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2007考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇“智商测验”

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2021-01-29 05:06
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2021年1月29日发(作者:竞争对手英语)



2007 Text 2



For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement


Parade


has featured a


column called ―Ask Marilyn.‖ People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10


had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228



the


highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to


envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among


other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the


average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What‘s the difference between love and fondness? Or what


is the nature of luck and coincidence?




It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize


objects


and


to


figure


out


numerical


patterns


suits


one


to


answer


questions


that


have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.



在过去的几年,


《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为



询问 玛丽琳



的专栏。人们被邀请去询问


玛 丽琳


?


沃斯


?


萨文特,玛丽琳


?


沃斯


?


萨文特在


10


岁时测试的智力水平达到别人


23


岁时的水平,这使得


她的智商高达


228――


是有记录的最高水平。


智商测试要求 你完成口头和视觉分析,


要求你在纸张被折叠、


剪切后想象它的 形状,


要求你推论数字的顺序,


还有其他类似的项目。


所以,


当沃斯


?


萨文特 面对普通人


(智


商为


100

< p>
)提出的像



热爱与喜爱之间的区别是什么?



或者



运气与巧 合的特征是什么?



这样的问题时,


她 感到有点困惑。设想物体、判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学

< p>
家的问题,这可并不那么显而易见。




mental




adj.


精神的


,


智力的




verbal




adj.


口头的


【记】


verb


(言语),+


al


(形容词后缀)=口头的;


nonverbal


:不用语言的




analogy




n.


类似


,


类推



【习】


have an analogy to/with


具有与


...


相似之处

;by analogy


用类推法



【例】


No analogy exists between them.


两者毫无相似之处。




envision




vt.


想象


,


预想




numerical




adj.


数字的


,


用数表示的




fondness



n.


爱好


,


溺爱




coincidence



n.


一致


,


相合


,


同时发生或同时存在


(


尤指偶然


)


的事




【巧】


co< /p>



together


< br>+ incidence



incident

< p>
)=


coincidence


:两个小的事情同时 发生,



巧合




【例】


What a coincidence.


多巧啊。




elude




v.


躲避




1



It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical


patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and


philosophers.



【译文】



有些问题连一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难以回答,


但是想象物体和计算数字模式的能力 却能使


人找出答案,其中原因并不为人所知。




【析句】



这是一个简单句,


It


只是形式主语,真正的主语是

< p>
how


引导的主语从句。而在主语从句中,主


语是


the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns


,谓语是


suits


,宾语



one



to answer questions

< p>
是宾语补足语,而


questions


后又跟了一 个定语从句。




【讲词】



visualize


意为



想象


< p>
,是


imagine


的同义词。例如:

< p>
He had a hard time to visualize the


scene as it was described.


(他 难以设想所描绘的场景。




elud e


表示



躲避


< /p>


,也可表示



理解不了,想不起来



。根据句中的意思,可以译为


< br>回答不了



。例如:


The


answer to this question eluded me for a long time, perhaps because it was so simple.


(这个



1



问题的答案我想了许久,也许是因为问题太简单了。





Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to


be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it


from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?



毫 无疑问,


智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。


而聪明意味 着什么?可以明确显示智力有多少?


我们能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学以及其他领 域了解的智力又有多少?




encompass



v.


包围


,


环绕


,


包含或包括某事物




The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ


tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the


Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult


and children‘s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only


by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.



Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring


is now


based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply


dividing


the


mental


age


by


the


chronological


age


and


multiplying


by


100.



Other


standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record


Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.


< br>人类有关智力的定义性术语似乎仍然是智商分数,即使人们并不像以前那样经常进行智商测试。智商


测试主要表现为两种形式:斯坦福



比奈特智 力衡量表和威斯勒智力衡量表(两种都包含成人和儿童测试


类型)


。由于这些测试一般要花费几百美元,因此通常只有心理学家才进行这些测试,


尽管这 些测试的变种


存在于书店和环球网上。


像沃斯

< br>?


萨文特得到这样的超高分数也再不可能,


因为现在的分 数依据的是相同年


龄者的统计学群体分布状况,而不是简单地通过实足年龄乘以


100


来划分智能年龄。其他标准测试,比如


学 术能力检测以及研究生入学考试,包含了智商测试的主要方面。




statistica




adj.


统计的


,

< br>统计学的


n.


统计量




peer




n.


同等的人




2



Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is


now


based


on a statistical population distribution among age peers,


rather than


simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.



【译文】



再也不可能出现


vos Savant


测得的智力高分了,


因为评分标准是根据同年龄中人口分布统计数


据而制定,而不是简单根据时间年龄除以智力年龄,再乘以


100




【讲词】



这句话中包含一些术语,如 :


scoring


(得分,即智力测验的得分)



statistical


population


distribution


(人口分布统计)

< br>,


age


peers


(同龄人 )



mental


age

< p>
(智力年龄)



chronological < /p>


age


(时间年龄或日历年龄)





Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed


in school and in life, argues


Robert J. Sternberg. In his article ―How Intelligent Is Intelligence


Testing?‖,




Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal


skills


but


fail


to


measure


creativity


and


practical


knowledge,


components


also


critical to problem solving and life success.


Moreover


, IQ test do not necessarily predict


so


well


once


populations


or


situations


change.


Research


has


found


that


IQ


predicted


leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress


conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership



that is, it predicted the opposite.


Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-


taking skill also matters, whether it‘s


knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.


< p>
罗伯特


?



?

< p>
斯顿伯格认为,


这样的标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的 所有重要因素。


在其名为



智力测试如 何明智?



的文章中,斯顿伯格指出,传统的测试最恰当地评估 了分析能力和语言表


达能力,但没有测量创造性和实际知识,这些也是解决问题和在生活 中取得成功的关键因素。而且,一旦



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