环境科学与工程专业英语重点翻译

第二单元

What is this book about

？这本书是关于什么的？

The objective of

this

book is to

introduce engineering

and science students to the

interdisciplinary study of environment problems

；

their cause

，

why they are of

concern

，

and how we can control them. The book includes:

这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题

;

它们的起因，为什么它们受

到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。这本书包括：

Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems

描述环境和环境系统意味着什么

Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances

关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息

Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental

problems and to be able to quantify them

理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识

Current

state

of

the

technology

of

environmental

control

in

its

application

to

water

，

air and pollution problems

目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状

Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and

controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and nature < /p>

我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在< /p>

相当大的缺陷

Many

environmental

problems

which

could

be

eliminated

or

reduced

by

the

application

of current technology

，

but which are not dealt with because of society

’

s lack of

will to do so

，

or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.

许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会 缺乏这样做的意

愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。

Interaction of Systems

互动系统

A

number

of

different

environmental

problems

are

associated

with

water,

air,

or

land

systems.

许多不同的环境问题都涉及到水，空气，或土壤。

Many of

these problems will apply only within

one of these systems, justifying

the

breakdown

into

these

catego ries.

许多这些问题只适用于在其中一个系统，这为这些种类

中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。

Such a classification is also useful for easier comprehension of related problems

within one system.

这种分类也有助于更容 易理解一个系统里的相关问题。

Moreover, it is sensible because, for manager and administrative reasons, such

subfields as air pollution, water supply, wastewater disposal, and solid waste

disposal are often dealt with separately by governmental agencies.

此外，这样做是明智的，因为是行政管理的原因，空气污染，水供 应，固体废物处置和废水

处理，往往是由政府机构分别处理的。

Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not confined to an air,

water, or land system, but involve interactions between systems.

很遗憾的是，许多

重要的环境问题不只局限于一个空气，水，或土壤系统，更涉及系统之间的相互作用。

A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur

dioxide

and

nitrogen

oxide

gases

into

the

atmosphere

from

the

stacks

of

generating

stations, smelters, and automobile exhausts

。目前的一个 例子是酸雨问题，根源是许

多发电站，冶炼，汽车排出的废气中进入大气的二氧化硫和氮 氧化物气体。

These gases are then transported by air currents over wide regions.

这些气体被气

流运送到广阔的区域。

Rainfall

“

washes

them

out

”

,

creating

acid

rain

which

is

harmful

to

aquatic

life,

forests,

and

agricultural

crops.

雨水“将它们洗去”，产生了对水生生物，森林和农作

物有害的酸雨。

Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental

disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global

problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature.

两个有关于系统间相互 作用引起的环境问题有：

空气中的二氧化碳的增加的全球性问题以及

具有

第三单元

Pollution prevention: Pollution may be generated during manufacturing, or when

certain products are used commercially or by consumers.

污 染的防止：污染可能在生

产过程之中产生，或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者 使用的时候产生。

This

may

be

prevented

in

three

ways:

changing

inputs/reducing

reliance

on

toxic

or

hazardous raw materials; process changes /increasing efficiency/improved

maintenance such as equipment modifications, better housekeeping, in-process

closed-loop

recycling;

or

changing

outputs/reducing

reliance

on

toxic

or

hazardous

products.

这样可能在三个方式上被阻止：

改变投入

/

减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料；

改变

过程