英汉对照_中国的环境保护问题

英汉对照

-

中国的环境保护问题

中国的环境保护问题（英汉对照）

一、实施可持续发展战略的选择

中国现代化建设是在人口基数大，

人 均资源少，

经济发展和科学技术水平都比较落后的条件下进行的。

70

年代

以来，随着中国人口的增长、经济的发展和人民消费 水平的不断提高，

使本来就已经短缺的资源和脆弱的环境面临

着 越来越大的压力。选择一条什么样的发展道路，

历史地成为与当代中国人民及其子孙后代 生存息息相关的重大问

题。

China's modernization drive has been launched in the following conditions: The country has a la

rge population base, its per-capita average of natural resources is low, and its economic developme

nt as well as scientific and technological level remain quite backward. Along with the growth of Ch

ina's population, the development of the economy and the continuous improvement of the people's con

sumption level since the 1970s, the pressure on resources, which were already in rather short suppl

y, and on the fragile environment has become greater and greater. Which road of development to choo

se has turned out, historically, to be an issue of paramount importance to the survival of the Chin

ese people as well as their posterity.

中国政府十分重视因人口增长和经济发展而出现的环境问题，

把保护环境作为提高人民生活水平和生活质量的

一个重要方面。 为了促进经济、社会与环境的协调发展，中国在

80

年代制定并 实施了一系列保护环境的方针、政

策、法律和措施。

The Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising

from the country's population growth and economic development, and has made protecting the environm

ent an important aspect of the improvement of the people's living standards and quality of life. In

order to promote coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment, Chi

na enacted and implemented a series of principles, policies, laws and measures for environmental pr

otection in the 1980s.

——确立环境保护为中国的一项基 本国策。

防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的

全局利益和长远发展，

中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项基本国策。

-- Making environmental protecti

on one of China's basic national policies. The prevention and control of environmental pollution an

d ecological destruction and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources are of

vital importance to the country's overall interests and long-term development. The Chinese governme

nt is unswervingly carrying out the basic national policy of environmental protection.

——制定经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展，实现经济效益 、社会效益、环境效

益相统一的指导方针，实行“预防为主，防治结合”、“谁污染，谁 治理”和“强化环境管理”三大政策。

-- For

mulating the guiding principles of simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultane

ous development for economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construct

ion, and combining the economic returns with social effects and environmental benefits; and carryin

g out the three major policies of ``prevention first and combining prevention with control,'' ``mak

ing the causer of pollution responsible for treating it'' and ``intensifying environmental manageme

nt.''

——颁布实施环境保护的法律法规 ，

把环境保护建立在法制的基础上，

不断完善环境法律体系，< /p>

严格执法程序，

加大执法力度，

保证环境 法律法规的有效实施。

-- Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulatio

ns regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, cont

inuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement proc

edures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation

of the environmental laws and regulations.

——坚持环境保护纳入国民经济和 社会发展计划，实施国家指导下的宏观调控与管理，

逐步增加对环境保护的

投入，使环境保护与各项建设事业统筹兼顾，协调发展。

-- Persisting in incorporating environmental prote

ction into the plans for national economic and social development, introducing to it macro regulati

on and management under state guidance, and gradually increasing environmental protection input so

as to give simultaneous consideration to environmental protection and other undertakings and ensure

their coordinated development.

——建立健全各级政府的环境保护 机构，

形成比较完善的环境管理体制，充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。

< br>-- E

stablishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, f

orming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments'

role in environmental supervision and administration.

——加速环境科学技术的进步。加强基础理论研究，

组织科技攻关，开发和推广防治环境污染的实用技术，

扶

植环境保护产业的发展，初步形成了环境保护科研体系。

-- Accelerating progress in environmental science

and technology. Strengthening research into basic theories, organizing the tackling of key scientif

ic and technological problems, developing and popularizing prac

pollution prevention and control, fostering the growth of environmental protection industries, and

giving initial shape to an environmental protection scientific research system.

——开展环境 宣传教育，提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传，逐步普及中小学环境教育，发展环境保

< br>护在职教育和专业教育，培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。

-- Carrying out environmental publicity

and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the environment. Widely conducting environ

mental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary scho

ols, developing on-the-job education in environ

raining specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental admi

nistration.

