Sustainable Development Goals可持续发展目标,英语阅读材料

The Sustainable Development Goals

The

Sustainable

Development

Goals

(

SDGs

),

also

called

Global

Goals

,

are

a

proposed

set

of

targets

relating

to

futureinternational

development.

They

are

to

replace

the Millennium

Development

Goals once

those

expire

at

the

end

of

SDGs

were

first

formally

discussed

at

the United

Nations

Conference

on

Sustainable

Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 (Rio+20).

On 19 July 2014, the UN General Assembly's Open Working Group on

Sustainable

Development

Goals

(OWG)

forwarded

a

proposal

for

the

SDGs

to the Assembly. The proposal contained 17 goals with 169 targets

covering

a

broad

range

of

sustainable

development

issues.

These

included

ending poverty and hunger,

improving health and education,

making

cities

more

sustainable,

combating climate

change,

and

protecting oceans and forests. On 4 December 2014, the UN General

Assembly

accepted

the

Secretary-General's

Synthesis

Report

which

stated that the agenda for the post-2015 SDG process would be based

on the OWG proposals.

Background

Up to 2015, the development agenda was centered on the Millennium

Development

Goals

(MDGs),

which

were

officially

established

following

the

Millennium

Summit

of

the

United

Nations

in

2000.

The

MDGs

encapsulated eight globally agreed

goals in

the areas of

poverty

alleviation, education, gender equality and empowerment of women,

child and maternal health, environmental sustainability, reducing

HIV/AIDS

and

communicable

diseases,

and

building

a

global

partnership

for development.

The MDGs were supposed to be achieved by 2015, so a further process

was needed to agree and develop development goals from 2015-2030.

Discussion on the post-2015 framework for international development

began

well

in

advance.

Formal

debate

concerning

the

SDGs

first

occurred

at the 2012 United Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro. The 192 UN

member

states

agreed

at

the

Rio+20

summit

to

start

a

process

of

designing

sustainable

development

goals,

which

are

“action

-oriented,

concise and easy to communicate, limited in number, aspirational,