-花蕾
2007 Text 2
For the past several years, the Sunday
newspaper supplement
Parade
has featured a
column called ―Ask
Marilyn.‖ People are invited to query Marilyn vos
Savant, who at age 10
had tested at a
mental level of someone about 23 years old; that
gave her an IQ of 228
–
the
highest score ever recorded. IQ tests
ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies,
to
envision paper after it has been
folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences,
among
other similar tasks. So it is a
bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries
from the
average Joe (whose IQ is 100)
as, What‘s the difference between love and
fondness? Or what
is the nature of luck
and coincidence?
①
It’s not obvious how the
capacity to visualize
objects
and
to
figure
out
numerical
patterns
suits
one
to
answer
questions
that
have eluded some of the best poets and
philosophers.
在过去的几年,
《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为
―
询问
玛丽琳
‖
的专栏。人们被邀请去询问
玛
丽琳
?
沃斯
?
萨文特,玛丽琳
?
沃斯
?
萨文特在
10
岁时测试的智力水平达到别人
23
岁时的水平,这使得
她的智商高达
228――
是有记录的最高水平。
智商测试要求
你完成口头和视觉分析,
要求你在纸张被折叠、
剪切后想象它的
形状,
要求你推论数字的顺序,
还有其他类似的项目。
所以,
当沃斯
?
萨文特
面对普通人
(智
商为
100
)提出的像
―
热爱与喜爱之间的区别是什么?
p>
‖
或者
―
运气与巧
合的特征是什么?
‖
这样的问题时,
她
感到有点困惑。设想物体、判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学
家的问题,这可并不那么显而易见。
mental
adj.
精神的
,
智力的
verbal
adj.
口头的
【记】
verb
(言语),+
al
(形容词后缀)=口头的;
nonverbal
:不用语言的
analogy
n.
类似
,
类推
【习】
have an analogy to/with
p>
具有与
...
相似之处
;by analogy
用类推法
【例】
No analogy exists between
them.
两者毫无相似之处。
envision
vt.
想象
,
预想
numerical
adj.
数字的
,
用数表示的
fondness
n.
爱好
,
溺爱
coincidence
n.
一致
,
相合
,
同时发生或同时存在
(
尤指偶然
)
的事
p>
【巧】
co<
/p>
(
together
)
< br>+ incidence
(
incident
)=
coincidence
:两个小的事情同时
发生,
―
巧合
‖
【例】
What a
coincidence.
多巧啊。
elude
v.
躲避
1
、
It's not
obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and
to figure out numerical
patterns suits
one to answer questions that have eluded some of
the best poets and
philosophers.
【译文】
有些问题连一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难以回答,
但是想象物体和计算数字模式的能力
却能使
人找出答案,其中原因并不为人所知。
【析句】
这是一个简单句,
It
只是形式主语,真正的主语是
how
引导的主语从句。而在主语从句中,主
语是
the capacity to visualize objects and
to figure out numerical patterns
,谓语是
suits
,宾语
是
one
,
to answer questions
是宾语补足语,而
questions
后又跟了一
个定语从句。
【讲词】
visualize
意为
想象
,是
imagine
的同义词。例如:
He had a hard time to visualize the
scene as it was described.
(他
难以设想所描绘的场景。
)
elud
e
表示
躲避
<
/p>
,也可表示
理解不了,想不起来
。根据句中的意思,可以译为
< br>回答不了
。例如:
The
answer to this question eluded me for a
long time, perhaps because it was so
simple.
(这个
1
问题的答案我想了许久,也许是因为问题太简单了。
)
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more
than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to
be smart? How much of intelligence can
be specified, and how much can we learn about it
from neurology, genetics, computer
science and other fields?
毫
无疑问,
智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。
而聪明意味
着什么?可以明确显示智力有多少?
我们能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学以及其他领
域了解的智力又有多少?
encompass
v.
包围
,
环绕
,
包含或包括某事物
The defining term of intelligence in
humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though
IQ
tests are not given as often as they
used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms:
the
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in
adult
and children‘s version).
Generally costing several hundred dollars, they
are usually given only
by
psychologists, although variations of them
populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.
②
Superhigh scores like vos
Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring
is now
based on a
statistical population distribution among age
peers, rather than simply
dividing
the
mental
age
by
the
chronological
age
and
multiplying
by
100.
Other
standardized tests,
such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and
the Graduate Record
Exam (GRE), capture
the main aspects of IQ tests.
< br>人类有关智力的定义性术语似乎仍然是智商分数,即使人们并不像以前那样经常进行智商测试。智商
测试主要表现为两种形式:斯坦福
—
比奈特智
力衡量表和威斯勒智力衡量表(两种都包含成人和儿童测试
类型)
。由于这些测试一般要花费几百美元,因此通常只有心理学家才进行这些测试,
尽管这
些测试的变种
存在于书店和环球网上。
像沃斯
< br>?
萨文特得到这样的超高分数也再不可能,
因为现在的分
数依据的是相同年
龄者的统计学群体分布状况,而不是简单地通过实足年龄乘以
100
来划分智能年龄。其他标准测试,比如
学
术能力检测以及研究生入学考试,包含了智商测试的主要方面。
statistica
adj.
统计的
,
< br>统计学的
n.
统计量
peer
n.
同等的人
2
、
Superhigh
scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible,
because scoring is
now
based
on a statistical population
distribution among age peers,
rather
than
simply dividing the mental age by
the chronological age and multiplying by 100.
【译文】
再也不可能出现
vos Savant
测得的智力高分了,
因为评分标准是根据同年龄中人口分布统计数
据而制定,而不是简单根据时间年龄除以智力年龄,再乘以
100
。
【讲词】
这句话中包含一些术语,如
:
scoring
(得分,即智力测验的得分)
,
statistical
population
distribution
(人口分布统计)
< br>,
age
peers
(同龄人
)
,
mental
age
(智力年龄)
,
chronological <
/p>
age
(时间年龄或日历年龄)
。
Such standardized
tests may not assess all the important elements
necessary to succeed
in school and in
life, argues
Robert J. Sternberg. In
his article ―How Intelligent Is Intelligence
Testing?‖,
③
Sternberg notes that
traditional test best assess analytical and verbal
skills
but
fail
to
measure
creativity
and
practical
knowledge,
components
also
critical to problem solving and life
success.
Moreover
, IQ test
do not necessarily predict
so
well
once
populations
or
situations
change.
Research
has
found
that
IQ
predicted
leadership skills
when the tests were given under low-stress
conditions, but under high-stress
conditions, IQ was negatively
correlated with leadership
–
that is, it predicted the opposite.
Anyone who has toiled through SAT will
testify that test-
taking skill also
matters, whether it‘s
knowing when to
guess or what questions to skip.
罗伯特
?
杰
?
斯顿伯格认为,
这样的标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的
所有重要因素。
在其名为
―
智力测试如
何明智?
‖
的文章中,斯顿伯格指出,传统的测试最恰当地评估
了分析能力和语言表
达能力,但没有测量创造性和实际知识,这些也是解决问题和在生活
中取得成功的关键因素。而且,一旦
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