——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国 际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作，认真履

行国际环境公约，努力发挥中国在国际环 境事务中的作用。

-- Promoting international cooperation in the fi

eld of environmental protection. Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the enviro

nment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing

international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental

affairs.

进入

90

年代，国际社会与世界各国在探索解决环境与发展问题的道路上迈 出了重要一步。

1992

年

6

月，联合

国环境与发展大会把可持续发展作为未来共同的发展战略，得到 了与会各国政府的普遍赞同。

Since the beginnin

g of the 1990s the international community and various countries have made an important step forwar

d in exploring solutions to problems of the environment and development. The United Nations Confere

nce on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, made sustainable development the strategy fo

r common development in the future, and this won wide acclaim from the governments of all countries

represented at the conference.

19 92

年

8

月，

联合国环境与发展大会之后，

中国政府提出了中国环境与发展应采取的十大对策，

明确指出走可

持续发展道路是当代中国以及未来的必然选择。

In August 1992, shortly after that conference, the Chinese

government put forward ten major measures China was to adopt to enhance its environment and develo

pment, clearly pointing out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China

now and in the future.

1994

年

3

月，中国政府批准发布了《中国

2 1

世纪议程

——?中国

21

世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》，从人

口、环境 与发展的具体国情出发，提出了中国可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。

有关部 门和地方也分别

制定了实施可持续发展战略的行动计划。

In March 1994 the Chinese government approved and promulgated Ch

ina's Agenda 21 -- White Paper on China's Population, Environment, and Development in the 21st Cent

ury. This document, proceeding from the country's specific national conditions in these three respe

cts, put forward China's overall strategy, measures and program of action for sustainable developme

nt. The various departments and localities also worked out their respective plans of action to impl

ement the strategy for sustainable development.

1996

年

3

月，第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议审议通过的《中华 人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”

计划和

2010

年远景目标纲要》，把实施可持续发展作为现代化建设的一项重大战略，使可持续发展战略在中 国经

济建设和社会发展过程中得以实施。

At its Fourth Session in March 1996 China's Eighth National People's Congress examined and adopted

the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Develop

ment and the Outline of the Long-Term Target for the Year 2010. Both the Plan and Outline take sust

ainable development as an important strategy for modernization, thus making it possible for t

he imp

lementation of the strategy of sustainable development in the course of China's economic constructi

on and social development.

二、逐步完善的法律体系与管理体制

中国重 视环境法制建设，目前已经形成了以

《中华人民共和国宪法》为基础，以

《中华人民共和国环境保护法》

为主体的环境法律体系。

《中华人民共和国宪法》规 定：“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境，防治污染和其他公害。”“国家保障

自然资 源的合理利用，保护珍贵的动物和植物。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。”

《中华人民共和国环境保护法》

是中国环境保护的基本法。该法确立 了经济建设、社会发展与环境保护协调发

展的基本方针，规定了各级政府、一切单位和个 人保护环境的权利和义务。

中国针对特定的环境保护对象制定颁布了多项环境保护专门法 以及与环境保护相关的资源法，包括：

《水污染

防治法》、《大 气污染防治法》、《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《海洋环境保护法》、《森林法》、《草原法》、

《渔业法》、《矿产资源法》、《土地管理法》、《水法》、《野生动物保护法》、《水土保持法》、 《农业法》

等。

中国政府还制定了

《噪声污染防治条例》

、

《自然保护区条例》、

《放射性同位素与射线装置放射防护条例》

、

《化学危险品安全管理条例》、

《淮河流域水污染防治暂行条例》

、

《海洋石油勘探开发环境保护管理条例》、

《海

《陆生野生动物保护实施条例》、

《风景名胜区管理暂行条例》、

《基本农田保护条例》

、< /p>

《城

市绿化条例》等

30

多件环境保护行政法规。此外，各有关部门还发布了大量的环境保护行政规章。

中国地 方人民代表大会和地方人民政府为实施国家环境保护法律，结合本地区的具体情况，制定和颁布了

600

多项环境保护地方性法规。

环境标 准是中国环境法律体系的一个重要组成部分，包括环境质量标准、

污染物排放标准、环境 基础标准、

样

品标准和方法标准。环境质量标准、污染物排放标 准分为国家标准和地方标准。到

1995

年底，中国颁布了

364

项

各类国家环境标准。中国法律规定 ，

环境质量标准和污染物排放标准属于强制性标准，违反强制性环境标准，必须