来他们一直在修桥。
They
have been planting trees this month.
这个月来他们一直在植树。
Car
sales have been shrinking recently.
汽车销量近来一直在下降。
Vera
has been trying to learn Chinese for years.
维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。
He
has been sleeping for ten hours.
他已经睡了十个小时了。
Jim
has been phoning Jenny every night for the last
week.
上星期，吉姆天天晚上都给詹妮
打电话。
The two parties have been
trying to unite since the New Year.
自从新
年以来，
双方就一直在
试图联手。
五、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1.
现在完成时强调动作的完成，<
/p>
而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，
因此，
表示动作的
完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：
He has changed his idea.
他改变了想法。
2.
在表示动作的延续时，
虽然既可用现在完成时，
也可用现在完成进行时，
但现在完成
进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现
在完成进行时。
如：
We have
been studying here for two years.
我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。
3.
在许
多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如：
He has cleaned the window.
他
把窗户擦干净了。
(
动作已完成
)
He has been cleaning the
window.
他一直在擦窗户。
(
动作不一定完成
)
4.
有些静态动词只能用于现在完成
时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。如：
I’ve
known him for many years.
我认识他有许多年了。
The
war has lasted for a long time.
这场战争持续了很长时间。
5.
有少数动词
(
如
live, work, teach, study
等
)
用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大
。如：
I
’ve lived
[been living] here for 30 years.
我在这儿住了
30
年了。
How long have you worked [been working]
here?
你在这里工作多久了
?
6.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的
相通性：
在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚
刚结束的动
作时，
某些动词既可以用现在完成时，
也可以用现在完成进行时
，
如
expect, hope,
learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep,
sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want,
work
等。如：
你学习英语多久了
?
正：
How long have yon learnt
English?
正：
How
long have you been learning English?
他已经睡了十个小时了。
正：
He has slept for ten
hours.
正：
He has
been sleeping for ten hours.
六、现在完成进行时典型考题（附详解）
1.
Tom
______
in the library every
night over the last three months.
A.
works
B.
worked
C.
has been working
D.
had been
working
分析：
C
。
over the last three months
的意思是“在过去的三个月期间”，这类时间状语
通常通常与现在完成时或
现在完成进行时连用，四个选项中只有
C
符合此要求。又如：<
/p>
Food and drink culture in
Britain is surely changing, has surely changed
over the last two
decades.
在
英国，饮食文化肯定正在不断地发生着改变，并且在过去二十年中肯定已发生过
不少变化
。
2.
Now that she is out of a
job, Lucy
______
going back to school, but she hasn’t
decided yet.
A.
had considered
B.
has
been considering
C.
considered
D.
is
going to consider