ARGUE.模板和漂亮句型的整理

------------------------------------------- ----------------

其他：

The fact that … does not necessarily imply that …

First of all, the argum

ent is based on a hasty generalization. According to the cited

studies …

which is understandable.

It is very likely that … and hence… varies significantly.

分析常用：

the actual am

ount of tim

e for doing

… respectively …

The survey is based on two isolated examples. The arguer should survey more hospitals of both

types.

How large was the sam

ple

How many people participated?

What extent do this participators improve their …speed?

The arguer fails to indicate

the attitude of the residents to the

ABC's performance.

循环假设

The arguer commits a fallacy of begging the question in assuming that

…

- -------------------------------------------------- ----------

结尾：

To sum

up, the

conclusion lacks credibility because

the evidence

cited in the analysis

does

not

lend

strong

support

to

what

the

arguer

maintains.

To

strengthen

the

argument,

the

arguer

would

have

to

provide

m

ore

evidence

concerning

the

percentage of the affected families and their geographical distribution.

In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading.

In

conclusion,

the

arguer

fails

to

establish

a

causal

relationship

between

…

To

strengthen

the

argument,

the

arguer

would

have

to

provide

evidence

that

…To

better evaluate the argum

ent, we would need more information about …

As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To m

ake it logically acceptable, the

arguer would have to demonstrate that

… is the only condition that …Additionally,

the arguer must provide evidence to

rule out

other possible causes of the …

To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands.

范文观摩呀！

Argument

37

The

following

is

a

memorandum

from

the

director of personnel to the president of Get-Away Airlines.

our

mechanics

are

responsible

for

inspecting

and

maintaining our aircraft, Get-Away Airlines should pay to send

them

to

the

Quality-Care

Seminar,

a

two-week

seminar

on

proper

maintenance

procedures.

I

recommend

this

seminar

because

it

is

likely

to

be

a

wise

investment,

given

that

the

automobile

racing

industry

recently

reported

that

the

performance

of

its

maintenance

crews

improved

markedly

after

their

crews

had

attended

the

seminar.

These

maintenance crews perform many of the same functions as do

our mechanics, including refueling and repairing engines. The

money

we

spend

on

sending

our

staff

to

the

seminar

will

inevitably lead to improved maintenance and thus to greater

customer

satisfaction

along

with

greater

profits

for

our

airline.

[

建议，看别人好自己也要

]

In

this

argument,

the

arguer

concludes

that

sending

the

mechanics of Get-Away Airlines to a two-week Quality-Care Seminar

on

proper

maintenance

procedures

will

automatically

lead

to

improved

maintenance

and

to

greater

customer

satisfaction

along

with greater profits for the airline.

To support the conclusion, the

arguer points out that

the performance of the maintenance crews

in the automobile racing industry improved markedly after their crews

had attended the seminar.

In addition, the arguer reasons that

since the maintenance crews of the automobile racing industry and

the

mechanics

of

Get-Away

Airlines

perform

many

of

the

same

functions,

the

airlines

will

gain

similar

benefits

from

the

training

program.

This argument suffers from several critical fallacies.

First,

the argument Is based on a false analogy.

The arguer

simply assumes

that airplane mechanics and automobile maintenance

crews perform many

similar

functions,

but he does not provide any

evidence

that their functions are

indeed comparable

. As we know, the

structure,

operation

and

function

of

airplanes

and

those

of

automobiles differ conspicuously. It is true that both the airplane and

the

automobile

need

refueling

and

engine

maintenance,

but

even

here

there

exist

fundamental

differences:

the

structure

and

the

building materials of each other's engines are different, so is the oil

they use. Therefore, even though the two-week Quality-Care Seminar

proved

effective in improving

the

performance

of the

maintenance

crews in the automobile racing industry, there is no guarantee that it

will work just as well for airplane mechanics.

Second,

the

arguer

commits

a

fallacy

of

hasty

generalization

.

Even

if

the

maintenance

of

the

airline

has

been

improved as a result of

sending its mechanics to the Seminar,

which is,

of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that

there

will be greater profits as well as greater customer satisfaction for the

airline.

As we know,

customer satisfaction

depends on several major

factors

other

than

good

maintenance

of the

airplane.

For

instance,

customers

are

generally

concerned

about

the

punctuality,

the

on-board

service

,

the

ticket

price,

the luggage

handling

procedure

and even the

discount

,

all of which are ignored by the arguer

. Besides,

the arguer does not provide any solid information concerning

how the

airplane

can

improve

its

profits.

Unless

Get-Away

Airlines

can

significantly increase

its

customers or

passengers and

at

the same

time

cut

down

its

costs,

both

of

which

are

unknown

from

this

argument

,

there

is

no

guarantee

that

it

wil

l

harvest

greater profits

. Actually, the arguer's recommendation of investing in

this

training

program

as

the

only

way

to

increase

customer

satisfaction and profits

would most probably turn out to be ineffective

and misleading.

In

conclusion,

the

arguer

fails

to

establish

a

causal

relationship

between

sending

Get-A

way's

mechanics

to

the

Quality-Care Seminar and improved maintenance, greater customer

satisfaction

and

greater

profits for

the airline.

To strengthen the

argument,

the

arguer

would

have

to

provide

evidence

that

automobile

maintenance

and

airplane

maintenance

are

similar

in

every aspect

.

To better evaluate the argument, we would need

more

information

about

the

relationship

between

improved

maintenance

and

greater

customer

satisfaction

along

with

greater

profits.

Argument 47:

The nation of Claria covers a vast physical area.

But

despite

wide

geographic

differences,

many

citizens

are

experiencing

rising

costs

of

electricity.

A

recent

study

of

household

electric

costs

in

Claria

found

that

families

who

cooled their houses with fans alone spent more on electricity

than

did

families

using

air

conditioners

alone

for

cooling.

However, those households that reported using both fans and

air

conditioners

spent

less

on

electricity

than

those

households

that

used

either

fans

or

air

conditioners

alone.

Thus,

the

citizens

of

Claria

should

follow

the

study's

recommendation

and

use

both

air

conditioners

and

fans

in

order to save money on electricity.

[

建议，根据不科学调查

]